ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื—ืช ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ืโ€ฆ

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื“ืณ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื’
 
01/09/2003

โ€ฆ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื—ืช ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื

ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ืฉื ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•1:

ื™ืกืจ ื‘ื ืš ื•ื™ื ื™ื—ืš ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืžืขื“ื ื™ื ืœื ืคืฉืš.
ื‘ืื™ืŸ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื™ืคืจืข ืขื ื•ืฉืžืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืืฉืจื”ื•.
ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ึดื•ึธืกึถืจ ืขื‘ื“ ื›ื™ ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื”.
ื—ื–ื™ืช ืื™ืฉ ืืฅ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืชืงื•ื” ืœื›ืกื™ืœ ืžืžื ื•.

ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืฉื ื™ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉื ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• โ€“ ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ื—ื–ื•ืŸ. ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืขืžื™ื“ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื–ื• ืžื•ืœ ื–ื• โ€“ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“.
ืื“ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื‘ื ื• ื™ืชืŸ ืžืขื“ื ื™ื ืœื ืคืฉื• โ€“ ื™ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืœื• ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ืชื•. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื–ื”? ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ื™ืกืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืŸ. ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื ื—ืช? ืขืœื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืกืจ ืืช ื‘ื ืš. "ื™ืกืจ ื‘ื ืš โ€“ ื•ื™ื ื™ื—ืš". ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฆืคื™ื ืฉื”ื”ื™ืคืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื ืชืชืŸ ืœื‘ื ืš ืžืขื“ื ื™ื โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืš, ื•ืื ืชื™ื™ืกืจ ืื•ืชื•, ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืกืจ ืื•ืชืš ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”.
ื ืจืื”, ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืขื•ืžืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืจื‘ื“ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื”ืื“ื. ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช2 ืžื•ื‘ื ืžืฉืœ ื”ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื”' ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืขืžื:

ื•ืžืฉืœื (=ื ืžืฉืœื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื”) ื‘ื–ื” ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง, ืฉืžืฆืื• ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ื—ืกื“ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื—ืžืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื™ืืกืคื”ื• ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ื™ื’ื“ืœื”ื•, ื•ื™ืื›ื™ืœื”ื•, ื•ื™ืœื‘ื™ืฉื”ื•, ื•ื™ืชื ื“ื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื•, ืขื“ ืฉื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ืชื•. ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืŸ ืฉืžืข ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืืกื™ืจ, ืฉื ืคืœ ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉื•ื ืื• ื•ื”ื’ื™ืขื”ื• ืืœ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฆืขืจ ื•ื”ืจืขื‘ ื•ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื ื›ืžืจื• ืจื—ืžื™ื• ืขืœ ืฆืขืจื•, ื•ืคื™ื™ืก ืœืฉื•ื ืื•, ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชื™ืจื• ื•ืžื—ืœ ืœื• ืืช ื“ืžื™ื•, ื•ื™ืืกืคื”ื• ื”ืื™ืฉ ืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื•, ื•ื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื• ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ื‘ื• ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืืกื™ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืžื•ื“ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืฆืขืจ ืืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืฉืœื•ื” ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื›ืจืชื• ื‘ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ ื•ื—ืกื“ื• ืžืื“. ื•ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืœืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื•, ืืš ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ื–ืงื” ื”ื›ืจืชื• ื•ื”ืชื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื“ืขืชื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื” ืžื™ืžื™ ื ืขืจื•ืชื•. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืžืกืชืคืง, ืฉื—ืกื“ื• ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื•ื ืจืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื— ืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ืฉื’ืจื” ื ืจืื™ืช ืœื ื• ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ืžืืœื™ื”, ื•ืจืง ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘. ืื“ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืงืขืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื” ืœื”ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืชโ€ฆ
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืื‘ ืขื•ืฉื” ืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืกืจ ืื•ืชื• ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื โ€“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช, ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืžืžื ื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ืœื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืจืง ืงื‘ืœืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื• ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
ืืš ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืœ, ืœืœื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืœืื‘ ืžื ื•ื—ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ, ื”ื•ื ื™ืชืคืจืฅ ื•ืœื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื• ืžื ื•ื—ื” โ€“ ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืœ, ื•ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื• ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื• ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื•.
ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคื ื” ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“. ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ืฉืชื‘ื ื” ืขืชื™ื“ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžืชื—ื ืš. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื™ื™ืกืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžื”ืื“ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื•ื ืชื™ื ื”. ื”ืžืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืžื˜ืขื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืŸ, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืชืชื’ืœื” โ€“ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžื ื•ื—ื”. ืืš ืžื™ ืฉืžื™ื™ืกืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื—ื ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ โ€“ ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœืขื•ืœื, ื•ื›ืš ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื ื—ืช ืžื‘ื ื•.
ืžื•ืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ ื”ืขื‘ื“, ืขืœื™ื• ื ืืžืจ: "ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ื•ืกืจ ืขื‘ื“". ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื‘ื“ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืฆืคื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ื“. ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” โ€“ ืื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืคื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“. ืœื›ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืฉืชื’ืจื•ื ืœืขื‘ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
ืžื›ืœืœ ืœืื• ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ื”ืŸ: ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ืกืจ ืขื‘ื“, ืืš ื‘ืŸ โ€“ ื›ืŸ! ื”ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื: ื‘ื”ืฆื‘ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ืขื‘ื“ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืœืœื™: "ื‘ืื™ืŸ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื™ืคืจืข ืขื". ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“. ืื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืžืœื›ื“ ืืช ื”ืขื. ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืžืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืœื›ื“ ืืช ื”ืขื. ื‘ืœื™ ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื โ€“ ื™ืคืจืข (=ื™ืชืคื–ืจ) ื”ืขื.
ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขื ืื•ืชื” ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ืฆื‘ืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช: ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”: "ื—ื–ื™ืช ืื™ืฉ ืืฅ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• โ€“ ืชืงื•ื” ืœื›ืกื™ืœ ืžืžื ื•". ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ื™ืชื‘ืืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžืžืฉืœื™:

ืื™ืฉ ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืืฅ ืœื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืœื ื™ื ืงื”3.
ื™ืกืจ ื‘ื ืš ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืชืงื•ื” ื•ืืœ ื”ืžื™ืชื• ืืœ ืชืฉื ื ืคืฉืš4.

ืžื•ืœ "ืื™ืฉ ืืžื•ื ื•ืช" โ€“ "ื”ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื•ืจืข" โ€“ ื”ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื”, ืขื•ืžื“ "ืืฅ ืœื”ืขืฉื™ืจ", ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืฉืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืขื›ืฉื•ื™. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉ"ืื™ืฉ ืืžื•ื ื•ืช โ€“ ืจื‘ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช", ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• "ืืฅ ืœื”ืขืฉื™ืจ โ€“ ืœื ื™ื ืงื”" โ€“ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื•.
ืื™ืฉ ืืฅ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• โ€“ ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืขืช, ืชืงื•ื” ืœื›ืกื™ืœ ืžืžื ื• โ€“ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืชืงื•ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืชืงื•ื” โ€“ ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื•ืขืžืœ โ€“ "ื™ืกืจ ื‘ื ืš ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืชืงื•ื”". ืจืง ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ื•ืชื ืช ืชืงื•ื”, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืืฅ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืืŸ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืชืงื•ื”.

ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืขืชื™ื“, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”, ื”ืขืžืœ ื•ื”ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”:

ื™ืกืจ ื‘ื ืš ื•ื™ื ื™ื—ืš ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืžืขื“ื ื™ื ืœื ืคืฉืš. ื‘ืื™ืŸ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื™ืคืจืข ืขื ื•ืฉืžืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืืฉืจื”ื•.

ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” โ€“ ื”ืขื‘ื“ ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื›ืฉื•ื™, ื•ื”ืืฅ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื ื” ืจืง ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” โ€“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืงื™ื•ื ืœืขืชื™ื“:

ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ึดื•ึธืกึถืจ ืขื‘ื“ ื›ื™ ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื”. ื—ื–ื™ืช ืื™ืฉ ืืฅ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืชืงื•ื” ืœื›ืกื™ืœ ืžืžื ื•.


1 ืคืจืง ื›ื˜, ื™"ื– โ€“ ื›'.
2 ืฉืขืจ ื‘' โ€“ ืฉืขืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื”, ืคืชื™ื—ื”.
3 ื›"ื—, ื›'.
4 ื™"ื˜, ื™"ื—.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *