ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื ืฉืžืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื’ืณ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
15/08/1980

ื”ื›ืœืœ: ื”ื ื’ืœื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืœื ืกืชืจ, ื•ื”ื ืกืชืจ ื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ืžื—ื™ื” ืืช ื”ื ื’ืœื”.

ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืกื•ื›ื” (ื›"ื— ืข"ื) ืžืกืคืจืช ืขืœ ืžืขืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื›ืื™:

ืืžืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ืขืœ ืจื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื›ืื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื ื™ื— ืžืงืจื ื•ืžืฉื ื”, ื’ืžืจื, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืื’ื“ื•ืช, ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื, ืงืœื™ื ื•ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช, ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืฉื™ื—ืช ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ื•ืฉื™ื—ืช ืฉื“ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื—ืช ื“ืงืœื™ื, ืžืฉืœื•ืช ื›ื•ื‘ืกื™ืŸ, ืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉื•ืขืœื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ. "ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ" โ€“ ืžืขืฉื” ืžืจื›ื‘ื”, "ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ" โ€“ ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื, ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ "ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉ ื•ืื•ืฆืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ืืžืœื".

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืงืฉื™ื: ืžื“ื•ืข ืงืจืื” ืœื”ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื "ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ", ื”ืจื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื™ืกื•ืงื ื• ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื’ืžืจื, ืฉืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื ื”ื ืžืขืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ื•ืš ืฉืœื”?!
ื”ืฉืœ"ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ (ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืื“ื, ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ืชื ื™ื™ื ื, ื™"ื‘) ืžื‘ืืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”:

ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืชื‘ืืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ื’ืœื” ื•ื ืกืชืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”. ื”ื ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื”ื ืกืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืžื”ื ื’ืœื”, ื•ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ืกืชืจ ื ืชืขื‘ื” ื•ื ืชื’ืฉื ื•ื–ื”ื• ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื•. ื•ื›ืžืืžืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›"ื”, ื™"ื): "ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื•", ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืชืงืจื‘ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืœื–ื”ื‘, ืจืง ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื” ืคื—ื•ืชื” ืžืžื ื•, ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื’ืœื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ื ืกืชืจ. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืืžืจ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–"ืœ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืกื•ื›ื” (ื›"ื—, ื'): "ืืžืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื›ืื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื ื™ื— ืžืงืจื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ, ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ืžืจื›ื‘ื”, ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื". ื•ืชื™ืžื, ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื•ื™ืชื“ ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื• ื™ืงืจืื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸโ€ฆ ื•ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื” ื”ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืคืœืคื•ืœื™ื ืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“, ืฉื”ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืขืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘, ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ืŸ, ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžืฆื•ืช "ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื ื”ืื“ื ื•ื—ื™ ื‘ื”ื", ืืฉืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื–ื” ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื•ื ื›ืš, ืฉื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื ืžืžืฉ. ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ืช ืฉื›ืจื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืชื ื•ืœืžื—ืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจื ืžืžืฉ, ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื™ ืจืง ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืžืžืฉ ื›ื“ืคื™ืจืฉืชื™, ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื”. ื›ืžื• ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื ืจืื” ืœืžื˜ื” ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื“, ื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืชื ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ, ืืžื ื ืฉืจืฉื ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื ืฆื—ื™ื™. ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื›ืžื• ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ื” ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ืžืžื ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืœืช. ื”ืจื™ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื ื’ืœื” ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืฉื” ื”ืื“ื, ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื ืกืชืจ, ืกื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื•ืœื ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื• ืžืขืฉื” ืžืจื›ื‘ื”โ€ฆ

ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืžืขืฉื” ืžืจื›ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื ืฉื ื™ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ืืœื ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื™ืŸ. ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืคืฉื˜, ืžืชืขื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืชื’ืฉืžื™ื, ืžืชืœื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื•ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื›ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช, ื›ื”ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื. ื”ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื "ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ", ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉื•ืจืฉื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืื›ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ. ื›ืฉื ืฉื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื ืจืื” ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืงื˜ืŸ, ื›ืš ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื ืฉื’ื‘ื™ื ื ืจืื™ื ืœืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืžื’ื•ืฉืžื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื–ื”ื• ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ (ื—"ื’, ื‘ื”ืขืœื•ืชืš, ืงื "ื‘ ืข"ื‘, ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื) ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”:

ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืืžืจ, ืื•ื™ ืœืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืื” ืœืกืคืจ ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช, ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜. ื›ื™ ืื ื›ืŸ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชื•ืจื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืคื™ื ืžื”ื, ื•ืื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ื›ืŸ, ื ืœืš ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืžื”ื ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ. ืืœื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื.
ื‘ื•ื ื•ืจืื”, ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ืื—ื“ ื ืฉืงืœื•, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžื˜ื” (ื›ื ื’ื“) ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื”. ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื: "ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืœืื›ื™ื• ืจื•ื—ื•ืช", ื•ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืชืœื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืœื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื ืกื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื. ื•ืื ื‘ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื›ืš, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื•ืืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื”, ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื“ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชืœื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืืœื• ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžื™ ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืจื” ืžืžืฉ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, ืชื™ืคื— ืจื•ื—ื•, ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื—ืœืง ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื. ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“: "ื’ืœ ืขื™ื ื™ ื•ืื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจืชืš", ืžื” ืฉืžืชื—ืช ืœื‘ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ื‘ื ื•ืจืื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื ืจืื” ืœื›ืœ, ื•ืืœื• ื”ื˜ืคืฉื™ื ื›ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืื“ื ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืคื”, ืฉื ืจืื” ืœื”ื ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉื•, ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื ื›ืžื• ื ืฉืžืชื•. ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื ืงืจืื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื™ ืชื•ืจื”. ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื–ื” ืžืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”. ื”ื˜ืคืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืืœื ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืคื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืื™ื ื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืชื—ืช ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ื. ืืœื• ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื™ื ื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืืœื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื—ืช ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ื. ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืื•ืชื ืฉืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ืื™ื ื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืืœื ื‘ื ืฉืžื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื›ืœ, ืชื•ืจื” ืžืžืฉ. ื•ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ืื•ื™ ืœืืœื• ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื”ื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืืฉืจื™ื”ื ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืจืื•ื™. ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืืœื ื‘ื›ื“, ื›ืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืืœื ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื–ื”. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืืœื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืชื—ืช ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื.

ื”ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืชื ื”ื•ื ื ืคื’ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช โ€“ ื‘ืื• ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื–ื” ืคืฉื˜ื ื”ื ื’ืœื”, ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื›ื•ืœื” ื ืกืชืจ, ื›ื•ืœื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช.
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื”ื’ืžืจื:

ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื”ืืžื•ืจืื™ื, ื›ืœ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืกื“ืจื• ืื•ืชื• (ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืคื ื—ืก ืจืž"ื“ ืข"ื‘).

ืืฃ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ื”ื. ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืกืคืจ "ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื•ืช":

ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืžืจื•ืžื, ืชืฉื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœื ืœืขื™ืœื, ื•ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืŸ ืจืง ืœื‘ื•ืฉ, ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ืฉื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“. ื•ืื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืืžื•ืจืื™ื ื›ืŸ, ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื ืขืœื™ื ื•ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ื•ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืžื” ืคื ื™ื ืœืคืจืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื•ื”ืคืš ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืคืš ื‘ื” ื“ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื”โ€ฆ ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช, ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืกื•ื“โ€ฆ

ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื”ื ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืœืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื.
ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืจื, ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืกืคื•ืจ, ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“ "ื”ื ืกืชืจ ื•ื”ื ื’ืœื”", "ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื”ืื’ื“ื”", ื•ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืื—ืช. ื ื‘ื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืžื–ืขื™ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.

ื›ื™ ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืžื—ื™ืฆื” ืื—ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื” ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืคืชื— ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื•ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ื”ื™ื: ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื•ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื”โ€ฆ (ืื’ืจื•ืช ืจืื™"ื” ื', ืื’ืจืช ืง"ื’).
ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืคืœืคื•ืœ ื•ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื”, ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื• ืžืขืฆื ืขื•ืžืง ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ืคืฅ ืื“ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ื ื™ืชืขืœื” ืฉืžื•, ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ื•ืžื ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ื”ืœื›ื”, ื‘ืกืขื™ืคื™ื” ื•ืกืขื™ืคื™ ืกืขื™ืคื™ื”, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื›ื ืชื™ื ืชื ืžืกื™ื ื™โ€ฆ (ืื’ืจื•ืช ืจืื™"ื” ื', ืื’ืจืช ืฆ"ื•).
ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื”ืื’ื“ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืœื”ืชืื—ื“ ื–ื• ืขื ื–ื•. ื”ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื™ื—ื“, ืžื•ื›ืจื— ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ืžื” ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืฉื ื›ื ืก ื‘ืื’ื“ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ืœืขื•ืœื ืื—ืจ, ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืคืจื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืชื•ืš ืžื ื•ื—ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ื” ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช. ื”ื ื ื• ืงืจื•ืื™ื ืœืกื•ืœ ืžืกืœื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืืจื—ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื”ืื’ื“ื” ืชืชื—ื‘ืจื ื” ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื™โ€ฆ (ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื' ืขืž' ื›"ื”).

ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืจื‘ื” ืœื‘ืืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ:

ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”, ื™ืฉ ืจื•ืฉื ืœืฉืคืข ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• "ืื•ื™ืจื ื“ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื—ื›ื™ื", ื•ืชืœืžื•ื“ื ื‘ื‘ืœืื” ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ ืœื”ื•, ื•ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืื’ื“ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืฉืจืฉื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืคืขืœื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื‘ืœ, ืฉืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื ื‘ื•ืื”, ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืงื˜ืŸ (ื›"ื”) "ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืฉืชืฉืจื” ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ืืœื ืฉื‘ื‘ืœ ื’ืจืžื” ืœื•"โ€ฆ (ืื’ืจื•ืช ืจืื™"ื” ื', ืื’ืจืช ืง"ื’).
ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื ืฉื’ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืชื•ืจืช ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ. ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืคืข ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืžืชืคืจืฅ ืœื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื”, ื•ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื›ืœืœื™, ื”ืฉื•ืคืข ื‘ื ื•ืขื ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชืคืฉื˜, ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช, ื”ื›ืœ ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื”. ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ. ืจื•ื— ื›ืœืœื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืื•ืฃ ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ ื˜ืžื ื•ืขืœ ืื“ืžื” ื˜ืžืื”. ืืœื ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ ื•ืคืจื˜ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืขืœื” ืื™ื–ื” ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ, ืื™ื–ื• ื”ืืจื”, ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืืœ ืจื•ื— ืืœืงื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืžื• ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื. "ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื–ื” ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ื–ื” ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™" (ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืจื•ืช). ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืžืื™ืจื” ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ืขืœ ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื’ื ืขืœ ืกื“ืจื™ื•, ื’ื ืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืกื’ื•ืœืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ื’ื ืขืœ ืขืฆื ืชื›ื ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ืจื•ืช, ื”ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื—ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืคืœืคื•ืœื™ื (ืื’ืจื•ืช ืจืื™"ื” ื' ืื’ืจืช ืฆ"ื•).

ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื”ืื’ื“ื” โ€“ ื”ื ื’ืœื” ื•ื”ื ืกืชืจ โ€“ ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ืจื—ื‘ื”. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื–ื• ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•, ื•ื”ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืœืœ ื–ื”.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *