ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื™ืดื’ ื‘ืื“ืจ ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
01/03/1980

ื”ื›ืœืœ: ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืื™ื ื ื• ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืืœื ืกื“ืจ ืจื•ื—ื ื™.

ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžืœ"ื‘ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืฉืœ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”:

ืœื. ืžืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ. ืœื‘. ืžืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช.

ื. ื‘ืชื ื—ื•ืžื (ืชืจื•ืžื”, ื—') ืžื•ื‘ื:

"ื•ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืฉื›ื ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื". ืื™ืžืชื™ ื ืืžืจ ืœืžืฉื” ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื›ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆืžื•, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขื’ืœ. ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจ' ืฉืœื•ื: ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื”'): "ื ืขื• ืžืขื’ืœื•ืชื™ื” ืœื ืชื“ืข", ืžื˜ื•ืœื˜ืœื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืคืจืฉื•ืชื™ื”. ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ืืžืจ ืœืžืฉื” "ื•ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืžืงื“ืฉ".

ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื›ืš ืฉืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื.
ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ื‘ื• ืžื•ื‘ื ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ืžืฉืœื™ ื”', ื'-ื™'):

ื‘ึผึฐื ึดื™ ืœึฐื—ึธื›ึฐืžึธืชึดื™ ื”ึทืงึฐืฉืึดื™ื‘ึธื” ืœึดืชึฐื‘ื•ึผื ึธืชึดื™ ื”ึทื˜ ืึธื–ึฐื ึถืšึธ.
ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจ ืžึฐื–ึดืžึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื“ึทืขึทืช ืฉื‚ึฐืคึธืชึถื™ืšึธ ื™ึดื ึฐืฆึนืจื•ึผ.
ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึนืคึถืช ืชึผึดื˜ึผึนืคึฐื ึธื” ืฉื‚ึดืคึฐืชึตื™ ื–ึธืจึธื” ื•ึฐื—ึธืœึธืง ืžึดืฉึผืึถืžึถืŸ ื—ึดื›ึผึธื”ึผ.
ื•ึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืชึธื”ึผ ืžึธืจึธื” ื›ึทืœึผึทืขึฒื ึธื” ื—ึทื“ึผึธื” ื›ึผึฐื—ึถืจึถื‘ ืคึผึดื™ึผื•ึนืช.
ืจึทื’ึฐืœึถื™ื”ึธ ื™ึนืจึฐื“ื•ึนืช ืžึธื•ึถืช ืฉืึฐืื•ึนืœ ืฆึฐืขึธื“ึถื™ื”ึธ ื™ึดืชึฐืžึนื›ื•ึผ.
ืึนืจึทื— ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ืคึผึถืŸ ืชึผึฐืคึทืœึผึตืก ื ึธืขื•ึผ ืžึทืขึฐื’ึผึฐืœึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ ืœึนื ืชึตื“ึธืข.
ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื” ื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึผ ืœึดื™ ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึธืกื•ึผืจื•ึผ ืžึตืึดืžึฐืจึตื™ ืคึดื™.
ื”ึทืจึฐื—ึตืง ืžึตืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ื“ึทืจึฐื›ึผึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึดืงึฐืจึทื‘ ืึถืœ ืคึผึถืชึทื— ื‘ึผึตื™ืชึธื”ึผ.
ืคึผึถืŸ ืชึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ืœึทืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื ื”ื•ึนื“ึถืšึธ ื•ึผืฉืึฐื ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ ืœึฐืึทื›ึฐื–ึธืจึดื™.
ืคึผึถืŸ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐื‘ึผึฐืขื•ึผ ื–ึธืจึดื™ื ื›ึผึนื—ึถืšึธ ื•ึทืขึฒืฆึธื‘ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื ึธื›ึฐืจึดื™.

ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื• ืžื•ื‘ื ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืืฉื” ื–ืจื”, ืืฉืจ "ื ืขื• ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื”" โ€“ ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ืจื” ืกื’ื•ืจื” ื‘ื” ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื ืคืœ ื‘ื—ื˜ื, ืขื“ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื”ื•ื ืœืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืืช ืžืžื ื•.
ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ืžืœืžื“ ื›ื™ "ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”". ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉื‘ื” ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืžืœืžื“, ื›ื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืžืฆื ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ".
ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœืคืกื•ืง ืžื‘ืืจ:

ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืคืŸ ืชืคืœืก โ€“ ื›ืš ื“ืจืฉื•ื”ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: ืกืœืกืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืชืŸ ืฉื›ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืคื™ืจืฉืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืจืื” ืื“ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉืžืชืŸ ืฉื›ืจื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื” ื•ื™ื ื™ื— ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ื ื•: ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชืคืœืก ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ ื–ื• ืœื™ืงื— ื•ืื™ ื–ื• ืœื”ื ื™ื—, ืœื›ืš "ื ืขื• ืžืขื’ืœื•ืชื™ื”", ื”ื ื™ืข ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื. ื–ื”ื• ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื’ื“ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžืงืจืื•ืช ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื•, "ื”ืจื—ืง ืžืขืœื™ื” ื“ืจื›ืš", ื ืจืื” ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืืฉื” ื”ื–ื•ื ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ: "ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืคืŸ ืชืคืœืก", ืืœ ืชืฉืงื•ืœ ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืืฆืœ ืื•ืชื” ื–ืจื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืื™ื–ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื• ืื• ื–ื•, ื›ื™ ืžืขื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ื•ื ื” ื ืขื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืœื ืชื“ืข ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ืชื ื•ืข ื•ืชืคื•ืœ.

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืจืฉืช ื—ื–"ืœ, ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืฉื›ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืืคื•ื, ืžื“ื•ืข ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืืฉื” ื–ืจื”1.
ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื ืžืกื•ื“ืจ โ€“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชื ื”ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื˜ื‘ืข, ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืงื™ื, ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกื“ืจืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืกื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื”ืžืชื ื”ืœืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืกื“ืจื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื. ืžื›ืืŸ ื ื•ื‘ืข ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœืืฉื” ื–ืจื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกื˜ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื–ื”ื• ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ โ€“ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”.
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืื ื›ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื‘ื ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืฉ"ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”", ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ2.
ื ืจืื”, ืฉื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืืŸ ืžืœืžื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื•, ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœืกื“ืจ. ื™ืฉ ืกื“ืจ ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉืื“ื ืžื•ืจื’ืœ ืืœื™ื•. ืœืžืจืื” ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช, ืืš ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื, ืฉื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื ืชื ื• ื•ืžื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืืœื™ื”.
ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืœืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”. ืื•ืœื, ืžืงื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื, ื•ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื. ื–ื”ื• ืกื“ืจ ืืœื•ืงื™, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื•.
ื”ืžืœื‘ื™"ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืคืกื•ืง ื›ื•ืชื‘:

โ€ฆื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื” ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ืชืืžืจ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืœื‘ืจืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ืคืช, ื›ื™ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืชื ื•ืข ื ืคืฉืš ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืœื ืชืžืฆื ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”.

ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”. ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™. ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืจื—ื•ืง ื•ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ, ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™.
ืžืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืœืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ, ืืš ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืกื“ืจ โ€“ ืกื“ืจ ืืœื•ืงื™ ืจื•ื—ื ื™.
"ื ืขื• ืžืขื’ืœื•ืชื™ื” ืœื ืชื“ืข" โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืกื“ืจ ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ืืœื ืกื“ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืื—ืจ, ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™.
ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ื’ื ืœืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื ื”ื•ื‘ื ื”ืคืกื•ืง. ื”ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืืฉื” ื–ืจื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื›ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœืจื“ืช ืœืขื•ืžืงื ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืœืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ื”ืžืœืื” ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช. ืืฃ ืื ื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืชืš ื ืจืื” ืœืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื“ืจ โ€“ ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืชืš ื•ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืชืš. ื”ื ื•ืคืœ ื‘ืจืฉืชื” ืฉืœ ืืฉื” ื–ืจื” โ€“ ืžืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžื›ืš.

ื‘. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช "ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”" ืขื•ืœื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืž"ืข ืžืคืื ื• (ืžืืžืจ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื—"ื‘ ืค"ื“):

ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืืจื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื›ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืฆืžื”, ืชื•ื›ื” ื•ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื” ืžืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืกืชืจื™ื”, ื“ืืชืžืจ ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืจื” ืงื“ื•ืžื” ื•ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ื“ื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ โ€“ ืœื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžืื•ื—ืจืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื• ืžืื•ืžื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืขืชื™ื“.

ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช. ื›ืฉื ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ, ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.
ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžืขืœ ืœื–ืžืŸ. ืืฃ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื–ืžืŸ ื•ืžืชืืจืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• โ€“ ืขื™ืงืจื” ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืขื‘ืจ, ื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ืขืชื™ื“.
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื, ืืœื ืกื“ืจ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉืžืขืœ ืœื–ืžืŸ.

ื’. ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉืคืช ืืžืช (ื ืฉื, ืชืจื "ื”):

ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ "ื™ืงืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ื ื™ื", ืžื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืœืคื ื™ื, ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืงื•ื“ื ืข"ืฉ. ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื“ืจ ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืฉืœื•ื. ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืชื•ืจืช ื”' ืชืžื™ืžื”". ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืชืžื™ืžื” ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช. ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืืœืงื™ ืื—ื“.

ืขื•ืœืžื ื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื ืžืคื•ืจื“. ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื•, ื•ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ. ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื ืคืจื“ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื. ื›ืš ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช.
ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืžืœืžื“ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื. ืžืฉืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื”, ืœืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช, ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื. ื›ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื•ืกื•ืคื™, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช. ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืœืžื“ ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืฉ "ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ" ืžืŸ ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืฃ. ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื, ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืื“ื. ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื ืกื•ืคื™, ืืš ื‘ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื โ€“ ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื. ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื โ€“ ื™ืฉ ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืžืŸ ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืฃ. ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ืืฃ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื ืฉืžืชื• ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืžืื—ื“ืช ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื. ื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืื—ืช, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœืื“ื.
ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื, ืื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื‘ื”' ืื—ื“, ื•ืžืฉื ื™ืฆืื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืคืจื“ื•. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ "ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื ื” ื•ื ืคืฉ ืขื“ื™ื ื ืืžื ื™ื ื”ื ืขืœ ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”" (ื›ื•ื–ืจื™ ืžืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ื›"ื”, ื‘ืฉื ืกืคืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจื”), ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” โ€“ ื”ืžืงื•ื, ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ืžืœืžื“ืช ื›ื™ ืฉื•ืจืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“.
ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื”', ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื, ืฉืืฃ ื›ื™ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืคืกื•ืงื™ื, ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ื•ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื” โ€“ ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”. ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ืงื•ืฉืจ ืื•ืชื” ืืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื ื•ื–ื” ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”.
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจืฉื™ื” ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืื• ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžืžื ื•.


1 ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืงื“ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื’ื“ื” ืœื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžืงืจืื•ืช, ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืกื•ืง, ื•ืจืง ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื ื•ื‘ืข ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™.
2 ื’ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™, ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื”ืคืกื•ืง ืœืžื“ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ืฉื›ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *