ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื›ืจืชื•ืช (ื”' ืข"ื) ื•ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” (ื™"ื ืข"ื‘)- ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื”ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
18/07/1980

ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืชื ื™ื™ื ื โ€“ ืœืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืงืžื ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืืŸ

ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช (ื”' ืข"ื), ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืจื‘ืขื” ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ:

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื ืื™: ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืชื”ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืงืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืคื™ื’ื•ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื’ื•ืคื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ืœื™ืžื“ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืœื ืžื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”, ื“ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืชื ื™ ื–ื‘ื“ื ื‘ืจ ืœื•ื™: ื ืืžืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ: "ื•ืื•ื›ืœื™ื• ืขื•ื ื• ื™ืฉื", ื•ื ืืžืจ ื›ืืŸ: "ื•ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืื•ื›ืœืช ืžืžื ื• ืขื•ื ื” ืชืฉื", ืžื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ืจืช ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื›ืจืช.
ืืžืจ ืจ' ืกื™ืžืื™: ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืชื”ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืงืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื ื•ืชืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื’ื•ืคื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ืœื™ืžื“ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืœื ืžื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”, ืžืื™ ื”ื™ื, ื™ืœื™ืฃ ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉ, "ื•ืื•ื›ืœื™ื• ืขื•ื ื• ื™ืฉื ื›ื™ ืืช ืงื“ืฉ ื”' ื—ืœืœ", ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘: "ื•ืฉืจืคืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืฉ ื›ื™ ืงื“ืฉ ื•ื’ื•'".
ืืžืจ ืื‘ื™ื™: ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืชื”ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืงืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืชื• ืžืื ื•ืกืชื• ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ืœื™ืžื“ื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืœื ืžื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”, ื“ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื“ื™ืžื™: ืืชื™ื "ื”ื ื”" "ื”ื ื”" ืœืื™ืกื•ืจื, ืืชื™ื "ื–ืžื”" "ื–ืžื”" ืœืฉืจืคื”.
ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืืฉื™: ืืœ ืชื”ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืงืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš ืฉื”ืจื™ ื ืกืงืœื™ื ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ืœื™ืžื“ื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืœื ืžื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”, ื“ืชื ื™ื ื ืืžืจ ื›ืืŸ "ื“ืžื™ื”ื ื‘ื" ื•ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื“ืขื•ื ื™ "ื“ืžื™ื”ื ื‘ื", ืžื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ืกืงื™ืœื” ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืกืงื™ืœื”.

ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉื•ื” "ื”ื ื” ื”ื ื”" โ€“ ื‘ื‘ืชื• ืžืืฉืชื• ื”ื ืฉื•ืื” ืœื• ื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™"ื—, ื™"ื–):

ืขึถืจึฐื•ึทืช ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึดืชึผึธื”ึผ ืœึนื ืชึฐื’ึทืœึผึตื” ืึถืช ื‘ึผึทืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึผึทืช ื‘ึผึดืชึผึธื”ึผ ืœึนื ืชึดืงึผึทื— ืœึฐื’ึทืœึผื•ึนืช ืขึถืจึฐื•ึธืชึธื”ึผ ืฉืึทืึฒืจึธื” ื”ึตื ึผึธื” ื–ึดืžึผึธื” ื”ึดื•ื.

ื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื‘ืชื• ืžืื ื•ืกืชื• ื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™"ื—, ื™'):

ืขึถืจึฐื•ึทืช ื‘ึผึทืช ื‘ึผึดื ึฐืšึธ ืื•ึน ื‘ึทืช ื‘ึผึดืชึผึฐืšึธ ืœึนื ืชึฐื’ึทืœึผึถื” ืขึถืจึฐื•ึธืชึธืŸ ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึถืจึฐื•ึธืชึฐืšึธ ื”ึตื ึผึธื”.

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื• ืžืืฉืชื• ื”ื ืฉื•ืื” ืœื•, ืœื‘ืชื• ืžืื ื•ืกืชื•.
ื‘ืชื• ืžืืฉืชื• ื”ื ืฉื•ืื” ืœื• ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืืฉืจ ื‘ื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืชื—ืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื” ืคื•ืขืœืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช.
ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืืจืก ืื“ื ืืฉื”. ื”ืื™ืจื•ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืงืฉืจ ื ืฉืžืชื™ ืขืžื•ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื. ื ืคืฉื• ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื ืคืฉื”. ืžืชื•ืš ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืงืฉืจ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ื”ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกืชื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื ืงืฉืจื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื•ื”ืžืขืฉื™.
ื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืื‘ื™ื” (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื', ื‘'): "ืœึฐืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐื—ึนืชึธื ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ืึฒื‘ึนืชึธื". ื›ืš ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื™ื”ื• ื”ืื‘. ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื•ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ืื‘, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ. "ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึธื ืœึฐื‘ึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืœึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึธื ึถื™ืšึธ. ื™ื•ึนื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืžึทื“ึฐืชึผึธ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึนืจึตื‘" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“', ื˜'-ื™').
ื‘ืชื• ืžืื ื•ืกืชื• ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืืฉืจ ื‘ื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช. ื”ืงืฉืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื’ื•ืคื ื™, ื•ืžืžื ื• ื™ืฆืื• ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช. ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื• ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื™ ื”ืื‘, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื™ ื”ืกื‘. ืื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช.
ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉื•ื” "ื”ื ื”" "ื”ื ื”" ืžืฉื•ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืช ื‘ืชื• ืžืื ื•ืกืชื• ืœื‘ืชื• ืžืืฉืชื• ื”ื ืฉื•ืื” ืœื•, ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืฉื’ื ื‘ืื ื•ืกืชื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืชื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืืœื™ื•, ืืฃ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช.
ื”ืฉื•ื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื–ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื” โ€“ ืžื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืœื ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช, ืืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื” โ€“ ืžื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช ืืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช. ื’ื•ื–ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื–ืจื” ื”ืฉื•ื” ืืช ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ื ืฉืžืชื™ ื”ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืœื™ื“ืช ื”ื‘ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ืกื” ืœืื‘ื™ื”.
ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื”ื ื”" ืžืจืžื–ืช ื›ื•ืœื” ืœ"ื ื•ืงื‘ื".
ื”ืื•ืช ื”' ื”ื™ื, ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื”ื ื•ืง', ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืื•ืช ื '. ื ืจืื”, ืฉื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”' ืœื ' ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืื•ืช ื”' ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ื ืคืฉ, ื•ื”ืื•ืช ื ' ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื ื•ืง', ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืงื”ืœืช ื™ืขืงื‘" (ืขืจืš ื '): "ื ื•ืŸ ื›ืคื•ืคื” ื’ื•ืคื ื“ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื•, ื•ืžืจื•ืžื– ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื•ื™ืœืš ืจืค"ื” ืข"ื‘"1.
"ื”ื ื”" ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš โ€“ ืžืื•ืช ื”' ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช, ืืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ืžืžื ื• ืืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช. ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคื•ืš, ืžื”ืกื•ืฃ ืœื”ืชื—ืœื”, ืžื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช ืืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืžืžื ื• ืืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช.
ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉื•ื” "ื”ื ื”" "ื”ื ื”" ื‘ืื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืื•ืช ื”' ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืขื“ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื•ืžืื•ืช ื”' ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืชื• ืžื™ื•ื—ืกืช ืืœื™ื•, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจื” ืœื•.

ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืฉืจืคื” ื ืœืžื“ ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉื•ื” "ื–ื™ืžื”" "ื–ื™ืžื”". ื‘ื‘ืชื• ืžืืฉืชื• ื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™"ื—, ื™"ื–):

ืขึถืจึฐื•ึทืช ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึดืชึผึธื”ึผ ืœึนื ืชึฐื’ึทืœึผึตื” ืึถืช ื‘ึผึทืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึผึทืช ื‘ึผึดืชึผึธื”ึผ ืœึนื ืชึดืงึผึทื— ืœึฐื’ึทืœึผื•ึนืช ืขึถืจึฐื•ึธืชึธื”ึผ ืฉืึทืึฒืจึธื” ื”ึตื ึผึธื” ื–ึดืžึผึธื” ื”ึดื•ื.

ื•ื ืืžืจ "ื–ื™ืžื”" ื‘ืขื•ื ืฉ ืฉืจื™ืคื” (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›', ื™"ื“):

ื•ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดืงึผึทื— ืึถืช ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื•ึฐืึถืช ืึดืžึผึธื”ึผ ื–ึดืžึผึธื” ื”ึดื•ื ื‘ึผึธืึตืฉื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึฐืคื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืชึฐื”ึถืŸ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื–ึดืžึผึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ึฐื›ึถื.

ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื–ื™ืžื”" ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”. "ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื–ึธืžึทื" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™"ื˜, ื™"ื˜). ืืฉื” ื•ื‘ืชื”, ืืฉื” ื•ืืžื”, ืžื—ื•ืœืงื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื”ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืงืฉืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ, ืฉืžืžื ื• ื‘ื ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืขืจื™ื•ืช. ื’ื ื‘ืชื• ืžืื ื•ืกืชื•, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืื” ืœืœื ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื”ื ืฉืžืชื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืืœื™ื• โ€“ ืขืจื•ื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื.
ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ื ืฉืžื”. ืฉืจื™ืคืช ื ืฉืžื” ื•ื’ื•ืฃ ืงื™ื™ื. ืžืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื‘ืื” ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื”, ื•ืžืฉื ื‘ื ื’ื ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ.


1 ืžืงื•ืจื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”' ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ื• ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื• ื”ืชืคืืจืช ื“ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ื ื•ืŸ ื›ืคื•ืคื” ืชืคืืจืช ื“ื ื•ืงื‘ื", ื•ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ืชืคืืจืช ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ืœื’ื•ืคื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื•ืช ื ' ืžืจืžื– ืืœ ื’ื•ืคื ื“ื ื•ืงื‘ื.

 

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *