ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื™ื•ืžื ืข"ื” (ืข"ื‘) โ€“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื”ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
18/07/1980

ื™ื•ืžื ืข"ื” (ืข"ื‘) โ€“ ืข"ื• (ืข"ื):

"ืœื—ื ืื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ" ื–ื” ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉื™ืจื“ ืœื• ืžืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื›ื "ืื™ืฉ" ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืชื "ืงื— ืœืš ืืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ืจื•ื— ื‘ื•" ื•ืื™ืžื ืžืฉื” ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ืžืฉื” ืขื ื• ืžืื“" ื“ื ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืžืื™ืฉ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ื ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืžื•ื”ืื™ืฉ.

ื”ืชืžื™ื”ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืžื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืžืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืืจ:

ื™ืจื“ ืœื• ืžืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ืคื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื›ืคื ื™ ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื”ืื™ ืงืจื ืื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ืจื•ื— ื‘ื• ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืขืœืชื• ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื›ืžื• ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืงืฆืช ืงืฉื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื™ืจื“ ืžืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื•ืœื ืจืง ืžืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ืœื—ื ืื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ".
ื”ืžืฉืš ื—ื›ืžื” ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืคืฉื˜ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืื•ืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜"ื–, ื™'):

ื“ืžืŸ ื™ืจื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืฉื” (ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘'). ื•ื›ืฉืžืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ื–' ืื“ืจ ื ืกืชืคืงื• ืžืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื›ืœื™ื”ื ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืขื“ ืฉืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ, ื•ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœื—, ื โ€“ ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข. ื•ืžืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื” ืœื–ื”? ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืœืžืฉื” ื‘ื”ืจ. ื•ืœื›ืš ืงืืžืจ ื“ื™ืจื“ ืœื• ืžืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืžืœื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืชืคืจื ืกื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ืืฃ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื“ืจืš ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื•ืœื ืžืฉืžืข ื›ืŸ ื‘ื’ืžืจื.
ื ืจืื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืคืจืฉ"ื™, ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืฉื” ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉืžืฉื” ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืฃ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืžืฉื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ืžื” ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ื—ื™' ืœื‘ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ืช ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”1, ื‘ื—ื™' "ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื ื˜ืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•" ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืฉื” ืชื•ืจื” ืžื”ืฉืžื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžืŸ ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื— ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืœื—ื ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ืฉื•ื” "ืื™ืฉ" "ืื™ืฉ" ื‘ืื” ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ืจื•ื— ื‘ื• ืฉื ืกืžืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืœื—ื ืื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืจืฉ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”.
ืœืขืฆื ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื™"ืœ ืฉ"ืื™ืฉ" ื”ื•ื ื‘ืช"ืช ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ืง ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืืจ"ื™2.
ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืฉื” ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืžื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจ, ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชื•ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื‘ืขื•ืžื“ื• ืœืžื˜ื”.
ื’ื ืžืฉื” ื•ื’ื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื ืงืจืื™ื ืื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื’ืž' ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื "ื“ (ืข"ื‘):

ืžืื™ ืื‘ื ื™ ืืœื’ื‘ื™ืฉ ืชื ื ืื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ืื™ืฉ ื•ื™ืจื“ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ืื™ืฉ ืขืžื“ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ืื™ืฉ ื–ื” ืžืฉื” ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ืžืฉื” ืขื ื™ื• ืžืื“ ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื™ื—ื“ืœื• ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืจื“ ื•ืžื˜ืจ ืœื ื ืชืš ืืจืฆื” ื™ืจื“ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ืื™ืฉ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืงื— ืœืš ืืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ืจื•ื— ื‘ื•.

ืขืœ ื–ื” ืืžืจื• ื‘ื–ื”ืจ (ื—"ื’ ืงื "ื‘:) ืฉื›ืฉืขืฉื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืกื— ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื• ื ื˜ืœื• ืกื™ื”ืจื ื•ืฉืžืฉื ื›ื—ื“ื ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ืช ืื™ืฉ ืื™ืฉ (ื›ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืคืกื— ืฉื ื™ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜', ื™') "ืื™ืฉ ืื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืžื ื•ื’ื•'") ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ื•ื ืงืจืื• ืฉืžืฉื ื•ืกื™ื”ืจื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž' ืคื ื™ ืžืฉื” ื›ืคื ื™ ื—ืžื” ื•ืคื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื›ืคื ื™ ืœื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืจ' ืฆื“ื•ืง (ืคืจื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืœืคืกื— ืฉื ื™ ื'):

ื•ื”ื ืžืจื›ื‘ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื™' ื•ืื“ื ' ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื•ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืข"ืค.

ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ืฉื•ื” ื‘ืื”, ืืคื•ื, ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื™ื™ืš ืืช ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืŸ ืœืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข. ืฉืจืฉ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™' "ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื ื˜ืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•", ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืื›ื™ืœืช ืžึทืŸ ืžึดืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื. ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืืฃ ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื›ื•ื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื. ืžืŸ ื•ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉื•ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉื›ืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ.
ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื™' ืื›ื™ืœืช "ืžื•ืฆื ืคื™ ื”'" ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื™ื—ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืจืฉ ืœืชื•ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืชื•ืจืช ืืžืช.


1 ืขื™' ืฉืคืช ืืžืช ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืฉืžื˜ื•ืช:
"ื“ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื™ืชื” ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”".
ื•ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื–' ืื“ืจ:
"ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืจ ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ืง ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”".
ื•ืขื™' ืคืจื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืœืคืกื— ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืช ื':
"ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ืจื•ื— ื‘ื• ื•ื“ืจืฉื• (ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืจืฉ"ื™) ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืœื•ืš ื ื’ื“ ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• (ื ื“ืจื™ื ื›ื‘ ืข"ื‘) ืืœืžืœื ื—ื˜ืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ื•' ื•ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื ื• ื“ืืจืฅ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื (ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืจืขื™ื ืžื”ื™ืžื ื ืคื ื—ืก ืจืž"ื’ ื‘) ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืคื” ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ ื–ื” ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ืชื™ื™ืกื“ ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืจืจ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืœื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืฉ ื•ื’ื•' ืฉื™ืฉื™ื’ ืื– ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื ืชืช ืžื”ื•ื“ืš"
2 ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื‘ื’"ืฉ: "ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืชืงื‘ืœ ืžืชืคืืจืช ืฉื‘ืชืคืืจืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืงื• ื”ืฉื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืกื“ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื•ืื– ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื•ื–ื’, ืœื ืจื—ืžื™ื ื’ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ืืœื ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื, ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชืคืืจืช".

 

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *