ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืข"ื— (ืข"ื‘) โ€“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื”ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
18/07/1980

ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืข"ื— (ืข"ื‘):

ืžืฉื ื” ืžืžื–ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื ืชื™ื ื™ืŸ ืืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ืกื•ืจืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืื—ื“ ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ื ืงื‘ื•ืช.
ื’ืžืจื ืืžืจ ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืžืžื–ืจืช ืœืื—ืจ ืขืฉืจื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจืช ื™ืœื™ืฃ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืžืขืžื•ื ื™ ื•ืžื•ืื‘ื™ ืžื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ื ืงื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื ืงื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื™ ืžื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžื™ื“ ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ืžื™ื“ ื›ื™ ืื”ื ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื•ืื™ืœืš ื•ื”ืื ืŸ ืชื ืŸ ืžืžื–ืจื™ื ื•ื ืชื™ื ื™ืŸ ืืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ืกื•ืจืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืื—ื“ ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ื ืงื‘ื•ืช ืœื ืงืฉื™ื ื”ื ื›ืžืืŸ ื“ืืžืจ ื“ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื” ื•ืžื™ื ื” ื”ื ื›ืžืืŸ ื“ืืžืจ ื“ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื” ื•ืื•ืงื™ ื‘ืืชืจื.

ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืค"ื“ ื”"ื:

ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจ ืื—ื ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืืฉื™ื” ื“ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื‘ืžืžื–ืจ ื›ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ื“ืœื ื“ืจื™ืฉ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืขืฉื™ืจื™.
ืชื ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื‘ืžืžื–ืจ ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช.
ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื•ืŸ ืืชื™ื ื“ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื›ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ. ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืืžืจ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ืืช. ื›ืŸ ืจ' ืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ื™ ืจ"ืฉ ืืžืจ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ืืช ืžื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช. ืืฃ ื”ื›ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช. ืžืขืชื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ื“? ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื•ืœืžืขืœื”!

ื ื—ืœืงื• ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื ื• ืื ื™ืœื™ืฃ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืื• ืœื.
ืœืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”, ืžืžื–ืจ ืžื•ืชืจ ืื—ืจ ื“ื•ืจ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื’, ื’'):

ืœื ื™ื‘ื ืžืžื–ืจ ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื”' ื’ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื• ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื”'.

ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืื—ืจ ื“ื•ืจ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื• ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื”'.
ืื‘ืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืœื•ืžื“ ื’"ืฉ ืžืขืžื•ื ื™ ื•ืžื•ืื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ื ื ืืžืจ (ืฉื, ืฉื ื‘'):

ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืžื•ื ื™ ื•ืžื•ืื‘ื™ ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื”' ื’ื ื“ื•ืจ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื”ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื”' ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื.

ื›ืฉื ืฉืขืžื•ื ื™ ื•ืžื•ืื‘ื™ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”ื ื“ื•ืจ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื•ื ืืžืจ ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื ื›ืš ืžืžื–ืจ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• ื“ื•ืจ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• "ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื".
ื•ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืœืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื ืœืžื“ ื‘"ื“ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื” ื•ืžื™ื ื”" ื•ื–ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ "ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืืช" ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื•ืžื“ืช ืžื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ.
ื•ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื” ืฉื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ื’"ืฉ ื•ื“ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื” ื•ืื•ืงื™ ื‘ืืชืจื, ื•ืœืคื™ื” ืืฃ ื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื“ื•ืจ ืขืฉื™ืจื™1.
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืžื–ืจ ื”ืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื ื ืœืžื“ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”.
ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืชืคืืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื•ืžื™ืชื•ืง (ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื ืœื’"ืฉ) ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›ืืŸ ื›ื•ืœื• ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืจื™ื—ื•ืง (ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืž"ื“ ืฉืืฃ ื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื).
ื ืจืื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืขืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืื‘ ืžืงื”ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ืžืจืช (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื’, ื•'):

ื•ืœื ืื‘ื” ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืœืฉืžืข ืืœ ื‘ืœืขื ื•ื™ื”ืคืš ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืœืš ืืช ื”ืงืœืœื” ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ื›ื™ ืื”ื‘ืš ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš.

ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืชืžื”ื• ืžื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืœืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืช ืืžืช:

ื•ืงืฉื” ืžื” ืขื ื™ืŸ "ื•ืœื ืื‘ื”" ืœืจื—ืงื•ืช ืขืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืื‘?

ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืจืžื–ื” ืœื ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืืฃ ืขืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืื‘ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™' ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ืขืฆื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฆืื” ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืžืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™' ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืชื”ืคืš ื”ื›ืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
ืขื™' ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืจื•ื2 ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื—ืจื•ืฅ"3.
ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฉืžื, ืฉื–ืืช ืจืžื–ื” ืœื ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืฉืืฃ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ื—ื™' ืฉื™ืชื”ืคืš ื”ื›ืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื.
ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืžื– ื›ืืŸ ืฉืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืžืžื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื˜ื”ืจ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž' ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืง ื’':

ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืžืžื–ืจื™ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•) ื•ื–ืจืงืชื™ ืขืœื™ื›ื ืžื™ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื•'.

ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื ืคืกืงื” ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ืจืžื– ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืชื•ืง ื’ื ื‘ืžืžื–ืจื™ื ื•ืืคื™' ื‘ืขืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืื‘.


1 ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉืžื‘ืืจ ืœืž"ื“ ื“ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื” ื•ืื•ืงื™ ื‘ืืชืจื, ืฉื ืงื‘ื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื, ืžื“ื•ืข ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื“ื•ืจ ืขืฉื™ืจื™. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืื‘ ื•ืขืžื•ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื ื–ื›ืจ ื“ื•ืจ ืขืฉื™ืจื™. ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื’ืž' ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ (ืฆ"ื“ ืข"ื) ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ื’ืจ ืขื“ ื“ื•ืจ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื‘ื–ื™ื ืืจืžืื™ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•. ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืื—ืจ ื“ื•ืจ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืฉื›ื— ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื•ื–ื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื“ื•ืžื” ืœืกืคืจื” ื”ืขืฉืจื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืื—ืจ ืขืฉืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืกืคื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืžื”ืœืš ื–ื”.
2 ืกืคืจ ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืจื•ื ื—"ื โ€“ ืฉืžื™ื” ื“ืขืชื™ืงื ืกืชื™ื ืžื›ื•ืœื: "ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื™ืชื’ืœื’ืœื• ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืขืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืื‘, ืขื“ ืฉืชืฆืื ื” ืจื•ืช ื•ื ืขืžื™, ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™. ื›ื™ ืœื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ื“ ืืœื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืจืข ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื˜ื•ื‘".
3 ืกืคืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื—ืจื•ืฅ โ€“ ืื•ืช ื™ื˜: "ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื• ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ื "ื, ื™'), ื•ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื™ื“ื ืื™ืœื• ื–ื›ื” ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ืขื ื‘ื• ื˜ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ื, ืฉืืžืจื• ื–"ืœ (ืฉื ืž"ื, ื“') ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืฆืืชื™ื• ื‘ืกื“ื•ื, ื›ื™ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื ืืžืจ ื“ื’ื ืกื“ื•ื ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื ื” ืœืงื“ืžื•ืชืŸ".

 

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *