ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืœืืŸ ืืชื” ืจืฅ?

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื›ืดื– ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื’
 
30/01/2003

ืœืืŸ ืืชื” ืจืฅ?

ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื1 ื“ืจืฉื• ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื• ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื:

ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื—ืžื•ืฆื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื• (=ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ) ื›ื“ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืจ ืงืคืจื ืžื ื ื”ื ืžื™ืœืชื ื“ืืžืจื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื”ื•ื• ืžืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ืœื ืชืขืœื” ื‘ืžืขืœื•ืช' ื•ืกืžื™ืš ืœื™ื” 'ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื', ื•ืชื ื 'ืืฉืจ ืœื ืชื’ืœื” ืขืจื•ืชืš' ื•ื›ื™ ืขืจื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืžื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื•ื”ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืืžืจ 'ื•ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื ืžื›ื ืกื™ ื‘ื“' ืืœื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืคืกืขื• ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ื’ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื›ืš ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืคืกื™ืขื• ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ื’ืกื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ, ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ืืฉืจื• ื—ืžื•ืฅ' ืืฉืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืฅ ืืช ื“ื™ื ื•.

ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ืŸ ืœืคืกื•ืข ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ื’ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืžื”ื• ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื "ื”ื•ื• ืžืชื•ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ".
ื ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื ืืกืจื” ื‘ื• ืคืกื™ืขื” ื’ืกื” โ€“ ื”ืฉื‘ืช2:

ืžืขืฉื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ืš ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ืš ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ืš ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœโ€ฆ ื‘ืฉืœืžื ื›ื•ืœื”ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ ืืœื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ืš ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ืš ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœ ืžืื™ ื”ื™ืโ€ฆ ืืœื ื›ื“ื‘ืขื ืžื™ื ื™ื” ืจื‘ื™ ืžืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ืžื”ื• ืœืคืกื•ืข ืคืกื™ืขื” ื’ืกื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืืžืจ ืœื• ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ืžื™ ื”ื•ืชืจื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืคืกื™ืขื” ื’ืกื” ื ื•ื˜ืœืช ืื—ื“ ืžื—ืžืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืžืžืื•ืจ ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื•ืžื”ื“ืจ ืœื™ื” ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื ื“ื‘ื™ ืฉืžืฉื™.

ืœืžืกืงื ืช ื”ื’ืž', ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืคืกืง ื”ืจืžื‘"ื3, ืื™ืŸ ืœืคืกื•ืข ืคืกื™ืขื” ื’ืกื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ืœื•ืš ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœ.
ืžื”ื• ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœืคืกื•ืข ืคืกื™ืขื” ื’ืกื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ืช?
ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืช?

ืžื“ื•ืข ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ? ื ืจืื”, ืฉืžื™ืœืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื‘ื”. ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื ืœืžื”ืจ ืœื—ืจื•ืฅ ื“ื™ืŸ. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืœื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืœื™ื‘ื.
ืฉืœื ืœืคืกื•ืข ืคืกื™ืขื” ื’ืกื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, ืื ื›ืŸ, ืฉืœื ืœืžื”ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืืœื ืœืคืกื•ืข ื‘ื ื—ืช, ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
ืขืœ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœืคืกื•ืข ื‘ื ื—ืช ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืœื ืœืžื”ืจ "ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจื›ื•". ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืขืจืš ืขืฆืžื™ ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื™ืขื“, ืื™ื ื ื• ืจืง ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื, ืืœื ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื’ื ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš.
ืื“ื ื”ืคื•ืกืข ืคืกื™ืขื” ื’ืกื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช โ€“ "ืื™ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื˜ืจื™ื“ ืœืžื™ืคืœื˜ ืœื ื‘ืœืข" โ€“ ื›ืœื™ ืฉืคื•ืœื˜ ืืช ืฉื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื•, ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ืœืข, ื•ืื“ื ืฉืคื•ืกืข ืคืกื™ืขื” ื’ืกื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื™ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื, ื˜ืจื•ื“ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืคื ื” ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ืœืงื‘ืœื”.
ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื” ื•ืœื”ืชืžื–ื’ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” โ€“ ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ โ€“ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืŸ, ืœืคืกื•ืข ื‘ื ื—ืช.
ื”ืคืกื™ืขื” ื”ื’ืกื” ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืื“ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ืจื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื’ืขืชื• ืืœ ื”ื™ืขื“, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ โ€“ ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ โ€“ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืคืกื•ืง ื“ื™ืŸ ืืžืช ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืชืคืจืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ.

ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื›ืœื” ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™: "ื”ื•ื• ืžืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ"4:

ื”ื•ื™ ื“ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ืš ืขื“ ืฉืœื ืชื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžืคื™ืš, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืขืฉื™ืš ืœื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื›ืจ ืœืคืกื™ืขื•ืชื™ืš, ื•ื”ืฆื“ืง ืœืขื•ืœื ืขืœื™ืš ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ืฆื ืขืฆืžืš ืžืŸ ื”ืชืจืขื•ืžืช, ื•ื“ืŸ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืš ืœื›ืฃ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืืœ ืชื›ืจื™ืขื”ื• ืœื›ืฃ ื—ื•ื‘ื”.

ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื–ื” ืจื•ืื™ื ืงืฉืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ "ืชืŸ ืฉื›ืจ ืœืคืกื™ืขื•ืชื™ืš", ืœื‘ื™ืŸ "ื•ื“ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจืš".
ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ื•ืœืชืช ืฉื›ืจ ืœืคืกื™ืขื•ืชื™ื• โ€“ ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื›ืฃ ื–ื›ื•ืช.
ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื ืจืื” ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื‘ืžืก' ื›ืœื” ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ "ื”ื•ื• ืžืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ", ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžืชื™ื ื•ืช โ€“ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื, ื‘ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ืš.
ื ืจืื”, ืื ื›ืŸ, ืฉื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืคืกื•ืข ืคืกื™ืขื” ื’ืกื” ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ, ืฉืœ "ื”ื•ื• ืžืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ", ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื•ืœื ืจืง ืœื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื›ืฃ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžืชื™ื ื•ืช โ€“ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื•ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื, ืฉื›ืœ ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•. ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจืš, ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื” ืืชื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื—ืจื™ืฆืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“, ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืžื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ืืžืช.
ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™: "ืืœ ืชื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจืš ืขื“ ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ืžื•". ืืœ ืชืžื”ืจ ืœื—ืจื•ืฅ ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื–ื•ืœืชืš, ื ืกื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ืžื• โ€“ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืจืื•ื™.
"ื”ื•ื• ืžืชื•ื ื™ื" โ€“ ืชืžื™ื“, ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ืื ื• "ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ" โ€“ ืื ื• ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืืช ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื5.


1 ืกื™ืžืŸ ื•'.
2 ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™"ื’ ืข"ื.
3 ื”ืœ' ืฉื‘ืช ืคื›"ื“ ื”"ื“.
4 ืžืกื›ืช ื›ืœื” ืจื‘ืชื™ ืคืจืง ื—ืžื™ืฉื™.
5 ื•ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžืขืœื•ืช ื ืืžืจ: ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืฉ"ืžืขืœื•ืช" ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื "ืžืชื•ื ื™ื".

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *