ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื”ืฆืžืื•ืŸ ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ื•ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืงืจ

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื™ืณ ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื“
 
01/04/2004

ื”ืฆืžืื•ืŸ ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ื•ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืงืจ

ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืคืจืฉืช "ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ" ื”ืคื•ืชื—ืช ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ืฆื•, ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ1:

ืืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœื ืชื›ื‘ื”.

ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื•ื ื” ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ื›ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื‘ืชืจื™"ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช2:

ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื™ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื• ื™ืชืขืœื” 'ืืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—', ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืฆื•ื” ืœื”ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืฉื™ื ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ื‘' ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื‘ืžืก' ืชืžื™ื“. ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืืžืจื• ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืืฉ ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื‘ืืจื• ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื“' ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืฉื ื™ ืžืชืžื™ื“, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืฆื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืฉ ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืฉื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžื–ื‘ื—.

ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื•. ื‘ืฉืจืฉื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช3 ืงื‘ืข ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื”ื›ื ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื” ืื™ื ื” ื ืžื ื™ืช ื›ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”. ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ื”ืืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืžื›ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœื”ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื•ื ื” ืื•ืชื” ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”?
ื ืจืื”, ืฉื”ืฉืืœื” ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ืžื›ืืŸ ื ืœืžื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ืขืฆืžื™ ืœืืฉ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—, ื’ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื”ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช.
ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื?
ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื›ื— ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ (ืœืขื•ืžืช ืื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ). ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืœืคืกื•ืง "ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—", ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื›ื™ื•ืจ4:

ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ืžื•ื›ืจื—ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ. ื™ืกื•ื“ ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืœื”ื™, ืืฉืจ ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืกื“ ืขืœื™ื•. "ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ืื•ืขื“ ืœืš ืฉืžื”". ื•ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืงืจื‘ื”, "ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื“'". ื•ื ืชืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—.

ื”ืืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ืขืฆื ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื”. ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืื• ืœื. ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื— ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื.
ืืžื ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื” ื™ืขืฉื” ืขื ื›ื— ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•, ื‘ืžื” ื™ืจืฆื” ื•ื‘ืžื” ืœื ื™ืจืฆื”. ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื”.
ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืคืกื•ืง "ืืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœื ืชื›ื‘ื”"5:

ืืช ื”ืฆืžืื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื”ื™, ื”ื‘ื•ืขืจ ื•ืกื•ืขืจ ื‘ืฉืœื”ื‘ืช ืขื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช. ืื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ื‘ื” ื’ื—ืœืช ืžืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื’ืฉืžื™, ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืื• ืฉืœ 'ืืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœื ืชื›ื‘ื”', ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื›ื‘ื” ื’ื—ืœืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืžืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื”ืžืœื ื—ื™ื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™.
ืืžื ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜, ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื ืจ ืžืฆื•ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื ื”ืฉืœื”ื‘ืช ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžืชืจื•ืžืžืช, ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ื›ื— ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžืจื•ื ืจืงื™ืขื ืขื“ ืืจืขื™ืช ืชื”ื•ืžื.

ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืขืจ, ื•ื”ืฉืœื”ื‘ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืกืขืจื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืื– ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ืืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืงื“โ€ฆ ืœื ืชื›ื‘ื”". ืืžื ื, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื’ื ืืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜6. ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืขื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืฉื›ืœ ื•ืจื’ืฉ, ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื›ืžื”, ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
ืื•ืœื, ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜. ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืข ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื•ื’ืฉ ืืช ืžื”ื•ืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื˜ืฃ ื–ืจื™ืžืชื. ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื ืคืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื ืžื›ืกื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื™. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขื ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืขืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื•. ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืฉืœ"ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ7:

ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื”ื™ ืžื”ืจ"ืž ืงื•ืจื“ื•ื•ืจื ื–"ืœ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•, ืœืžื“ื ื™ ื–ืงืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื™ืืžืจ ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื, 'ืืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœื ืชื›ื‘ื”'. ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ ืขื ื•ื•ืชื ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื ื ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืžื™ ืฉื ืคืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ืื•ืŸ ืื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืืžืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื "ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื.

ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืŸ ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ืืฉืจ ืœื•, ื™ืืžืจ ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง: "ืืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœื ืชื›ื‘ื”". ื›ืš ืœื™ืžื“ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืจืž"ืง.
ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื’ืœื™ืžืชื, ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ืืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜", ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ืฉื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘"ืืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื", ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ืื“ื, ื‘ื” ื‘ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื• ื”ืฆืžืื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™. ื‘ื›ืš ืžืขืœื” ื”ื•ื ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ืื™ื ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœ. ื™ืฉ ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ืืœ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื•ื›ืš ืœืจื•ืžื ืื•ืชืŸ.

ื ืจืื”, ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœ"ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ "ืืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื" ืœืืฉ ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜, ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื ืคืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื.
ื”ืจื‘ ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื•, ื›ื™ ื”ืืฉ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืœื‘ื“ ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืกืคื™ืงื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืขื ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฉืืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื“ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื’ืœื•ืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
ืื•ืœื, ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืชื• ื•ื‘ื˜ื”ืจืชื•, ื›ื™ ืื ืœืคืจืงื™ื. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืœื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ืืฉ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช?
ืขืœ ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืฉืœ"ื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืž"ืง, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืืฉ ื”ืชืžื™ื“, ื•ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง: "ืืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœื ืชื›ื‘ื”". ื™ืฉ ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืืฉ ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜, ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ืœืืฉ ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™.
ืืช ื”ืืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืœืืฉ ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜, ื•ืืช ื”ืืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜ ื™ืฉ ืœืจื•ืžื ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื” ืืœ ืืฉ ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื ื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช.



1 ื•ื™ืงืจื ื•', ื•'.
2 ืžืฆื•ื” ื›"ื˜.
3 ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื™'.
4 ืขื•ืœืช ืจืื™"ื” ื—"ื ืขืž' ืงื™"ื˜.
5 ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื—"ื’ ืขืž' ืจ"ื™.
6 ืขื™' ื™ื•ืžื ื›"ื ืข"ื‘.
7 ืฉืขืจ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืื•ืช ืœ', "ืœื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘", ื–'.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *