ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” โ€“ ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืœึฐืžึธื”?

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื›ืดื– ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื
 
20/04/2001

ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” โ€“ ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืœึฐืžึธื”?

ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืคืจืฉืช "ืžืื›ืœื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช", ื”ืžืคืจื˜ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ืืช ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช, ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื’ื™ื. ื ื ืกื” ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืืœื”.
ืขืœ ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”1:

ืืช ื–ื” ืชืื›ืœื• ืžื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžื™ื: ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืœื• ืกื ืคื™ืจ ื•ืงืฉืงืฉืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื—ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ืชืื›ืœื•. ื•ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืกื ืคื™ืจ ื•ืงืฉืงืฉืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื—ืœื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืฉืจืฅ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืžื›ืœ ื ืคืฉ ื”ื—ื™ื” ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžื™ื ืฉืงืฅ ื”ื ืœื›ืโ€ฆ

ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื ื™ ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื˜ื”ืจื” ืœื“ื’ื™ื: ืกื ืคื™ืจ ื•ืงืฉืงืฉืช.
ืื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืก' ื ื™ื“ื”2:

ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงืฉืงืฉืช ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกื ืคื™ืจ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกื ืคื™ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืงืฉืงืฉืช.

ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ื“ื’ื™ื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืงืฉืงืฉืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื“ื’ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื’ ืงืฉืงืฉืช, ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกื ืคื™ืจ, ื•ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืกื ืคื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืขืจืš, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืกื ืคื™ืจ ื‘ื“ื’ ืื™ื ื” ืžืœืžื“ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื˜ื”ืจืชื•. ืžืžื™ืœื ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืืœื”: ืื ื›ืŸ, ืœืฉื ืžื” ื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืช ื”ืกื ืคื™ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ื?!
ืœืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ื ื“ืจืฉื” ื”ื’ืžืจื3, ื•ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”:

ืžื›ื“ื™ ืื ืŸ ืืงืฉืงืฉืช ืกืžื›ื™ื ืŸ, ืกื ืคื™ืจ ื“ื›ืชื‘ ืจื—ืžื ื ืœืžื” ืœื™?โ€ฆ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ื”ื• ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ 'ื™ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืื“ื™ืจ'.

ื”ื’ืžืจื ืœื ืžืฆืื” ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืกื ืคื™ืจ ืžืœื‘ื“ "ื™ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืื“ื™ืจ". ืžื”ื™ ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ื”ืกื ืคื™ืจ? ื”ืื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”? ื™ืฉ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื.
ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื• ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื, ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื• ืœื’ืžืจื, ื•ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื‘ืื™ื’ืจืช.
ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื4:

ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ื˜ื”ืจืชื•, ื•ืืขืค"ื™ ืฉื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื“ื• ืื™ื ื• ื’ื•ืจื ื˜ื”ืจื”.

ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืช ืจืื™"ื”5:

ื ืœืข"ื“ ื“ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœื›ื”, ื•"ื™ืคื” ืฉื™ื—ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•'", ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืงืฉืงืฉืช, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ื— ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ืงืฉืงืฉืช ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื‘ืกื ืคื™ืจ ืœื ืžืฉื›ื— ื˜ื”ืจื”, ื›ืชื‘ ืจื—ืžื ื ืกื ืคื™ืจ, ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื ื• ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช ืฉื›ื— ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื•ื ื—ืช ื”ื˜ื”ืจื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื–ื• ื›ืžื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื ื’ื•ืคื™ ืชื•ืจื”โ€ฆ

ื ื‘ืืจ ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื.
ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืœืกื™ืžื ื™ ื˜ื”ืจื” ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื” ืื ื• ืจืฉืื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืจืฉืื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ. ื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื•, ื”ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืกืคืจ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžืงื˜ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื” ืกืคืจ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™, ื”ืžืœืžื“ื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ.
ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืชื‘ื” ืกื ืคื™ืจ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื ืฆืจืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ื, ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื™ืฉื ื• ืขืจืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืžื•ืคืฉื˜, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืขืจืš ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™. ืœื›ืš ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ 'ื™ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืชื•ืจื”', ื•ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืŸ ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืœืื•, ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™. ืžื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื’ืฉืช ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื•ืœื ืจืง ื›ืกืคืจ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช.
ืžื”ื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช ืฉืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ?
ืœืžื“ื ื•, ืฉื”ืกื ืคื™ืจ ื•ื”ืงืฉืงืฉืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื˜ื”ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื’. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื˜ื”ืจื”, ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ืฉืœื, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืกื ืคื™ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืงืฉืงืฉืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื”ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืกื ืคื™ืจ ื•ื”ืงืฉืงืฉืช.
ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ืฉืœ"ื”:

ื”ื ื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื ืžืฉืœื• ืœื“ื’ื™ื ื”ืคืจื™ื ื•ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืืžืจื• ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื›ืžืกืžืจื•ืช ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื", ืžื” ื ื˜ื™ืขื” ื–ื• ืคืจื” ื•ืจื‘ื” ืืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืคืจื™ื ื•ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฆื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ืื“ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ืชื. ื•ืชื ืŸ "ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ื”ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื•, ื•ืกื ืคื™ืจ ื”ืคื•ืจื— ื‘ื”ืŸ". ื•ืขืชื” ืืคืจืฉ ื”ืกื•ื“, ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ืŸ ืจื•ืžื– ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืจื‘ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ืกื ืคื™ืจ ืืฉืจ ืžืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืœื™ื“ ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืชื•ืจื”.

ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื”ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื˜ื”ืจืชื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช: ืงืฉืงืฉืช ื•ืกื ืคื™ืจ. ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืฉืชื ื”. ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื ืžืกืจืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ, ื•ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืฉืชื ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื— ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื” ื•ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื, ื•ืฉื ื™ ืืœื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื˜ื”ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืœืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”6.
ื ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื”.
ื”ื’ืž' ื‘ืžืก' ืžื ื—ื•ืช7 ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื—ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”:

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืžืจ ืจื‘: ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืขืœื” ืžืฉื” ืœืžืจื•ื, ืžืฆืื• ืœื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืงื•ืฉืจ ื›ืชืจื™ื ืœืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ื•: ืจื‘ืฉ"ืข, ืžื™ ืžืขื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ืš? ืืžืจ ืœื•: ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืžื•, ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืงื•ืฅ ื•ืงื•ืฅ ืชื™ืœื™ืŸ ืชื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช. ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ื•: ืจื‘ืฉ"ืข, ื”ืจืื”ื• ืœื™, ืืžืจ ืœื•: ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื—ื•ืจืš. ื”ืœืš ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืชืฉืฉ ื›ื—ื•; ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“, ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•: ืจื‘ื™, ืžื ื™ืŸ ืœืš? ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ: ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืžืกื™ื ื™, ื ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื“ืขืชื•.

ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื” ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื“ืขืชื• ื›ืฉืฉืžืข ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืžืกื™ื ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื”.
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ, ื ื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื™ื ื• ืืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืื–ื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืก ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ืฉื•ืžืข ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• "ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜", "ื’ืœื™ืฉื”", "ืฆ'ืื˜", ื•ื›ื“ื•'. ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืชืฉืฉ ื›ื•ื—ื•. ื”ืื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืช ืžืื– ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™? ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืจ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื•ืœื, ืื ื™ืงื•ื ืจื‘, ื•ื™ืืžืจ: "ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”: "ื•ืœื ืชื‘ื™ื ืชื•ืขื‘ื” ืืœ ื‘ื™ืชืš"8, ืืš ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืžื” ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ื ืืžืจ: "ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื ืชืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ืงืœืœื” ื•ื‘ื—ืจืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื"9โ€ฆ" ื•ื™ื‘ื ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคืชื• ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ืชืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”. ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ, ื”ื ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืžืกื™ื ื™.
ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘, ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื, ื”ืงืฉืงืฉืช, ืชื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“ ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื ืคื™ืจ, ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืš ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชื ื”.
ื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืกื ืคื™ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื ืืžืจ "ื™ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืื“ื™ืจ", ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขืจืš ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื• ื’ื“ืœื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื’ื“ืœื” ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืš ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื•ื™ื” ื–ื”ื• ื”ืกื ืคื™ืจ.

ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฆื•ืจื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืžื, ืืœื ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ืฉืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ื’ื ื‘ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช.
ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื ื™ื™ื: ืคืจืกื” ืฉืกื•ืขื” ื•ื”ืขืœืืช ื’ืจื”.
ืืคืฉืจ ืื•ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
ื”ืฉืกืข ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื‘ื“ืœื”. ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช, ื”ื“ืขื•ืช, ืื™ื ื ื‘ืื™ื ืžืงืฉื” ืื—ืช ืืœื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืจืข, ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ืจื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืข, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืžืœืื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ืžืœืื›ืช ื‘ื•ืจืจ.
ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืขืœืืช ื’ืจื” ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืœื›ืš ืฉืืข"ืค ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ื•ื”ืจื”ืจื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ื’ื™ื‘ืฉื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืืœ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื›ืš. ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืœืœื ื“ืขื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช, ืืช ืขืจื›ื™ื ื• ื•ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืชื™ื ื•, ืœื‘ืœ ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื:
ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ืื™ื ื ืจืง ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืื›ื™ืœื”, ืืœื ื”ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื” ื›ืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืจืื™ื ื• ืืœื• ืขืจื›ื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช.


1 ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™"ื, ื˜' โ€“ ื™'.
2 ืค"ื•, ืž"ื˜.
3 ื ื™ื“ื” ื "ื ืข"ื‘.
4 ื ื™ื“ื” ื "ื ืข"ื.
5 ืื’ืจืช ืง"ื’.
6 ืžื›ืืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืกืคื™ืงื” ื”ืงืฉืงืฉืช ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืกื ืคื™ืจ ืœื‘ื“ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง. ืžื™ ืฉืจื›ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ืชืคืชื— ื•ื™ืชื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชื ื”, ืืš ืžื™ ืฉืจืง ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืœืœื ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื โ€“ ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื•.
7 ื›"ื˜ ืข"ื‘.
8 ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื–', ื›"ื•.
9 ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœ', ื™"ื˜.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *