ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืคืจืฉื” ื โ€“ ืคืกืงื” ื

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื—ืณ ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื“
 
03/12/2003

ืคืจืฉื” ื' ืคืกื•ืง ื' "ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืงื”ืœืช", ื'

'ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืงื”ืœืช ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืžืœืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื', ื–ื” ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœืžื” ืžืœืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ, (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›"ื‘) 'ื—ื–ื™ืช ืื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืœืื›ืชื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœื›ื™ื ื™ืชื™ืฆื‘', ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจ' ื—ื ื™ื ื ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืกื ืฉืจืื” ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืจื• ืžืขืœื™ืŸ ื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืืžืจ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืขืœื™ืŸ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื ื™ ืื™ื ื™ ืžืขืœื” ื“ื‘ืจ, ืžื” ืขืฉื” ื™ืฆื ืœืžื“ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจื• ื•ืจืื” ืฉื ืื‘ืŸ ืื—ืช ื•ืฉื‘ื‘ื” ื•ืกื™ืชืชื” ื•ืžื™ืจืงื”, ื•ืืžืจ ื”ืจื™ ืขืœื™ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืชื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื‘ืงืฉ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืœื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ื ื–ื“ืžื ื• ืœื• ื—ืžืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืžืขืœื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืืชื ืื‘ืŸ ื–ื• ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื—ืžืฉื” ืกืœืขื™ื ื•ืื ื• ืžืขืœื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื, ื‘ืงืฉ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื•ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืฉืขื”, ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ื”ื• ื•ื”ืœื›ื• ืœื”ื, ื–ื™ืžืŸ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื—ืžืฉื” ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืืชื ืžืขืœื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืื‘ืŸ ื–ื•, ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื—ืžืฉื” ืกืœืขื™ื ื•ืื ื• ืžืขืœื™ืŸ ืœืš ืื‘ื ืš ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืชืชืŸ ื™ื“ืš ื•ืืฆื‘ืขืš ืขืžื ื•, ื ืชืŸ ื™ื“ื• ื•ืืฆื‘ืขื• ืขืžื”ื ื•ื ืžืฆืื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื‘ืงืฉ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื›ืจืŸ ื•ืœื ืžืฆืืŸ, ื ื›ื ืก ืœืœืฉื›ืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืช ื•ืฉืืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื, ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ื”ืขืœื• ืื‘ื ืš ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ืงืจืื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืžืงืจื ื”ื–ื”, 'ื—ื–ื™ืช ืื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืœืื›ืชื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœื›ื™ื ื™ืชื™ืฆื‘', ืงืจื™ ื‘ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื™ืชื™ืฆื‘. ืืžืจ ืจ' ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื—ืœืคืชื ืœื‘ืœื•ื•ื˜ื•ืก ืฉื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืคืœื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืœื›ื™ื, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืžืœืš ืฉืืœ ืžื” ืืชืŸ ืœืš, ืืžืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืœื•ื•ื˜ื•ืก, ืื ืฉื•ืืœ ืื ื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื–ื”ื‘ ืื• ืžืจื’ืœื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื™, ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื™, ืืœื ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœ ื‘ืชื• ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืชื•, ื›ืš (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื' ื’') 'ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื ืจืื” ื”' ืืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื—ืœื•ื ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื”ื™ื ืฉืืœ ืžื” ืืชืŸ ืœืš', ืืžืจ ืฉืœืžื” ืื ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ืžืจื’ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื™, ืืœื ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉื) 'ื•ื ืชืช ืœืขื‘ื“ืš ืœื‘ ืฉื•ืžืข', ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉืืœืช ื•ืœื ืฉืืœืช ืœืš ืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื ืคืฉ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ืš, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ืžื“ืข ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืš ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืŸ ื’ื ืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ื ื›ืกื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืชืŸ ืœืš, ืžื™ื“ (ืฉื) 'ื•ื™ืงืฅ ืฉืœืžื” ื•ื”ื ื” ื—ืœื•ื', ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ืœื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื›ื ื•, ืฆืคื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ืฅ ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžื” ืžืฆื•ื™ืฅ, ื—ืžื•ืจ ื ื•ื”ืง ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžื” ื ื•ื”ืง, ืžื™ื“ (ืฉื) 'ื•ื™ื‘ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ื•ื™ืขืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื•ื™ืขืœ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ืขืฉ ืžืฉืชื” ืœื›ืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื•', ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœื’ืžืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืžื™ื“ ืฉืจืชื” ืขืœื™ื• ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืืžืจ ืฉืœืฉื” ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืžืฉืœื™ ื•ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืงื”ืœืช, ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ 'ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืงื”ืœืช ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“'.

ืคืชื™ื—ื” โ€“ ืžื’ืžืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืคื•ืชื— ืืช "ืงื”ืœืช ืจื‘ื”" ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ืืœื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ. ืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื” ื‘ื ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืกืคืจ ืงื”ืœืช, ื›ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ.
ื”ืจืงืข ืœืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขืžื“ื• ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ืงื”ืœืช1:

ื›ืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืžื˜ืžืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืงื”ืœืช ืžื˜ืžืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื. ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื˜ืžื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืงื”ืœืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช. ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืงื”ืœืช ืื™ื ื• ืžื˜ืžื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช. ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืงื”ืœืช ืžืงื•ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ื•ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ. ืืžืจ ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืื™ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืคื™ ืข"ื‘ ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืืช ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืงื”ืœืช ืžื˜ืžืื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื. ืืžืจ ืจ' ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื, ืœื ื ื—ืœืง ืื“ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืชื˜ืžื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื›ื“ืื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืงื“ืฉ ื•ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ืื ื ื—ืœืงื• ืœื ื ื—ืœืงื• ืืœื ืขืœ ืงื”ืœืช. ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจ' ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืื™ ื›ืš ื ื—ืœืงื• ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ืžืจื•.

ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืชื ืžื•ื‘ื ื˜ืขืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ืงื”ืœืช ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ2:

ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืกื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื˜ืžื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ืืžืจื” ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ, ืงื”ืœืช ืื™ื ื” ืžื˜ืžื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื—ื›ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื”.

ืœื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืจืง ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ืกืคืจ ืงื”ืœืช, ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื”, ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืืฃ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ.
ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘, ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืชื• ืœืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช, ืžืืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ3, ื•ืืœื” ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•: ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ืœืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืกืคืจ, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืฉื˜. ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืกื•ืง ืจืžื•ื–ื™ื ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื™ื, ืฉื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืกืคืจื™ื ืืœื” โ€“ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ, ื•ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืืฃ ืฉืœื ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจ.
ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ืงื”ืœืช ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ืื• ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืกืคืจ ื–ื”, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืจืžื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ื• ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื, ืื• ืฉืชื›ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืคืฉื˜4.
ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืชื ืœืžื“ืจืฉ ืงื”ืœืช ื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืกืคืจ ืงื”ืœืช ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืœื ื”ื‘ื ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื–ื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ.

"ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจ' ื—ื ื™ื ื ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืกื"
ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื—ื–ื™ืช ืื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืœืื›ืชื•" ืขืœ ืจ' ื—ื ื™ื ื ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืกื ื•ืขืœ ืฉืœืžื”.
ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ืื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืœืื›ืชื•", ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื• ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ. ื”ืฉืคืช ืืžืช5 ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืืช ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืžืขืœ ืœื˜ื‘ืข:

ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืงื”ืœืช (ืคืจืฉื” ื') ื—ื–ื™ืช ืื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื›ื•' ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจ' ื—ื ื™ื ื ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืกื ื›ื•' ื”ื›ืœ ืžืขืœื™ืŸ ื›ื•' ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืืžืจ. ื•ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ืข"ื” ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืœืš, ืฉืืœ ืžื” ืืชืŸ ืœืš, ื•ืฉื•ืืœ ื‘ืชื• ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื‘ื’ื™ื ื”, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื—ื• ื”ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ื›ืœ. ื’ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืชื™ื‘ 'ื•ื ืชืช ืœืขื‘ื“ืš ืœื‘ ืฉื•ืžืข' ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื— ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืจ' ื—ื ื™ื ื ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืกื ื™ื“ืข ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืืš ืžื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื ื“ืจ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืชื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื "ืœ ืฉืžืกืœืง ื›ืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื™ืจืช ื ืคืฉ ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืกืจ ื ืคืฉื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืืฃ ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื–ืงืช ืกื•ืžื™ืŸ ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ืืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจ, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืงื•ื, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ืืœ ืชื”ื™ ืžืคืœื™ื’ ื›ื•', ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืจืง ืฉื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืžืกืชื™ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื”ืื“ื ืžื•ืกืจ ื ืคืฉื• ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืื ื›ืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืขืฆืžื• ืืฆืœื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื ืžืฆื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืืฆืœื•, ืฉื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื ืชื”ืคืš ืืฆืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ื "ืœ, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื ืงืจื ืื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืฉืืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฉื™ื’ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื›ืœื•, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ื”ืืžืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื™ืชื™ืฆื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืœืžื”, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ืื™ืฉ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื™ืฉื ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ืœื•ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืœืš ื•ืจืง ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื‘ืช ืžืœืš ืจืง ืขืฆื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื™ืฉื™ื’ ืœื‘ืช ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ, ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืœื• ื”ืžืœืš ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ื ืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืก' ืฉืœ ื‘ืช ื”ืžืœืš ืฉื™ื‘ืงืฉ, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ืžื ื™ื— ื”ื›ืœ ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ืช ืžืœืš, ื•ื”ืžืฉืœ ื‘ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืื“ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืžืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ืข"ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉืืœ ืœื• ืžื” ืืชืŸ ืœืš, ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ืข"ื” ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ืฉื™ื’ ื›ื™ ืœื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื™ื’ื•, ื•ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืžืื™ืŸ ืชืžืฆื, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื“ืข ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื–ื”, ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื“ืข ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืฉื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืžืกืจ ื ืคืฉื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื›ื "ืœ ืฉืžืฆื“ื• ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื™ืขื” ืฉืžื•ืกืจ ื ืคืฉื• ื›ื "ืœ ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืื™ืŸ ื•ืจืง ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ื—ื›ืžื” ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื•ื–ื” ืื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ, ื•ืืžืช ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืœ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื›ืœ, ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืœ ืืฆืœื• ื•ืจืง ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื›ืžื”.

ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืžื•ืกืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”', ื‘ืœื ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื›ื“ื•', ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืฃ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื•ื ืžืกืš ื”ืžืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืขืœ ืœื˜ื‘ืข, ื•ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืžืกืœืงืช ืืช ื”ืžืกืš, ื•ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื• โ€“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืขืœ ืœื˜ื‘ืข.
ืจ' ื—ื ื™ื ื ื ื“ืจ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืืฃ ืฉื™ื“ืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื—ื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช. ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื” ืขื–, ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืขืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื•, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื”ืชื’ืœื” ืืœื™ื• ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื• ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ืื‘ื ื•.
ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื‘ืงืฉืช ืฉืœืžื” ืžื”', ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉืœ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ.
ื”'ืฉืคืช ืืžืช' ืฉื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืœ: ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื, ื™ื“ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš, ืจืฆื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ืกืฃ ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ื, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื— ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื”?
ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื•: ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ื‘ืช ื”ืžืœืš, ืฉื›ืŸ ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืœืœ ืœื ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืชื•. ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืขืœ ืœืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื—ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ื”. ื‘ืงืฉืชื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืช ื”ืžืœืš ื ื‘ืขื” ืืš ื•ืจืง ืžืจืฆื•ื ื• ื”ืขื– ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ื”, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช.
ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ื ืžืฉืœ, ืืฆืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš6. ืฉืœืžื” ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื›ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื”.
ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ืฉื’ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืขืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื, ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœืžื”.
ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื›ื™ ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ื”, ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื•ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ื”. ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืงื‘ืœื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืจืง ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”'.
ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืžื–ืืช. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ืžืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช. ืจืง ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืขืœ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ืฉื™ื’ ืฉืœืžื” ืืช ื”ื›ืœ.
ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืืฉืจ ื ืžืฆื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ืืฉืจ ื’ืจื ืœื”ืฉื’ืชื• ืืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ืžื›ื—ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื, ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืชืจ, ืžื”ื‘ื ืชื• ืฉ"ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืœ".

"ืื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืœืื›ืชื•"
ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ, "ื—ื–ื™ืช ืื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืœืื›ืชื•", ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืจ' ื—ื ื™ื ื, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ืžื”ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื”?
ืจ' ื ื—ืžืŸ ืžื‘ืจืกืœื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช7:

ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงืœ"ื˜): 'ืื—ื•ืจ ื•ืงื“ื ืฆืจืชื ื™'. ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืื“ื ืžืฉื™ื’ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื 'ืื—ื•ืจ'; ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื ืœืื“ื ื‘ืœื ืฉื•ื ื”ืงื“ืžื”, ืืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืคืข ืืœืงื™, ื•ื–ื” ืžื›ื ื” ื‘ืฉื 'ืงื“ื', ื‘ืฉื ืคื ื™ื. ื•ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื ื•ืœื“ ืžื—ืžืช ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ, ื›ื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืœื™ื“ ื—ื•ื, ื•ืœืคื™ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ, ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืœื™ื“ ื—ื•ื ื‘ืœื‘. ื ืžืฆื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืคืข ืืœืงื™, ืฉื”ืฉื›ืœ ื ืฉืคืข ืœืื“ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ื ื”ืงื“ืžื”, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ืืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื‘ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืขื•ืœื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืืœื™ื”.

ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงื“ื ืฉืœื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืœื‘ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ืฉื "ืื—ื•ืจ", ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืœื”ืŸ. ืื•ืœื, ื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ืจืš "ืคื ื™ื". ื‘ื”ืืจืช ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืฉืคืข ืืœื•ืงื™ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืœืœื ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื.
ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืœืื“ื ืžืœืžื“ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืฉืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืืœื ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช, ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช8.
"ืื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืœืื›ืชื•", ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืœืžื“ ืฉ"ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœื›ื™ื ื™ืชื™ืฆื‘", ืฉืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื•ืงื™. ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืขืœื” ืจ' ื—ื ื™ื ื ืืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœื™ืžื“ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›ื™ "ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื™ืชื™ืฆื‘", ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืขืœ ืœืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื.
ื’ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืฉืœืžื” ื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช, ืœื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืชืคื—ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉืงื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืžื• ืจืื” ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื•ืช, ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืœืžื“ ื›ื™ ืžืงื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื” ื–ื• ืืœื•ืงื™ืช9. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืขืฉื” ืฉืœืžื” ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœื’ืžืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื™ื“ ื›ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช, ืœืœื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื™ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื”ื•ื ื’ื "ื’ืžืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”".
ืืฃ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืœืžื“ื ื• ื›ื™ ืกืคืจ ืงื”ืœืช, ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืžืชื•ืš ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื”, ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื™ื“ืจืฉ, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื”ื•ื‘ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืงื”ืœืช, ื›ืžื‘ื•ื ื”ืžื‘ืืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ืžื˜ืจืชื•.

ื”ืขืœืืช ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช
ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืจ' ื—ื ื™ื ื ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืกื ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืขืœืื” โ€“ "ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืจื• ืžืขืœื™ืŸ ื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืโ€ฆ ื”ืจื™ ืขืœื™ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืชื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" ื•ืขื•ื“. ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ10:

ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ืืฆื™ืœื™ื•ืช: ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ืขืœืืช ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช. ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื“ืช ื›ืœ ืื“ื, ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื–ื”. ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื“ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื, ืฉืื•ืจ ืจื•ื— ืืคื™ื ื• ืžืฉื™ื— ื“' ื–ื•ืจื— ื‘ื”ื. ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืฉื ืช ืขื•ื ื’, ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ืื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื–ื•ืจื— ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื.
ืžื‘ืจืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื’ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœืœื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื”. ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ืฉืื™ืคื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื˜ื‘ืข. ืื‘ืœ ืžืขืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืžื’ืžื” ื•ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช. ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื ืขื•ืฆื” ืืฆืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื ื•ืขื” ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช.
ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืฆื“ื™ืง ืื—ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ื—ื•ืช, ื•ืžืฉืžืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช: ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืจืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืžืขืœื” ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช.
ืžืฆื“ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื›ื–ืืช. ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืจืข ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ื•ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืขืฆืžื•, ืžืชื’ืœื” ืขืœื™ื•, ืขื“ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืชื•ืชื™ ื›ืจืขื™ื” ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืžืื™ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื“ืช ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื

ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืœ ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืœื—ื ื•ืื›ื™ืœืชื•. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื›ื ื”, ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ื–ืจื™ืขื” ื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ืืคื™ื”, "ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื ื“ืคืช", ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ. ื”ื–ืจืข ื‘ื•ืจืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจืงืข ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ โ€“ ื”ืคืจื“ืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฅ, ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ืงืžื— ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื” โ€“ ืืœื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ. ื’ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืขืœืื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื–ืจืข ืžืชืขืœื” ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืœื—ื, ืืš ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ.
ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื”ืขืœืื”". ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ืคืš ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืžืžื“ืจื’ืช ืฆื•ืžื— ืœืžื“ืจื’ืช ื—ื™ ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืžืชืขืœื” ื‘ื›ืš ืžืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช. ื’ื ื›ืืŸ, ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœื™ืš, ืืš ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื ืกืคื—. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื›"ืกื•ืจ ืžืจืข", ืฉืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื• ื ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื”ืขืœืื”, "ืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘".
ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื. ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ืžื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืจืข ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืžืœืื›ืชื• ื‘ื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืข. ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ืชืกืชื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืœืื›ื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ื ืืกืจื• ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืช. ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช11, ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืœืื›ื” ืืœื ืžืชืขืœื” ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื™ืžื• ืžืชื•ืš ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื” ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.
ืืฃ ื‘ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื”. ื™ืฉื ื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืข ื•ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืจืข. ืืš ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช, ื•ืจ' ื—ื ื™ื ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœื›ืš.
ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจ' ื—ื ื™ื ื ื”ื•ื ืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ืขื™ืœื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืขื™ืœื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืžืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืงืจื• ืœื•, ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืชืขื ื™ืช12.
ืืฃ ืฉืœืžื”, ืžืชื•ืš ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืฉืจืชื” ืขืœื™ื•, ื”ืขืœื” ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”'. ื”ืฉืคืข ืฉืฉืคืข ืขืœื™ื• ื’ืจื ืœื• ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืจื•ืžื ืื•ืชื•, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ืžืขืœื™ื ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืœืœื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ.


1 ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืค"ื’ ืž"ื”.
2 ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืค"ื‘ ื”"ื•.
3 ืงื“ืžืช ื”ืขืžืง ื‘', ื‘'-ื’', ื•ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ื’', ื‘'.
4 ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ืฉื ื’', ื‘', ืฉืžื‘ืืจ ืฉืงื”ืœืช ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื”, ืืœื ืฉืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ื ืชื ื” ืœื”ื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืคื ื™ืžื™.
5 ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ื, ืงื”ืœืช.
6 ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืฉืœ ื”ื™ื ืฉืจืง ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืœืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืœื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื”. ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ืžืื™ืชื ื•, ื•ืจืง ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืœ, ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืืช.
7 ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ืžื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื›"ื.
8 ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœืช ื”ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื“ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื“ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื ืืœื•ืงื™ืช, ื•ืœื ื ื•ืฆืจื” ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช (ืžืืžืจ ื', ืค"ื): "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ื–ื• ืชืงื•ืžื ื” ืืžื ื ื•ืชื•ืœื“ื ื” ื”ื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœ, ืฉื”ื•ืชื—ืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืชืชืงื‘ืœ ื—ื•ืงื” ืืฉืจ ื›ื–ืืช ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืชืฆืœื™ื— ื™ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืืœื•ื” ืกื™ื™ืขื• ื•ืœืžื“ื• ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื”, ืœื ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืงื” ืฉืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืืœื•ื” ื–ื• ืงืžื” ืคืชืื•ื, ื ืืžืจ ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ ื•ืชื”ื™ ืžืžืฉ ื›ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื". ื•ืขื™' ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืค"ื‘ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืชืื•ืžื™ืช, ืฆื“ืงืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื' ื•ืฉืขืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืขืจ ื‘', ื™'.
9 ืืžื ื, ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืื™ื ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืžืขืžื“, ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ื ืคื™ืœื”. ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœืžื” ื—ื˜ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื•ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื ื™ื˜ืœื” ืžืžื ื• (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื' ืคืก' ื', ื™'). ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชืงื“ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ื•ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืืœื•ืงื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืขืœ ืœืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืขืžื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ืื•ืœื, ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืืœื™ื” ื™ืชืงื“ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืืœื™ื” ื™ืฉืืฃ.
10 ืขืจืคืœื™ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ืขืž' ื›'.
11 ื‘ืžืจืื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ "ืขืจืคืœื™ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ" ืžื•ืคื ื” ื”ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืกืงื” ื–ื• ืœืฉืขืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืจื—"ื•, ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ื”ืจ. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื™ื ืขื ืœืš, ื•ืื›ืž"ืœ.
12 ื›"ื“ ืข"ื‘ ื•ื”ืœืื”.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *