ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืคืจืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ืคืฉืจื”

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื’ืณ ื‘ืžืจื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื•
 
05/11/2005

ืคืฉืจื”

ืฉื ื™ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช "ืคืฉืจื”". ื. ืžื”ื• ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™, ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ืœื”ื›ืจืขืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื‘. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ืคืฉืจื”1.

ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืืœื•ืช.
ื.

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืืฉื™: ืฉืžืข ืžื™ื ื” ืคืฉืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืงื ื™ืŸ. ื“ืื™ ืกืœืงื ื“ืขืชืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืงื ื™ืŸ, ืœืžืืŸ ื“ืืžืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืชืœืชื โ€“ ืœืžื” ืœื™, ืชืกื’ื™ ื‘ืชืจื™ ื•ืœื™ืงื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื”. ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื, ืคืฉืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืงื ื™ืŸ (ื•' ืข"ื).

ืจื‘ ืืฉื™ ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืคืฉืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืงื ื™ืŸ, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื”. ืœืžืกืงื ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืคืฉืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืงื ื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื:

ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื ืคืฉืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืงื ื™ืŸ โ€“ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” (ืจืฉ"ื™).
ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื ืคืฉืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืงื ื™ืŸ โ€“ ื•ื”ื ื“ืœื ืกื’ื™ ื‘ืชืจื™ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืžื• ืงื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ื“ืœื ื‘ืงื™ืื™ ื‘ืคืฉืจื” ืฉืคื™ืจ (ืชื•ืก').

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืงื ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื2?
ื‘.

ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืฉืœืฉื”, ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ, ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“.

ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื?
ื’.

ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ื•ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื™ืคื” ื›ื— ืคืฉืจื” ืžื›ื— ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืฉื ื™ื ืฉื“ื ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ืคืฉืจื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ (ื”' ืข"ื‘).

ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉื‘"ื’ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ื‘ืืช ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื”. "ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื”" ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•: "ืฉืฉื ื™ื ืฉื“ื ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ". "ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื" ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•: "ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ืคืฉืจื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ". ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ืจืฉื‘"ื’ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.
ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืชื (ืค"ื ื”"ื“), ื•ืฉื ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ:

ืจืฉื‘"ื’ ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ื›ืš ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉืœืฉื”. ื™ืคื” ื›ื— ืคืฉืจื” ืžื›ื— ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื›ื™ืฆื“, ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื“ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืคื™ืฉืจื• ืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ.

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ื™ืจืกืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคืชื, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืคื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉื‘"ื’. ืจืฉื‘"ื’ ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืคืฉืจื” ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” โ€“ ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื™ืคื” ื›ื— ื”ืคืฉืจื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืคื™ืฉืจื• ืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื.
ื“. ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื–ื•ืงืงืช ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืืฃ ื”ื™ื (ื”ืœ' ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืคื›"ื‘ ื”"ื•):

ื™ืคื” ื›ื— ืคืฉืจื” ืžื›ื— ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื“ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ, ื•ืื ืขืฉื• ืคืฉืจื” ื•ืงื ื• ืžื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ".

ื”"ื›ืกืฃ ืžืฉื ื”" ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ื:

ื™ืคื” ื›ื— ื”ืคืฉืจื” ื•ื›ื•'โ€ฆ ื•ืื™ื›ื ืœืžื™ื“ืง ืžื” ื™ืคื•ื™ ื›ื— ื™ืฉ ื‘ืคืฉืจื” ืžื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืคืฉืจื” ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืฉืงื ื• ืžื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืœื ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืื ืงื ื• ืžื™ื“ื ืฉื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื ืื—ื“ ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืื• ืคืกื•ืœ ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืคืจืง ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืกืชื ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืขื™ ืงื ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืขื™ื ืงื ื™ืŸ ืฉืคื™ืจ ืžืฆื™ ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื™ืคื” ื›ื— ืคืฉืจื” ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ื›ืžืฉืคื˜ื” ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืงื ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื— ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ ื›ืžืฉืคื˜ื• ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืœื ืงื ื™ืŸ. ื•ืžื™ื”ื• ืื™ื›ื ืœืžื™ื“ืง ื“ื”ื ื“ืชื ื™ื ืชื• ื”ืชื (ื“ืฃ ื–') "ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ, ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“", ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ "ืœื™ืžื ืชืœืชื ืชื ืื™ ื‘ืคืฉืจื”, ื“ืžืจ ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ื•ืžืจ ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืžืจ ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืื—ื ื‘ืจ ืื™ืงื ื•ื›ื•' ืžืืŸ ื“ืืžืจ ืชืจื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื“ ื ืžื™ ื•ื”ื ื“ืงืืžืจ ืชืจื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื›ื™ ื“ืœื™ื”ื•ื• ืขืœื™ื” ืกื”ื“ื™, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื’ืž' ืžืกื™ืง ื“ืœืจืฉื‘"ื’ ื ืžื™ ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืกื‘ื™ืจื ืœื™ื”, ืœืžื” ืคืกืง ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ืคืฉืจื” ืฉื ื™ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืกื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื“ืœื ืื™ืชืžืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืืœื ืœืžื“ื—ื™ ื“ืœื ื ื™ืžื ื“ืชืœืชื ืชื ืื™ ื‘ืคืฉืจื” ืื‘ืœ ืคืฉื˜ื ื“ืžื™ืœืชื ื“ืจืฉื‘"ื’ ื“ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื“ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉื‘"ื’ ืกืชืโ€ฆ

1. ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื "ื™ืคื” ื›ื— ืคืฉืจื” ืžื›ื— ื“ื™ืŸ" ืงืฉื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื’ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ื• ืงื ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉืื—ื“ ื“ืŸ.
2. ืœืžืกืงื ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื, ืžืืŸ ื“ืืžืจ "ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื" ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืื—ื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืคืฉืจื”, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ืข ืคื•ืกืง ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ืื—ื“?

ืžืฆื•ื” ืื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ
ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ืฉื™ืฃ (ื–' ืข"ื) ืžืขื™ืจ:

ืคืฉืจื” ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืคืœื•ื’ืชื•ืช ื“ืœืžืจ ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ืœืžืจ ืืกื•ืจโ€ฆ

ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืชืจ. ื›ืืŸ, ืžืขื™ืจ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ืฉื™ืฃ, ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื™ื ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ืช โ€“ ืœืžืืŸ ื“ืืžืจ ืื—ื“ ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ืœื–ื•ืœืชื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ.
ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื™, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื•. ื”ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืื—ื“ ืื•ืกืจ, ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืื—ืจ?
ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื–ื• ืžืœืžื“ืช, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฆื“ื“ื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช, ืฉื”ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืืกืจ ื”ืื—ื“ โ€“ ืžืชื™ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคืฉืจื” ืœื›ืœ ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ืœืฉื ื™ โ€“ ืื™ืกื•ืจ.

ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืคืฉืจื” โ€“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ื
ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื”ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื™"ื’ ืข"ื‘) ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฉื‘"ื’ ืœืจ' ืžืื™ืจ, ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืฉืจื”. ื”ื’ืžืจื ื ืจืื™ืช ืชืžื•ื”ื” ื‘ืงืจื™ืื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ื ื ืกื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื”:

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ: ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ื ื™ืฉื ื™ืช ืžืฉื ื” ื–ื•: ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ื ืฉื™ื, ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ื—ื›ื, ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ ืื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ. ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื” ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื•ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ ื›ื•ืœื™ ืขืœืžื ืžืงืžื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื• ืขื™ื™ืœื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ ื”ื•ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ ื›ื•ืœื™ ืขืœืžื ืžืงืžื™ื™ื”ื•. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ: ืœื ื‘ืขื• ืœืžื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื›ืจื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืœื™ ืœื“ื™ื“ื”ื•?! ืชืงื™ืŸ ื”ื ืžืชื ื™ืชื. ื”ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื ืœื ื”ื•ื• ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ ื”ืชื. ืœืžื—ืจ ื›ื™ ืืชื• ื—ื–ื• ื“ืœื ืงืžื• ืžืงืžื™ื™ื”ื• ื›ื“ืจื’ื™ืœื ืžื™ืœืชื. ืืžืจื™: ืžืื™ ื”ืื™. ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื•: ื”ื›ื™ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ. ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ืœืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ: ืื ื ื—ื›ื ื•ืืช ืื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ื ืชืงื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœืชื ื›ื™ ืœื“ื™ื“ืŸ. ืžืื™ ื ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืœื™ื”, ื ื™ืžื ืœื™ื” ื’ืœื™ ืขื•ืงืฆื™ื ื“ืœื™ืช ืœื™ื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืœื ื’ืžืจ ื ื™ืžื ืœื™ื”: "ืžื™ ื™ืžืœืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”' ื™ืฉืžื™ืข ื›ืœ ืชื”ืœืชื•" โ€“ ืœืžื™ ื ืื” ืœืžืœืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”' ืžื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ื›ืœ ืชื”ืœื•ืชื™ื•. ื ืขื‘ืจื™ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื™ ืื ื ืื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืืช ื ืฉื™ื. ืฉืžืขื™ื ื”ื• ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืงืจืฉื™, ืืžืจ: ื“ืœืžื ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืืชื™ื ืžืœืชื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื. ืื–ืœ ื™ืชื™ื‘ ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืขื™ืœื™ืชื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ืคืฉื˜ ื’ืจืก ื•ืชื ื ื’ืจืก ื•ืชื ื. ืืžืจ: ืžืื™ ื“ืงืžื, ื“ืœืžื ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืื™ื›ื ื‘ื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื ืžื™ื“ื™, ื™ื”ื‘ ื“ืขืชื™ื” ื•ื’ืจืกื”. ืœืžื—ืจ ืืžืจื• ืœื™ื”: ื ื™ืชื™ ืžืจ ื•ื ื™ืชื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืงืฆื™ืŸ. ืคืชื— ื•ืืžืจ. ื‘ืชืจ ื“ืื•ืงื™ื ืืžืจ ืœื”ื•: ืื™ ืœื ื’ืžื™ืจื ื ื›ืกื™ืคื™ืชื ืŸ, ืคืงื™ื“ ื•ืืคืงื™ื ื”ื• ืžื‘ื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื. ื”ื•ื• ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืชื ื‘ืคืชืงื ื•ืฉื“ื• ื”ืชื, ื“ื”ื•ื” ืžื™ืคืจื™ืง ืžื™ืคืจื™ืง, ื“ืœื ื”ื•ื• ืžื™ืคืจื™ืง ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืงื™ ื•ืฉื“ื•. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื• ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™: ืชื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืื ื• ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ: ื ื™ืขื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื•, ืžื™ื”ื• ื ื™ืงื ืกื™ื ื”ื• ื“ืœื ื ื™ืžืจื• ืฉืžืขืชื ืžืฉืžื™ื™ื”ื•. ืืกื™ืงื• ืœืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืœืจ' ื ืชืŸ ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ืโ€ฆ
ืชืจื’ื•ื: ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจืฉื‘"ื’ ืฉื, ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ืžืคื ื™ื•. ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื•ืจ' ื ืชืŸ, ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ืžืคื ื™ื”ื. ืืžืจ ืจืฉื‘"ื’: ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ (ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“) ืฉืœื™ ืœืฉืœื”ื?! ืชื™ืงืŸ ืžืฉื ื” ื–ื• (ื›ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื ื ื›ื ืก ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ืฉื‘ื•, ื›ืฉืื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื ื›ื ืก ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœื• ืฉื•ืจื” ืื—ืช ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืฉื•ืจื” ืื—ืช ืžื›ืืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•, ื›ืฉื—ื›ื ื ื›ื ืก ืื—ื“ ืขื•ืžื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•). ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื•ืจ' ื ืชืŸ ืฉื. ืœืžื—ืจ ื›ืฉื‘ืื•, ืจืื• ืฉืœื ืขืžื“ื• ืžืคื ื™ื”ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืืžืจื•: ืžื” ื–ื”? ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื: ื›ืš ืชื™ืงืŸ ืจืฉื‘"ื’. ืืžืจ ืœื• ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ืœืจ' ื ืชืŸ: ืื ื™ ื—ื›ื ื•ืืชื” ืื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ื ืชืงืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•. ืžื” ื ืขืฉื” ืœื•? ื ืืžืจ ืœื•: ืœืžื“ (ืžืกื›ืช) ืขื•ืงืฆื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• (ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื•ืชื”), ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœืžื“ ื ืืžืจ ืœื•: "ืžื™ ื™ืžืœืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”' ื™ืฉืžื™ืข ื›ืœ ืชื”ืœืชื•" โ€“ ืœืžื™ ื ืื” ืœืžืœืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”' ืžื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ื›ืœ ืชื”ืœื•ืชื™ื• (ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”) ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื• (ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื•), ื•ืื”ื™ื” ืื ื™ ืื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืืชื” ื ืฉื™ื. ืฉืžืขื ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืงืจืฉื™, ืืžืจ: ืฉืžื ื—"ื• ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืฉื”. ื”ืœืš ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืขืœื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉื‘"ื’, ืคื™ืจืฉ, ื’ืจืก ื•ืฉื ื”, ื’ืจืก ื•ืฉื ื” (ืืช ืžืกื›ืช ืขื•ืงืฆื™ืŸ). ืืžืจ (ืจืฉื‘"ื’): ืžื”ื• ืœืคื ื™ (ืžื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื”)? ืฉืžื ื—"ื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžืฉื”ื•, ื ืชืŸ ื“ืขืชื• ื•ื’ืจืก (ืืช ืžืกื›ืช ืขื•ืงืฆื™ืŸ). ืœืžื—ืจ ืืžืจื• ืœื•: ื™ื‘ื•ื ืžืจ ื•ื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืงืฆื™ืŸ. ืคืชื— ื•ืืžืจ. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกื™ื™ื ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื•ืžื“ โ€“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžื‘ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื™. ืฆื™ื•ื”, ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ. ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืชืง, ื•ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฉื. (ืงื•ืฉื™ื) ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชื•ืจืฆืช โ€“ ืžืชื•ืจืฆืช, ื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื•ืจืฅ โ€“ ื›ืชื‘ื• ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืœื• (ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ). ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™: ืชื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืื ื• ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื? ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืจืฉื‘"ื’: ื ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื, ืื‘ืœ ื ืงื ื•ืก ืื•ืชื, ืฉืœื ื™ืืžืจื• ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื. ื”ืขืœื• ืœืจ' ืžืื™ืจ "ืื—ืจื™ื", ื•ืœืจ' ื ืชืŸ "ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื".

ื”ืื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืœื” ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืงืฉื” ื–ื•? ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืš ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืชื ืื™ื. ืžื”ื•, ืืคื•ื, ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฉื‘"ื’ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื•ืจ' ื ืชืŸ?
ืจืฉื‘"ื’, ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ืจืื” ืืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ื ืฉื™ืื•ืช โ€“ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื”ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื™ืงื•ืžื• ืžืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžื›ื•ื—ื” ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื•ืจ' ื ืชืŸ ืจืื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืืช ื”ื›ื— ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ. ืœื ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืืœื ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื•ืขื“ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ. ื”ื—ื›ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ , ื•ืœื ื”ื ืฉื™ื.
ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื ืฉื ืชื” ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืจืฉื‘"ื’, ืืš ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืืœื” ืฉืชื™ ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ื”.

ืžื”ื• ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื”?
ื ืจืื”, ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืฉืจื” ื™ืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ (ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžืฉื ื”, ืขืž' ?? ื‘ืžื”ื“' ืงืคืื—):

โ€ฆื•ื™ื ื”ื’ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื“ื™ื ื™ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืฉืจื”, ื•ืื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ืœื ื™ืคืกื•ืง ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—. ื•ืื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืฉืจ ื™ืคืกื•ืง ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื‘ื™ื“, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื–ืžื ื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ. ื•ื™ื ื™ื— ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืฃ ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื˜ืคืฉื™ื™ื. ื•ืื ื›ืคื™ ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื›ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ืจืื” ืœื• ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ืื– ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื•ื™ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื ืœืื—ื•ืจ, ื•ืžืœืงื™ื ื•ื›ื•ืคื™ื, ื•ืžืคืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ื•ืงื•ืจืขื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืขื“ื™ื”ื ืื ื ืจืื” ืœื”ื ื‘ื”ื ืžื” ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืš, ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืืœื”. ื•ืขืœ ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื: 'ื™ืงื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืจ'. ื›ืœืœื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืจื•ืคื ื”ื‘ืงื™, ื›ื™ ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ื‘ืงื™ ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœืจืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื ื™ืจืคื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืžื™ื, ื•ืื ื™ืจืื” ืฉื”ืžื—ืœื” ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืคื•ืชื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื– ืžืจืคื ื‘ืกืžื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ื•ืชืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจื™ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื™ื, ื•ืื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื—ื•ืœื™ ื›ื‘ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืœื ื™ืชื’ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื™ืจืคืื•ื”ื• ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื•ืžืฉืงื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืืช ื”"ืกืงืžื•ื ื™ื”" ื•ื—ืœื‘ ื”ืคืงื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื”"ืฆื‘ืจ" ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื”ืจืคื•ืื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ืช ื”ื ื’ืขืœื•ืช. ื›ืš ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืคืฉืจ, ื•ืื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื– ื™ืฉืคื•ื˜ ื‘ื ื—ืช ื•ื™ืฉืคื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื›ื™ื, ื•ืื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืžืคื ื™ ืงืฉื™ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ืฆื— ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืื– ื™ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื™ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืขื•ืœื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื ื•โ€ฆ

ืžื”ื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืจื•ืคื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื? ืขื ื•ื”!
ืื“ื ืœืžื“ ืจืคื•ืื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืฉื‘ื ืืœื™ื• ื—ื•ืœื”, ื”ื•ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืœืžื“, ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื—ื•ืœื” ืžื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืžืžื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข. ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ. ืœืžื“ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืฉื‘ืื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืขืœื, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืฆื‘ืจ, ื•ืžืคืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ื”ืื ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืœืžื“ ืฉื ื™ื ื›ื” ืจื‘ื•ืช?
ื ืจืื”, ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื ื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื’ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื. ื”ืจื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ: ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืœื” ืฉื‘ืื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ืžืžืงืจื” ื–ื”. ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืžืจื‘ื” ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ.
ืืš ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืš. "ื•ืื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ืœื ื™ืคืกื•ืง ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—". ื‘ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืคืฉืจื”, ื ืคืชืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื’ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืฉืจื”, ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคืขืช ืชื•ืจื”. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.

ื ืžืฆื, ืฉืคืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื–ื• ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฉื‘"ื’ ืœืจ' ืžืื™ืจ. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจืฉื‘"ื’, ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื โ€“ ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืžืขืฉื™ืช โ€“ ื”ื™ื ืขืฆืžื” ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืคืขืช ืชื•ืจื” "ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช" ืœื—ื™ื™ื. ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืจื•ืื” ืขืจืš ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืžืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.

ื ืจืื”, ืืคื•ื, ืฉื–ื• ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžืจ "ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื‘ืฆื•ืข", ืฉื›ืŸ ืคืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื” ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื3, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžืจ "ืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ืฆื•ืข", ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืคืฉืจื” ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืื•ืฃ ืœื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืœืžืขืœื”, ื•ืœื ื”ืคืฉืจื”.

ื›ื— ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื— ื”ืคืฉืจื”
ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ืก"ืž, ืฉืžื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืคื•ืกืง ืฉืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื) ืขื•ืœื”, ืฉืœืžืกืงื ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื "ืชืœืชื ืชื ืื™ ื‘ืคืฉืจื”": ืœืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื”, ืœืจืฉื‘"ื’ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื—ื“.
ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื (ืฉื•"ืช, ื—"ื‘ ืกื™' ืฉืข"ื‘):

ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื” ืžืฆื™ ืœืžื™ืžืจ 'ื•ื™ืคื” ื›ื— ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื— ื”ืคืฉืจื”', ืฉืฉืœืฉื” ืฉื“ื ื• ื‘ืœื ืงื ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ, ื•ืฉืœืฉื” ืฉืขืฉื• ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืœื ืงื ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื".

ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื›ื™ื ื™ืฉ, ื•ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื: ื. ื™ืคื” ื›ื— ื”ืคืฉืจื” ืžื›ื— ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื‘. ื™ืคื” ื›ื— ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื— ื”ืคืฉืจื”.
ืจืฉื‘"ื’ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉ"ื™ืคื” ื›ื— ื”ืคืฉืจื”". ืืžื ื ื’ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื”ืคื•ืš ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื, ืืš ืจืฉื‘"ื’ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•. ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืจืฉื‘"ื’ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื•. ื›ื— ื”ืคืฉืจื” ื™ืคื” ืžื›ื— ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ืจืง ืžืฆื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืคืฉืจื” ื›ื— ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืœื ืžืฆื“ ืฉืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืคืฉืจื” ืขื“ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ.
ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ, ืœืขื•ืžืชื•, ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ื— ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืคื”, ื•ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืคืฉืจื”. ืœืจ' ืžืื™ืจ "ืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ืฆื•ืข", ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื ื ืจืžื–ืช ื“ืขืชื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคืฉืจื”. "ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข" ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช, ื•ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉ"ืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ืฆื•ืข" ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” (ืขื™' "ื™ื“ ืจืžื”" ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”) ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืคืฉืจื” ืื™ื ื ื” ื“ืจืš ืจืฆื•ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจืขืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.

ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื
ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจืฉื‘"ื’ ื•ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” (ื”ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื™"ื’ ืข"ื‘, ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ), ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืฉืจื”. ืœืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื™ืคื” ื›ื— ื”ื“ื™ืŸ โ€“ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœืจืฉื‘"ื’ ื™ืคื” ื›ื— ื”ืคืฉืจื” โ€“ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.

* ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื”
ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืคืฉืจื”4, ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื (ืจืื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืก' 3) ื”ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ "ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช", ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืื—ื“ ื”ืžื–ื›ื”, ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘, ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข.
ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืืžืจื• (ืค"ื ื”"ื):

ืืžืจ ืจ' ืžืชื ื™ื™ื” ืืฃ ื”ืคืฉืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื›ืจืข ื”ื“ืขืช.

ืืฃ ืคืฉืจื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืจืขื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืฃ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื”ื›ืจืขื”. ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื›ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื โ€“ ื–ื›ืื™ ืื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘. ื‘ืคืฉืจื” ื”ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื โ€“ ืœื•ืงื— ืžื›ืœ ืฆื“ ื—ืœืง ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืคืฉืจื”5. ืฉืžื ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืงืจืืช ื”ืคืฉืจื” "ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข" ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ "ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข" ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• "ื—ื™ืชื•ืš". ื”ืžืคืฉืจ ื—ื•ืชืš ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื–ื”, ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœืœ ืžื™ืฆื•ืข โ€“ ื•ื–ื• ื”ืคืฉืจื”.

* ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“
ืืฃ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจ "ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“" ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืคืฉืจื” ื›ื”ื›ืจืขื”, ืืœื ืฉื–ื• ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ืืฃ ืœืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื•. ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืœื ื›ืฆื“ ื–ื” ื•ืœื ื›ืฆื“ ื–ื”.
ื”ื‘ื”ืจืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืคื•ืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™. ืฉืืœื• ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ืจ' ืžื ื—ื ืžื ื“ืœ ืžืงื•ืฆืง: ืžื“ื•ืข ืืชื” ื›ื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืชืš, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืคื•ืกืง ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืฆืข (ื”ืœ' ื“ืขื•ืช ืค"ื‘)?! ืขื ื” ืœื”ื: ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข, ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.
ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžืงื•ืฆืง. ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ 'ืืžืฆืข' ื™ืฉ. ื™ืฉ ืืžืฆืข ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืื—ื“ื, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืืžืฆืข ื‘ื• ืžื•ืจื” ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœืœื›ืช. ื•ื™ืฉ ืืžืฆืข ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืœื ืžื–ื” ื•ืœื ืžื–ื”. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืืžืฆืข ืžืžื ื• ื”ืชืจื—ืง ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžืงื•ืฆืง.
ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืื—ื“ืช ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื•ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืชืจื—ืงืช ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจืื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“.

* ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื
ืจืฉื‘"ื’ (ืœืคื™ ื’ื™ืจืกืช ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื•ื“ืœื ื›ืชื•ืกืคืชื) ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื.
ืจืฉื‘"ื’ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืคืฉืจื” ื™ืฉ ื’ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืคืฉืจ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื.
ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืคืฉืจื” ื›ืŸ. ืžื“ื•ืข? ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื, "ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืœ" ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื™ืชื›ืŸ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช. ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืชืชื’ืœืข ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช โ€“ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื• ืื—ื“ ืื• ืฉื™ืชืคืฉืจื• ืขืœ ื“ืขื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื. ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืš, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืืžืช, ื•ืืœ ืœื• ืœื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžื“ืขืชื• ื›ืžืœื•ื ื ื™ืžื”.
ื‘ืคืฉืจื”, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ืชืชื’ืœืข ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช โ€“ ื™ื›ืจื™ืขื• ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืคืฉืจื”. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืคืฉืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ื›ืจืขื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืกื›ืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉืืฃ ืœื”ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช6.
ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉื‘"ื’ ืฉืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืคืฉืจื”, ืืœื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืœืฉื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืคืฉืจื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ "ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ืคืฉืจื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ", ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื ื™ื ืืœื” ื’ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ7.

ื”ืงื ื™ืŸ
ื ืจืื”, ืฉื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืงื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืฉืจื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืคืฉืจื”.
ื”ืงื ื™ืŸ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืคืฉืจื™ื ืืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื›ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื›ืจืขื” ืœื ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื”ื ืจืง ืžืฆื™ื™ืชื™ื ืœื”ื›ืจืขืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.
ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžืฉื ื”), ื”ืคืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื•ืคื, ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ืชืจื•ืคื” ืืœื ืžื•ืจื” ืœื—ื•ืœื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” โ€“ ืžื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืžื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœืื›ื•ืœ. ื›ืš ื”ืคืฉืจื” โ€“ ืื™ื ื ื” ืžื•ืจื” ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ื”ื•ื’, ืขืœ ืคื™ "ื”ื•ืจืื” ืžื’ื‘ื•ื”", ืืœื ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื” ืื•ืชื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื—ื•ืœื” ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ โ€“ ื”ืžืคืฉืจ โ€“ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื”ืชืงื™ื ื™ื.
ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื–ื• ืœืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืงื ื™ืŸ. ื”ืงื ื™ืŸ ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœื”ื›ืจืขืช ื”ืคืฉืจื”8.
ื ืจืื”, ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืงื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืฉืจื” ืขืœื™ื” ืขืžื“ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ (ื”ืขืจื” 2), ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช.
ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžื‘ืืจ (ืื’ืจื•ืช ืจืื™"ื” ื—"ื, ืื’ืจืช ืฉืœ"ื‘):

ื›ืœืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื, ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืื—ืจ ื™ืจื™ื“ื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื™ ืื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืฆื“ ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื—-ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช, ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžืขื•ื˜ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืื•ืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื’ื ื›ืŸ, ื•ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ, ื‘ืกื•ื“ "ื™ืชืคืจื“ื• ื›ืœ ืคื•ืขืœื™ ืื•ืŸ". ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื›ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื™ื•ืชื” ื”ื™ื ืžืœืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ืจ ื“' ืžื›ืคื™ ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ, ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื’ืœื” ืœืขื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื‘ื ืžืฉื™ื— ืฆื“ืงื ื•, ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืฉื™ืฆื ืž"ื”ื™ื›ืœ ืงืŸ ืฆืคื•ืจ", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ืžื›ืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉื‘ื›ื— ื™ื’ืœื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ืจืื• ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื—ื“ื•.

ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื”. ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื. ืื•ืœื, ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืขื•ืœื”9. ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชืขืœื”.
ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืฉืจื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื”. ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืฉืจื” ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ โ€“ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ โ€“ ืืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืขืœืชื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืงื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืฉืจื”. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื. ืจื‘ ืืฉื™ ืžืขืœื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ื–ื•, ืืš ื“ื•ื—ื” ืื•ืชื”, ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ืคืกืงื” ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืงื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืฉืจื”10.


1 ื ืจืื”, ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช. ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ืœืคืฉืจื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื• ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ืคืฉืจื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.
2 ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื–ื• ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืœืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื•ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ืืžื•ืจืื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ืŸ. ืจื‘ ืืฉื™, ืžืื—ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ืืžื•ืจืื™ื, ืžืขืœื” ื–ืืช ื›ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื—ื” ืื•ืชื”. ื•ืžืกืงื ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื: "ื”ืœื›ืชื" โ€“ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ โ€“ ื”ื™ื, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืงื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืฉืจื” (ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื–ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืกืชืžื ื“ื’ืžืจื ืื™ื ื• ืจื‘ ืืฉื™ ืืœื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืจื‘ ืืฉื™ ืกื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืืช ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื ืฉืœ ืกืชืžื ื“ื’ืžืจื). ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื ื“ื‘ืš ืœืงื ื™ืŸ, ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืคืฉืจื”, ื•ืจืื” ืœืงืžืŸ.
3 ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช: "ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื ืชืชื™ ื‘ื›ื, ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ื" (ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื—"ื’ ืขืž' ืงืœ"ื—, ื•ืžืงื•ืจื• ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข).
4 ื›ืš ืขื•ืœื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื›"ื‘, ื•'): "ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืคืฉืจื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—".
ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืชื (ืค"ื ื”"ื“) ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจืฉื‘"ื’: "ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื›ืš ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื”". ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ืขืฉื™ื™ืชื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืคืฉืจื” ืœื. ื ืจืื” ืฉืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ: 'ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื›ืš ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืคืฉืจ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื”', ืฉื”ืจื™ ืืฃ ืคืฉืจื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื”.
5 ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข" (ืขื™' ืฉื‘ืช ืž' ืข"ื ื•ื‘ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“"ื” "ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื™ื” ืจ' ืขืงื™ื‘ื"), ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืžื•ืชื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ื—ื™ื“. ื›ืš ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืคืฉืจื” ืžืื—ื“ ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื (ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืคืฉืจื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืจื•ื‘, ืขื™' ืชื•ืก' ื•' ืข"ื ื“"ื” "ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข", ื”ืžืฉืœ ืž"ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข" ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืฉืจื”, ื•ืขื™' ืœืงืžืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ืขืช ืจืฉื‘"ื’).
6 ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืกื‘ืจื ื–ื• ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก', ืฉื‘ืคืฉืจื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืจื•ื‘, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ืคืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืœ, ืฉื™ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืฉืจื” ื•ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
7 ื”ืงื ื™ืŸ, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืคืฉืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืงื ื™ืŸ", ืื™ื ื• ื—ืœืง ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืœื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืฉืจื”, ืืœื ืชื ืื™. ืฉื ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืคืฉืจื”, ื•ื”ื›ืจืขืชื ื”ื›ืจืขื”, ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืชื ืื™ โ€“ ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื ื™ืŸ. ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื "ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“", ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื ื™ืŸ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืคืฉืจื”, ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืชื•ืงืฃ ืœื”ื›ืจืขืช ื”ืžืคืฉืจ.
8 ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื–ื• ืœืคืฉืจื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉื‘"ื’ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ, ื”ืจื•ืื” ื’ื ื‘ืคืฉืจื” ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.
9 ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื’ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ื ื’ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ. ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื, ืืš ื”ื›ืœืœ ืžืชืขืœื”.
10 ืฉืžื ื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื›ืš ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ืžืจื. ื‘ื“ืฃ ื•' ืข"ื‘ ืžื•ื‘ื: "ื ื’ืžืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ โ€“ ืื™ ืืชื” ืจืฉืื™ ืœื‘ืฆื•ืข". ื”ืคื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืคืฉืจื”. ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืžื•ื‘ื: "โ€ฆืืชื” ืจืฉืื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ: ืฆืื• ื•ื‘ืฆืขื•". ื”ืคื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *