ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื“ืจื›ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ โ€“ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื˜ืดื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืณืชืฉืคืดื“
 
25/01/2024

ืื—ืช ืžื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืจื™ื™ื ืก ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ:

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคืจืฉื” ื˜"ื– ืื•ืช ื‘':
ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื”ื–ื”ื‘, ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ื•ื“ืื™. ื•ื–ื”ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง: ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ื™ ื“ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื™ื”, ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ื™ ื“ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื™.
ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ื”ื•: ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื—ืœืง ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืขื•ืœืžื•, ืื“ื ืคื•ืจื˜ ื–ื”ื•ื‘ ืื—ื“ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื›ืžื” ื™ืฆื™ืื•ืชโ€ฆ
ื•ืžืฉื ื™ืคืจื“ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื“' ื ื”ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืืŸ, ืืœื ืœื“' ืจืืฉื™ื, ืืœื• ื“' ื’ืœื™ื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื“' ืจืืฉื™ืโ€ฆ
ืฉื ื”ืื—ื“ ืคื™ืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ื–ื• ื‘ื‘ืœ โ€“ ืขืœ ืฉื (ื—ื‘ืงื•ืง ื) ื•ืคืฉื• ืคืจืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ื”ื—ื•ื™ืœื”, ืฉืขืœื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื” (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืžื‘): ื”ื•ื—ื™ืœื™ ืœืืœื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ืขื•ื“ ืื•ื“ื ื•.
ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื”ื–ื”ื‘, ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ืŸ ื ื—ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื”ื‘ ื•ืžืคื– ืจื‘ .
ื•"ื–ื”ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘", ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืชื•ืจืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื ื—ื›ืžื” ื›ื—ื›ืžืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืฉื ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืœื— ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื”ื ื•ื’ื•', ืžืงืจื ืžืฉื ื” ื•ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืชื•ืกืคืชื ื•ืื’ื“ื”.
ื”ืจื‘ ืจื™ื™ื ืก
ื•ื‘ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” (ืคืจืฉื” ื˜โ€ื–) โ€œืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ื”ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื—ืœืง ื”ืงื‘โ€ื” ืœืขื•ืœืžื•, ืื“ื ืคื•ืจื˜ ื–ื”ื‘ ืื—ื“ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื›ืžื” ื™ืฆื™ืื•ืชโ€ ื•ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื” ื”ืชื•ื›ื™ืช ืžื–ื” ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื•ืžืจื•ื™ื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื”, ืืฉืจ ืชื—ืช ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆื ืขืชื” ื‘ื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ ื•ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื–ื”ื•ื‘ ืื—ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื–ื”ื‘, ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืื ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืืœื™ื”ื ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžื” ืฉื“ืจืฉื• ืฉื โ€œื•ื–ื”ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืชื•ืจืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ ื“ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื›ืœืœื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ื–ื”

ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืจื‘ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื, ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื, ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืชืจื’ื•ื ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื ื•ื– ื‘ื•. ื›ืš ื’ื ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžืชื‘ื˜ืื™ื ื•ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื.
ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ืœืš:

ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ื“ืฃ ื“ ืขืžื•ื“ ื
ืื™ ืืžืจืช ื‘ืฉืœืžื ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ื™ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื‘ โ€“ ืžืชืงื ื™ ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืืœื ืื™ ืืžืจืช ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ื™ืœืš ืคื˜ื•ืจ โ€“ ืžืชืงื ื™ ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื“ืœื™ืชื ื“ื›ื•ื•ืชื” ื‘ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื.

ืžื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœืš ืขื•ืœื” ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“: ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ืชืงื ื• ืชืงื ื” ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื•ื˜ืขื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืงื ื” ืืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื‘ืกื™ืก ืชื•ืจื ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ืชืงื ื”.
ืื ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ืฉ:1. ืฆื•ืจืš 2. ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.
ื–ื” ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจ' ื—ื™ื™ื. ืืš ืจื‘ ืฉืฉืช ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืชืงื ื” ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืคืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ืŸ ื ื›ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ืœืคื™ ืจื‘ ืฉืฉืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”'1 ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ื•ืจ' ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืžืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืชืงืŸ ื‘ื• ืชืงื ื”.

ืื ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ืฉืจื‘ ืฉืฉืช ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ "ื›ืœ ื“ืชืงื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืชืงื•ืŸ", ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื’ืžืจื ืžื•ื ื” 3 ืชืงื ื• ืชืฉืื›ืŸ ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื–ื”:

ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื™"ื“ ืข"ื
ืืžืจ ืžืจ ื–ื•ื˜ืจื ื”ื ื™ ืชืœืช ืžื™ืœื™ ืฉื•ื™ื ื”ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื ื‘ืœื ื˜ืขืžื ื—ื“ื ื”ื ื•ืื™ื“ืš ื“ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื›ืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื• ืœืืฉืชื• ืœื ืขืฉืื” ืืœื ืืคื™ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื ื•ืื™ื“ืš ื“ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื—ื ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื ืืฉื” ืœื‘ื ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืงื ืื•.
ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื“"ื” "ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื"
ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื ื‘ืœื ื˜ืขื โ€“ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืœืžื” ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœืฉืชืŸ ืชืงื ื• ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื˜ืจื•ื— ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื ื›ืกื™ื• ืœืืฉืชื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœื ืฉื‘ื™ืง ืœื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื‘ ืœืื—ืจื™ื ื™ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ืืœื ืœื—ืœืง ืœื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœืžื ื•ืชื” ืืคื™ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื ื•ืžืฉื™ื ืืฉื” ืœื‘ื ื• ื›ืฉื”ืื‘ ืžืกื™ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืกืžื›ื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ืขืชื ื“ื‘ืŸ ื›ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ื‘ืค' ืžื™ ืฉืžืช (ื‘"ื‘ ื“' ืงืžื“.).

ืžื›ืืŸ ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื”"ื› 3 ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื ืœืœื ื˜ืขื ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœืชืงื ื”, ืืข"ืค ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื—ื›ืžื™ื ืชื™ืงื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืงื ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•.
ื•ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืงื ื” ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช:

ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื“ืฃ ื“' ืื•ืช ื“
ื“ืฃ ื“'. ืจื‘ ืืฉื™ ืืžืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืชื™ืจื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื›ืžื• ื“ื“ืฉื™ืœ"ืž ืœื ื‘ื˜ืœ, ื”"ื  ืกืคืง ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ื•ืžืงืฉื™ืŸ ืžื–ื”, ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื ื“ืจื™ื ื "ื‘ ื“ื˜ืขืžื ื“ื“ืฉื™ืœ"ืž ืžืฉื•ื ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•, ื•ื"ื› ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื›ืœืœ ืœืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื•ื™"ืœ ื“ื”ื ืข"ื› ื’ื ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื“ืฉื™ืœ"ืž ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•, ื“ื”ื ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื’ื ื“ืฉื™ืœ"ืž ื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืจื•ื‘, ื‘"ืž ื "ื’, ื•ื"ื› ืื›ืชื™ ืชื™ืงืฉื™, ืื™ื–ื” ื˜ืขื ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ, ื“ืœื ื‘ื˜ืœ ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืข"ื› ืฆ"ืœ, ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืขื“ ืฉืชืื›ืœื ื• ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชืื›ืœื ื• ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื ื“ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืœื˜ืขืžื ื“ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื) ืื™ื–ื” ื˜ืขื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ื‘) ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืžื™ืœืชื ื“ืœื™ื›ื ื“ื›ื•ืชื ื‘ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื ืžืชืงื ื™ ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืŸ ืžืกืžื™ื›ื™ืŸ ื’ื–ืจื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืœืื™ื–ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื•ื”"ื  ื‘ื“ืฉื™ืœ"ืž ืกืžื›ื• ื’ื–ื™ืจืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื“ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื• ืœื ื‘ื˜ืœ, ื•ืžื”"ื˜ ืžืคืœื’ื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื“ืฉื™ืœ"ืž ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื• ืœืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื ื•, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืง"ื— ื“"ื” ื“ื™ืœืžื ืื–ื™ืœ ื•ืžืฉื‘ืฉ, ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืžืชืคืจืฉื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื–ื”.


ื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื•ืฆืื”- ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื” ืื• ื˜ืขื ื”ืชืงื ื”
ื ืจืื” ื›ืขืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืชืงื ื” ื•ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”(ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื˜ืขื):

ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืฉื‘ืช ืคื›"ื“ ื”ื™"ื‘-ื™"ื’
ืืกืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœ ืžืงืฆืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ. ื•ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ื ื’ืขื• ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื–ื”, ืืžืจื• ื•ืžื” ืื ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื• ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ืฆื•ื• ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ืš ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ืš ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ืœื™ื ืžืคื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื ื” ืื• ืžื‘ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ืื• ืœื”ืฆื ื™ืข ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื”ืŸ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืชืขืกืง ื‘ื• ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืœื ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”') ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ื ื•ื—.
ื•ืขื•ื“, ื›ืฉื™ื‘ืงืจ ื•ื™ื˜ืœื˜ืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืžืœืื›ืชืŸ ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืชืขืกืง ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืขื˜ ื•ื™ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžืœืื›ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืงืฆืช ื”ืขื ืื™ื ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื•ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืงืจื ื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ืชื™ื ืžืžืœืื›ื” ื•ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืœืš ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœ ื›ืฉืืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ืžืฆื ืฉืœื ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื”ื ื™ื›ืจืช. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉื•ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื“ื, ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื ื’ืขื• ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ, ื•ืืกืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืœื˜ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืืœื ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืชื‘ืืจ.

ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืฆื” ืชื•ืงืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ืชืขืกืงื• ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื—ืคืฆื™ ื—ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช.
ืืš ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืชืงื ื” ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™:

ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืฉื
ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื ื’ืขื• ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ ื•ืืกืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืœื˜ืœ ืืœื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืชื‘ืืจ. ืืžืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื: ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื›ื“) ืื˜ื• ื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ ืœืื• ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื”ื•ื, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• (ืฉื ืฉื‘ืช ืงื›ื’) ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื—ื›ืœื™ื” ื ืฉื ื™ืช ืžืฉื ื” ื–ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉืœืฉื” ื›ืœื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื ื˜ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื—ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืืกืจื• ื‘ื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืกืจื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆืื”.

ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืžื‘ื™ื ื’ืžืจื ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื”?
ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืชืคืก ืฉื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื–ื” ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื” ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขื ื”ืชืงื ื”.


1 ื›ืš ืžืฉืžืข ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืื™ื’ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง: ืื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื” ื' ืื’ืจืช ื›' โ€“ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืขืฆืช ื“' ืฉื”ืคืœื™ื ืขืฆื”, ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืชื•ืฉื™ื”, ืฉื›ืคื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืฉื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ืžืชืžืขื˜ื™ื, ื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื™' ื ื’ืจืข ื›ื— ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช, ื•ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ื• ืœืขื“ื” ืขืœ ื—ืคืฅ ื“', ื•ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžื ื™ืขื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื›ืžื• ื™ืจืืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘, ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžื ื™ืขื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ืฉืžื”ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉืœื ืœืืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืฉืžืข. ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžื ื™ืขื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื”ื ื ื• ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื–ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื ื›ืืœื”. ื•ืืš ืœื–ื” ื”ื ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืฉืจืฉื‘"ื™ ืฉืžื— ืขืœ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฉืขืชื, ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœื™ืช ืื ืŸ ื—ื›ื™ื ืžื™ื“ืŸ.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *