ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืžืืกืคืกื•ืฃ ืœืืกื™ืคืช ื–ืงื ื™ื โ€“ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื™ืดื’ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื’
 
13/06/2003

ืžืืกืคืกื•ืฃ ืœืืกื™ืคืช ื–ืงื ื™ื โ€“ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ

ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžืชื•ืืจ ืžืกืข ื”ืžื—ื ื•ืช. ืœืงื•ืœ ืชืจื•ืขืช ื”ื—ืฆื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืœืกื“ืจื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืืจื•ืŸ ื”'.
ืื•ืœื, ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืจื•ืžื ื–ื” ื‘ืื” ื ืคื™ืœื” ืงืฉื”1:

ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื”ืขื ื›ืžืชืื ื ื™ื ืจืข ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ื”' ื•ื™ืฉืžืข ื”' ื•ื™ื—ืจ ืืคื• ื•ืชื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื ืืฉ ื”' ื•ืชืื›ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืžื—ื ื”. ื•ื™ืฆืขืง ื”ืขื ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืžืฉื” ืืœ ื”' ื•ืชืฉืงืข ื”ืืฉ. ื•ื™ืงืจื ืฉื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืชื‘ืขืจื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืจื” ื‘ื ืืฉ ื”'.

ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืœื ืžืชืืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ื˜ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ืคื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”' ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ, ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื', ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”, ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื‘'. ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืฉืชื2:

ื•ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืžืฉื” ื”ื˜ื™ื— ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื•ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืžืฉื” ืืœ ื”" โ€“ ืืœ ืชืงืจื™ 'ืืœ' ื”' ืืœื 'ืขืœ' ื”', ืฉื›ืŸ ื“ื‘ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœืืœืคื™ืŸ ืขื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืขื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ ืืœืคื™ืŸ.

ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื•ืืœ:

ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื–ื” ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ 'ื•ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืืœ ื”" ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืžื” ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ื”ืžืงืจื ืžืœื ืžื”ื ื•ืžื™ ื”ื›ืจื™ื— ืœืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฉื” ืืœ ืชืงืจื™ 'ืืœ' ืืœื 'ืขืœ' ื•ืฉื”ื˜ื™ื— ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื›ื•', ื•ื’ื ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื ืงืจื 'ื•ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืืœ ื”' ื•ื’ื•" ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฉื”, ื•ืื ื ื’ื™ื” 'ื•ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืžืฉื” ืืœ ื”' ื•ื’ื•" ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืงืจื ื“ืคืจืฉืช ืžืชืื•ื ื ื™ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืžืื™ ื”ื˜ื—ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ื›ื ืฉื?!

ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ืฉื•ืืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืจืื” ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืชืื•ื ื ื™ื ืฉืžืฉื” ื”ื˜ื™ื— ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื”, ื•ื”ืจื™ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืืœ ื”' ื•ื”ืืฉ ืฉืงืขื”?
ื ืจืื” ืœืคื™ ืคืฉื˜ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืชืื•ื ื ื™ื ื”ืชืื•ื ื ื• "ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ ื”'", ื•ืจืง ื”' ืฉืžืข ืืช ื˜ืขื ืชื. ืžืฉื” ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ืคืœื ืฉืœ ืžื—ื ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœืคืชืข ื‘ื•ืขืจืช ืืฉ ื”' ื‘ืžื—ื ื”. ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื”ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื”: ืขืœ ืžื” ื•ืœืžื” ื‘ืื” ื”ืืฉ, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ืคืœื ื•ืžืกื•ื“ืจ?
ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื?
ื ืจืื”, ืฉืื›ืŸ ืจืง ื”' ืฉืžืข ืืช ื”ืžืชืื•ื ื ื™ื. ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ืื›ืŸ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื”, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœื•ืงื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ืื—ืจ ื›ืš. ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื ืžืฆื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืื•ื”, ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ื ืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.
ื”ืœืงื— ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ. ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ืŸ ืจืง ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ืฉืจืฉื™ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื ืฉืžืขื™ื "ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ื”'", ื•ืฉื ื’ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ. ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื‘ืขื™ื”.
ืžื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”' ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ "ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืื•ื”", ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื”ืขื ืžืชืœื•ื ืŸ โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจ โ€“ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช, "ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื•" โ€“ ืขืœ ืขืกืงื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื• โ€“ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”?
ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชืืจืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืจืžื•ืช.
ื. ื”' ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉืจ โ€“ ื”ืฉืœื• ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”.
ื‘. ื”' ืžืฆื•ื” ืืช ืžืฉื” ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื–ืงื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื.
ื’. ืืœื“ื“ ื•ืžื™ื“ื“ ืžืชื ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื ื”.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื:
ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจ โ€“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืจ. ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืฆืฅ. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ืžืœื˜ ืžื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™.
ืื•ืœื, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš. ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ืจืง ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืขื ืฉื™ืžื ืข ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื ืืกืคื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื–ืงื ื™ื ืฉื™ืœืžื“ื• ืืช ื”ืขื ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ.
ืืœื“ื“ ื•ืžื™ื“ื“ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื’ื ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืคื•ืชืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”. ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœืฆืืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ื ื”. ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืื”ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื”ืชื ื‘ื ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืืœ ืฉืจืฉื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืžืฉื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืคื’ืžื™ื.
ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืืชื ืฉืœ ืืœื“ื“ ื•ืžื™ื“ื“. ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ื‘ื•ืืชื3:

ื•ืžื” ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื ืชื ื‘ืื•, ืืžืจื• ืžืฉื” ืžืช, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ.
ืื‘ื ื—ื ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืขืœ ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืœื™ื• ื”ืŸ ืžืชื ื‘ืื™ื "ืขืœื™ ืฉืœื™ื• ืขืœื™ ืฉืœื™ื•".
ืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืืžืจ ืขืœ ืขืกืงื™ ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื ื‘ืื™ืŸโ€ฆ

ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ืชื ื‘ืื• ืืœื“ื“ ื•ืžื™ื“ื“ ืขืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืขื™ื” โ€“ "ืขืœื™ ืฉืœื•" โ€“ ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืจืฉ"ื™ โ€“ "ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืขื” ื”ื™ืชื”".
ื‘ืจืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช โ€“ "ืžืฉื” ืžืช, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžื›ื ื™ืก" โ€“ ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื“ื•ืจ. ื“ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ. ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื•, ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื•, ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื ื”ื’ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื“ื•ืจ ืžืขื‘ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ื™ื” ื”ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช, ื—ืœืงื• ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ื, ื•ื—ืœืง ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื•ืžื ืกื” ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช. ืคืขืจื™ื ืืœื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื ืคื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืชื•ืจื ื™ืช ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ืฉืชืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช. ื’ื ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืžืื™ืจื™ื ืืœื“ื“ ื•ืžื™ื“ื“.
ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื ืžืชื ืฉืื™ื ืขื“ ืœื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื โ€“ "ืขืกืงื™ ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’".
ืžื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’?
ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง4 "ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ืฉื˜ืคื•ื” ืื ื™ืชืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื•ื– ื™ื‘ื•ื–ื• ืœื•". ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ5:

ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื”ื•ื” ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื•ืกืœื™ืง ืžื˜ื‘ืจื™ื” ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื” ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื ืกืžืš ืœื™ื” ืžื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ืงืœื ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ืงืœื ื”ื•ืช ื“ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื–ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืžืœืขื™ ื‘ืื•ืจื™ืชื ืžื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืจื ื•ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืจื ื“ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื” ื•ื–ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืžืœืขื™ ื‘ืื•ืจื™ืชื ืžื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื–ื™ืชื ื•ืืžืจ ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืฉืจื™ ืจ' ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื ื‘ื›ื™ ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืžื” ืืช ื‘ื›ื™ ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ื‘ื›ื™ ืื ื ื“ืœื ืฉื‘ืงืช ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ืš ื›ืœื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื•ื ืงืœื” ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืฉืžื›ืจืชื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›') 'ื›ื™ ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ื ืขืฉื” ื”" ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ"ื“) 'ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืฉื ืขื ื”' ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื' ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜') 'ื•ืืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื' ื›ื“ ื“ืžืš ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืจื• ืงื•ืจื ืขืœื™ื• 'ืื ื™ืชืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืื”ื‘ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื•ื– ื™ื‘ื•ื–ื• ืœื•'.
ืชืจื’ื•ื: ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืžื˜ื‘ืจื™ื” ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื ืกื•ืžื›ื• (ืชื•ืžื›ื•) ืœืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ. ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉื“ื” ืื—ื“, ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืฉื“ื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื•ืžื›ืจืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื›ืจื ืื—ื“ ื•ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืจื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื•ืžื›ืจืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื›ืจื ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื•ืืžืจ ื›ืŸ, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืจ' ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื›ื”, ืืžืจ ืœื• ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ืืชื” ื‘ื•ื›ื”, ืืžืจ ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื›ื” ืฉืœื ื”ืฉืืจืช ืœื–ืงื ืชืš ื›ืœื•ื, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื•ืงืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืฉืžื›ืจืชื™ ื“ื‘ืจ (=ื”ืฉื“ื” ื”ื›ืจื ื•ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื) ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›') 'ื›ื™ ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ื ืขืฉื” ื”" ืืœื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ"ื“) 'ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืฉื ืขื ื”' ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื' ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜') 'ื•ืืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื'. ื›ืฉืžืช ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืจื• ืงื•ืจื ืขืœื™ื• 'ืื ื™ืชืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืื”ื‘ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื•ื– ื™ื‘ื•ื–ื• ืœื•'.

ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื ืชืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื™ื—ื“. ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืจืื” ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื•, ื•ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ.
ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ืขืœ ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืžืชืจื’ื:

ื•ืื™ืœื•ืœื™ ื™ื”ื‘ ื’ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื™ื” ืœืžืงื ื™ ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื ื‘ื’ืœื•ืชื ืื ื ืžื”ื“ืจ ืœื™ื” ื›ืคื™ืœ ืœืขืœืžื ื“ืืชื™ ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื–ืชื ื“ื™ื‘ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืŸ ืžืฉืจื™ืชื™ื” ื“ื’ื•ื’ ื™ื”ื™ ื“ื™ืœื™ื”.
ืชืจื’ื•ื: ื•ืื ื™ืชืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ืื ื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื• ื›ืคื•ืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื–ื” ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื–ื• ืžืžื—ื ื” ื’ื•ื’ ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื•.

ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื‘ื™ื–ืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’. ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื•, ื•ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื—ื“. ื”ื‘ื™ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื” ื‘ื–ื™ื•ืŸ.
ืื™ืŸ ืกืชื™ืจื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื”ื‘ืช ื”' ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ. ื”ืกืชื™ืจื” ื ืžืฆืืช ืจืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื•, ืื•ืœื ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืžืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื—ื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื”ื‘ืช ื”' ื•ืœืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื‘ื™ื–ืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืจื›ื•ืฉื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืœื•ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื”. ืื ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช โ€“ ืžืฆื‘ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื™ืจื•ื“, ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืื—ื–ื™ื, "ืžืคืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื" ื•ืขื•ื“.
ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืื—ื– ืื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” โ€“ ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื–ืืช.
ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืื‘ ื•ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื–ืืช.
ืขื ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืขืจื™ื, ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ "ืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ื" ื•ื‘ื“ื•ื›ื ื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื. ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื”ืขื ืืœ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืœื ื™ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.
ืื•ืœื, ื’ื ื‘ื–ืืช ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™. ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืกื•ืง ื’ื, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืืฉืจ "ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ื”'". ื”ื•ืกืคื” ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ โ€“ ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ื ืฉืžืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืืžื•ื ื”, ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื•ืžื”ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ "ืชื•ืจืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" โ€“ ื›ืืŸ ื ืขื•ืฅ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืงืจื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืจืžื•ืช ื•ื™ืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉื”.
ืจืง ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ, ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ืชื‘ื•ื ืขืœ ืคืชืจื•ื ื” ื”ืžืœื.


1 ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™"ื, ื' โ€“ ื’'.
2 ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœ"ื‘ ืข"ื.
3 ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื™"ื– ืข"ื.
4 ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื—', ื–'.
5 ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื—', ื—'.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *