ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืงืจื— โ€“ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื ื™ืงื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื›ืดื– ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื’
 
27/06/2003

ืงื•ืจื— โ€“ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื ื™ืงื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืžื‘ื˜ ืžื•ืกืจื™ ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ืงืจื—

ืคืจืฉืช ืงืจื— ื ื“ืจืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ื–ื• ื ื ืกื” ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจื—, ื•ืœื“ืœื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืกืจื™.

ื—ื–"ืœ ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื1:

'ื•ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืœืฆื™ื ืœื ื™ืฉื‘' โ€“ ื–ื” ืงืจื— ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืชืœื•ืฆืฅ ืขืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ืื”ืจืŸ. ืžื” ืขืฉื”? ื›ื™ื ืก ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืงืจื— ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื“ื”', ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืœื™ืฆื ื•ืช. ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืืœืžื ื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื›ื ื•ืชื™ ื•ืขืžื” ืฉืชื™ ื ืขืจื•ืช ื™ืชื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืฉื“ื” ืื—ืช. ื‘ืืช ืœื—ืจื•ืฉ, ืืžืจ ืœื” ืžืฉื” 'ืœื ืชื—ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื—ืžื•ืจ ื™ื—ื“ื•'. ื‘ืืช ืœื–ืจื•ืข, ืืžืจ ืœื” 'ืฉื“ืš ืœื ืชื–ืจืข ื›ืœืื™ื'. ื‘ืืช ืœืงืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขืจื™ืžื”, ืืžืจ ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืœืงื˜ ืฉื›ื—ื” ื•ืคืื”. ื‘ืืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืŸ, ืืžืจ ืœื” ืชื ื™ ืชืจื•ืžื” ื•ืžืขืฉืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™, ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื” ืขืœื™ื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื ืชื ื” ืœื•, ืžื” ืขืฉืชื” ืขืžื“ื” ื•ืžื›ืจื” ืืช ื”ืฉื“ื” ื•ืœืงื—ื” ืฉืชื™ ื›ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื’ื™ื–ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื“ื•, ื‘ื ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ืืžืจ ืœื” ืชื ื™ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช, ืฉื›ืš ืืžืจ ืœื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” 'ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืœื“ ื•ื’ื•" ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื” ืขืœื™ื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื ืชื ื” ืœื• ืืช ื”ื•ืœื“ื•ืช. ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ื–ื™ื–ื” ื•ื’ื–ื–ื” ืื•ืชืŸ, ืืžืจ ืœื” ืชื ื™ ืœื™ ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื’ื– ืฉื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” 'ื•ืจืืฉื™ืช ื’ื– ืฆืื ืš ืชืชืŸ ืœื•' ืืžืจื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ ื›ื— ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ืฉื•ื—ื˜ืชืŸ ื•ืื•ื›ืœืชืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื—ื˜ื”, ืืžืจ ืœื” ืชื ื™ ืœื™ ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื•ื”ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื™ื‘ื”. ืืžืจื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืจ ืฉืฉื—ื˜ืชื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื ืฆืœืชื™ ืžื™ื“ื•, ื•ืืžืจื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ืŸ ืขืœื™ ื—ืจื, ืืžืจ ืœื” ื›ื•ืœื• ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื›ืš ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” 'ื›ืœ ื—ืจื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืš ื™ื”ื™ื”', ื ื˜ืœ ื•ื”ืœืš ืœื• ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ื” ื‘ื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืขื ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”, ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื”ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ื–ืชื ืขืœื•ื‘ืชื ื•ืชื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงื‘"ื” (=ื›ืš ื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœืขืœื•ื‘ื” ื–ื•, ื•ืชื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงื‘"ื”).

ื“ืจืฉื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื•ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ2:

ืžื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ 'ื•ืขืฉื• ืœื”ื ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช', ืืžืจ ืœื• ืงืจื— ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื” ืชื›ืœืช ืžื”ื• ืฉืชื”ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช, ืืžืจ ืœื• ืžืฉื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช. ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืงืจื— ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื” ืชื›ืœืช ืื™ื ื” ืคื•ื˜ืจืช ืขืฆืžื” ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื˜ืจื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื”. ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืœื ืกืคืจื™ื ืžื”ื• ืฉื™ื”ื ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจ ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืจืข"ื” ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืฉืชื™ ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืืžืจ ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืœื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื™ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืœื ืžืœื‘ืš ืืชื ื‘ื•ื“ืื.

ืงื•ืจื— ืฆื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ื”ื™ื”. ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžืฉื” ื‘ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืœื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืžืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืชืžื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืฉืžืžื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืจืฉืขื•ืชื• ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”.
ืืฃ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ืชืŸ ื•ืื‘ื™ืจื ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื“ืช ืงืจื—3:

ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืžืฉื” ืœืงืจื ืœื“ืชืŸ ื•ืœืื‘ื™ืจื ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื™ืื‘ ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืœื ื ืขืœื”. ื”ืžืขื˜ ื›ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ืชื ื• ืžืืจืฅ ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ ืœื”ืžื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ืชืฉืชืจืจ ืขืœื™ื ื• ื’ื ื”ืฉืชืจืจ. ืืฃ ืœื ืืœ ืืจืฅ ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ืืชื ื• ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื ื—ืœืช ืฉื“ื” ื•ื›ืจื ื”ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื”ื ืชื ืงืจ ืœื ื ืขืœื”.

ืžืฉื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื™ ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืจืฅ ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ. ื“ืชืŸ ื•ืื‘ื™ืจื, ืœื ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืขื ืžืฉื” ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ืืœื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื”ื ืžื›ื ื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื โ€“ "ืืจืฅ ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ", ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืžืฉื” โ€“ 'ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืชื™ืš, ื™ืฆืื ื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืžื ื”ื–ื” ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” โ€“ ื”ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืืจืฅ ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืœื ื•?!'. ื“ืชืŸ ื•ืื‘ื™ืจื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ืœืขื’ืช.
ืื›ืŸ, ืงื•ืจื— ื•ืขื“ืชื• ืฆื™ื ื™ืงื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•. ืžื”ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื ื›ื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช, ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชื”?
ืขืœ ืขืžืœืง ื ืืžืจ "ืืฉืจ ืงืจืš ื‘ื“ืจืš"4 ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ "ืงืจืš โ€“ ืฆื™ื ื ืš"5. ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืขืžืœืง ืฆื™ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช.
ื”ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืื•ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืœื›ืœ ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง. ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื” ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืขื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื•. ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช ื•ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ืช, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื™.
ืžืชื ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื”ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื ื” ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ืงื•ืจื— ื”ืฆื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ืžืฆื™ื™ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ "ื›ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืจืฉ" ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื™ืฆื™ื. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฆื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืœืœืขื’ ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ืขืจื›ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื.
ื›ืš ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื›ืื“ื ื‘ืขืœ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•ื ื•ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื—ืœืงืŸ. ื›ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื ื™ืช. ื ื•ืฃ ื ืคืœื ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื›ืžื” ืขืฆื™ื ื•ืื‘ื ื™ื, ื ืชื™ื ืช ืฆื“ืงื” ืื™ื ื” ืืœื ืกื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื’ืœ ืฉืื™ื–ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื–ืงืŸ ืฉืคืš ืขืœื™ื• ื“ื™ื•โ€ฆ
ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”, ื•ืฆืขื™ื“ื” ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื ื™ื. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœืฆืœื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉืžืžื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืื ื–ื• ืืจืฅ ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ ืœื” ืฆื™ืคื™ื ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”.
ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื“ืžื ืช ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœืžื—ื ื ื•. ื”ื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ืงืจื” ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื›"ืžื’ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ื— ื‘ืฉืžืŸ"6 ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื•.
ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ื ื‘ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื•ืฉื›ื ื•ืข. ื ืฆื—ื•ื ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืจืื™ื ืœืขื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืืžืช ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื•ืง.
ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืชืคืชื— ื”ืื“ืžื” ืืช ืคื™ื” ื•ืชื‘ืœืข ืืช ืงื•ืจื— ื•ื›ืœ ืขื“ืชื• ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื“ืจืš ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื ืœืžื—ื•ืชื ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”, ื”ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื.


1 ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืงื•ืจื— ืจืžื– ืชืฉ"ื .
2 ืฉื.
3 ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜"ื–, ื™"ื‘ โ€“ ื™"ื“.
4 ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื”, ื™"ื—
5 ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื.
6 ืžืกื™ืœืช ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืคืจืง ื”'.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *