ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืงื™ืŸ, ืงืจื— ื•ื”ืคื•ืกื˜-ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ื

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื™ืดื– ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื‘
 
27/06/2002

ืงื™ืŸ, ืงืจื— ื•ื”ืคื•ืกื˜-ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ื

ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ ื˜ืขื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืงืจื— ืขื•ืžื“ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื“ื” ื›ืœื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื”', ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืชืชื ืฉืื• ืขืœ ืงื”ืœ ื”'"1.
ื ื ืกื” ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง, ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื’ื ืœื—ื˜ืื• ืฉืœ ืงืจื—2:

ืžืชืืžืฆืช ื”ื™ื (ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช) ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื•ื”ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืกื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช, ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื’ืก, ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื• ื”ื—ืžืจื™ื™ื, ื•ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืžื• ืืœ ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื™ื“ ืžืชื—ืœืœ ื•ืžืกืชืื‘ ื‘ื ื’ื•ืข ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื“ ื”ืžืกื•ืื‘ื”. ืœื ืฉืขื” ื“' ืืœ ืงื™ืŸ ื•ืืœ ืžื ื—ืชื• ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืจืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื• ืื—ื•ื–ื”; ืื•ืชื• ื”ืจืฆื—, ืฉื™ืฆื ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืื—"ื›, ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื•ื– ื•ืกืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ื— ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืžืคืจื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”, ื•ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื–ื” ืชื•ืขื‘ื” ื”ื•ื, ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ื— ืจืข, ื•ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืคืชื— ื”ื•ื ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ ื•ืžืชืืžืฅ ืข"ื™ ืจื™ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื•ืœื˜ ืืœ ืงืจื‘ื• ื•ืžื”ืคื›ื• ืœืชื›ื•ื ืชื•.

ื—ื˜ืื• ืฉืœ ืงื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืื—"ื› ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื›ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืืœ ืงืจื‘ืช ื”', ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืขืžืœ ืœื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ื”ืื“ื ืžื’ืกื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื”. ื”ืื“ื ื ื›ื ืก, ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ื•ื”ืžืชื• ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืชื•, ื™ืฉืจ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ.
ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืงื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืงืจื‘ื” ืœื”'. ืงื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืคื” ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืคืขืœ ืืช ืคืขื•ืœืชื•, ืœืœื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฆื“ื•.
ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืื“ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื, ืœืœื ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืฉืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืœื’ืฉืช ืืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ.
ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืžืชื—ืœืœ, ื•ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืงื“ืฉ. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืืœ ืงืจื‘ืช ื”', ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”, ื‘ืขืžืœ ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื•ื”ื™ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช, ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืžืขืœืชื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”.
ืžื ื™ืŸ ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืชืคื™ืกื” ื›ื–ื•?

ื”ืžื˜ืจื” (ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช) ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื, ืœื ืœืงื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ืก ื•ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ืข"ื™ ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื›ืš ื‘ืขืฆืช ื“' ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื’ื•ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ืžื”ืกืชืขืคื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื ืง, ื›ืœ ืื•ืžื” ืœืคื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื”, ืœืคื™ ืžื•ืกืจื” ื•ื”ื›ื ืชื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ื”ื”ื™ืกืชื•ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ื’ื–ืขื™ืช, ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœืชื” ื•ืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืืคื™ ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื” ื”ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืœื–ื”, โ€“ ืœื ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืžื’ืžืชื”.
ื”ืงื™ื ื•ืช ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืื“ื ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืงืจื—ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืœ "ื›ืœ ื”ืขื“ื” ื›ื•ืœื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื“'" ื”ื™ืชื” ืงืจื™ืื” ืœื•ืขื’ืช ืœื›ืœ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ื”ืชื•ื›ื™ืช, ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ืœื”ืขืฉื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืžื›ืœ ืคื’ื ื•ืกืื•ื‘, ืฉืœื ื™ื”ืคืš ืœืจื•ืขืฅ ื•ืœืฆืจื” ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ืจื— ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืจื“ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื”, ืœื”ืื‘ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ืœ ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ืœืื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ ืžืจื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ื›ืงืจื— ื•ื›ืขื“ืชื•. ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื, ื”ืฉืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจืคืฉ ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ืจืฉืข ื•ื”ื‘ืขืจื•ืช, ื‘ืชื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืš ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืจื™ื“ื•ืช: "ื”ื ื›ื ื›ืœื›ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ื›ืœื›ื ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื“', ืื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื ืœืขื, ืื™ืŸ ืขื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ื”", โ€“ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืžืžื ื” ืกื•ื‘ืœ ื”ืื“ืโ€ฆ

ื˜ืขื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืงืจื— ืฉ"ื›ืœ ื”ืขื“ื” ื›ืœื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื" ืื•ืžืจืช ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืื“ื, ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืœื ืขืจื›ื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืขืจื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื• โ€“ ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืœืืŸ ืœืฉืื•ืฃ ื•ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื, ื‘ืœื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื, ื‘ืœื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื’ื•ื™, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื”ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ื”ื™ื ืœืขื’ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื›ื ื” ืจื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”. ื–ื”ื• ืขื•ืžืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืงืคืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืงื™ืŸ. ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืื“ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืื• ืขื ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ืชืคื™ืกื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืคื•ืกื˜-ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ื”ืœื•ืขื’ืช ืœื›ืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกื•ืœื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜, ื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืจืข, ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ื•ืœ, ื˜ืžื ื•ื˜ื”ื•ืจ. ื”ื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ื›ืœ ืฉื•ื•ื”, ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื•ื‘ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
ื›ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืื™ืจื•ื— ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืฆืœ"ืฉ ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืฅ ื ื•ืขื–ืช ืชื•ืš ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ, ื•ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจื™ื• ื–ืžืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืชืงืœื™ื˜ ื—ื“ืฉ. ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ืžืœื ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืžื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœืื•ืจื ืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ืคื—ื•ืชื” ืžื”ื. "ื›ื•ืœื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื" ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื.

ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืงืจื— ืฉื™ืจื“ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื” ื•ืื‘ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ืœ. ืชืคื™ืกื” ื›ื–ื• ืื™ื ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื. ื—ืกืจื•ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฉืขืŸ ืขืจื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื ืžืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืงืจื— ื•ืœืขื“ืชื•.


1 ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜"ื–, ื’'.
2 ืื•ืจื•ืช, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•, ื˜"ื• (ืขืž' ืœ"ื‘).

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *