ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

"ืžื“ืจืฉืข" โ€“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ืฉื ื‘ืœืขื ื”ืจืฉืข

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื™ืดื‘ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื’
 
12/07/2003

"ืžื“ืจืฉืข" โ€“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ืฉื ื‘ืœืขื ื”ืจืฉืข

ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•. ื•ืฉืœืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื ื”ืจืฉืข. ืขื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืจื•ื— ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ื•ื ืคืฉ ืฉืคืœื”, ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•. ืขื™ืŸ ืจืขื”, ื•ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื•ื ืคืฉ ืจื—ื‘ื”, ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื ื”ืจืฉืข. ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื ื”ืจืฉืข. ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ื ื•ื—ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื—'): 'ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืื”ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉ, ื•ืืฆืจืชื™ื”ื ืืžืœื'. ืื‘ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื ื”ืจืฉืข ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื”ื ื ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉื—ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื "ื”): 'ื•ืืชื” ืืœื”ื™ื ืชื•ืจื™ื“ื ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉื—ืช, ืื ืฉื™ ื“ืžื™ื ื•ืžืจืžื” ืœื ื™ื—ืฆื• ื™ืžื™ื”ื, ื•ืื ื™ ืื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ืš'1.

ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื”, ืฉื”ืžืฉื ื” ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืขื, ืืœื ื‘ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ื. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉ, ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช. ืžื” ืžืฉืš ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ืœืขื ื”ืจืฉืข?
ื”ื’ืž'2 ืื•ืžืจืช:

ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืžืจ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืœื‘ืจื™ื” ื‘ื›ื•ืœื”ื• ืœื ืชืคื™ืฉ ืœืžื“ืจืฉ ืœื‘ืจ ืžื‘ืœืขื ื”ืจืฉืข ื“ื›ืžื” ื“ืžืฉื›ื—ืช ื‘ื™ื” ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื”.

ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™:

ื‘ื›ืœื”ื• โ€“ ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืช.
ืœื ืชืคื™ืฉ ื•ืชื“ืจื•ืฉ โ€“ ืœื’ื ืื™.
ืœื‘ืจ ืžื‘ืœืขื โ€“ ื“ื›ืœ ืžื” ื“ืžืฉื›ื—ืช ืœื™ื” ืœื’ื ืื™ ื“ืจื•ืฉ.

ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื›ืœ ืคืกื•ืง ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืœืขื ืœื’ื ืื™?
ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ืœืขื ื”ื•ื ืฆื“ื™ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื“ืจืฉ, ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืจืฉืขื•ืชื•, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.
ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ืขื•ืœื” ื’ื ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ3:

ื–ื” ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื™"ื‘): 'ืจืฉืข ื™ืจืื” ื•ื›ืขืก ืฉื™ื ื™ื• ื™ื—ืจืง ื•ื ืžืก ืชืื•ืช ืจืฉืขื™ื ืชืื‘ื“'. ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ืคืชื— ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืื—ื“ ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื, ืืœื 'ืจืฉืข' ื–ื” ื‘ืœืง. 'ื™ืจืื” ื•ื›ืขืก', ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืื” ืฉื”ืจื’ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื’ ื ืชื™ืจื, ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ืขืก ื•ืฉืœื— ืืฆืœ ื‘ืœืขื ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื™ ื‘ืš ืฉืืชื” ื‘ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ืืœื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ื•ื ื•ืขืžื•ื“ ืœื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ืŸ. 'ืฉื ื™ื• ื™ื—ืจืง ื•ื ืžืก' ื–ื” ื‘ืœืขื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื™ืฆืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ืชื™ื ืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืขืœืช ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื•ืœื ื”ืฉื’ื™ื—ื• ื‘ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื ืกื™ืคื ื•ื”ื•, ืžื™ื“ ื ืชืงื ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื—ืจืง ืฉื ื™ื• ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื—ืžื“ ืœืงืœืœื, ืขื“ ืฉืฉืœื— ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืœืง ื•ื ืชื™ืขืฆื• ืฉื ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืื—ืช, ื•ืงืœืงืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื ื•ืœื ืขืœืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื, ืœื›ืš ืกื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื, 'ืชืื•ืช ืจืฉืขื™ื ืชืื‘ื“', ืืœื• ื•ื‘ืœืง ื•ื‘ืœืขื.

ื‘ืœืขื ืจืื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžืชืื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืจืื™ื” ื–ื•. ื”ื›ื™ืฆื“?

ื›ืฉื ืฉืœืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืคืฉื˜ ื•ื“ืจืฉ, ืืฃ ืœืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื›ืš.
ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
ื”ื“ืจืฉ, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช.
ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ, ื‘ืคืฉื˜ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ื‘ืœืขื ื›ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ื—ืกื™ื“, ื ื‘ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื”ื•. ืœื‘ืœืขื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืื“, "ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช" ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•.
ื”ื“ืจืฉ ืžืขืžื™ืง ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื ืคืฉื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื, ื•ืžื’ืœื” ืฉืžืชื—ืช ืœืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช, ื™ืฉ "ืขื™ืŸ ืจืขื”, ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ื ืคืฉ ืจื—ื‘ื”".
ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืคืขืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”"ืคืฉื˜" ื•ื”"ื“ืจืฉ" ื‘ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืขื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืœื‘ืœืขื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช, ื™ืฉื ื• ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืœื’ื ืื™. ืื—ืจืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื“ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืช, ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืœ, ื•ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื—ื•ื’ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื ื”ืจืฉืข.

ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื” ืžื•ืœ ื–ื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืืช ื‘ืœืขื. ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื ืžืฉื” ื›ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื‘ืœืขื?
ื“ื•ืงื ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืฉืœื ื ืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื•ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื‘ืœืขื.
ืžืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื ืœืžื“ื ื• ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœื ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ. ื’ื ื’ื•ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ื’ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื•ืขืฉื™ืช ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืžืฉืคื˜4 ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืื™ ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื ืจืง ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื, ืฉืจืง ืžื™ ืฉื ืžื ื” ืขืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื’ื ืชื•ืจื”. ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืžืชื•ืงื ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืช ื”ืฉืคืข ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื”. ื’ื ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืžื™ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš ืžื™ ืฉืžืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ืœืœื ืขืžืœ ืขืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช โ€“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื ื”ืจืฉืข.
ื‘ืœืขื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืชื•ืจื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืฉืœื ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื• โ€“ ื ืชืงื ื. ื‘ืœืขื ืจืฆื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืชื•ืคื™ืข ื“ืจื›ื•, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื ื–ื›ื” ืœื›ืš โ€“ ื”ืคืš ืืช ืขื•ืจื• ื•ืงื™ืœืœ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื ื”ื ืฉืžื ืขื• ืžืžื ื• ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื•, ืขืœ ืืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช โ€“ "ืืฉืจ ืžื—ื–ื” ืฉื“ื™ ื™ื—ื–ื”"5.

ื“ื•ืžื”, ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื ื”ืจืฉืข.
ื’ื™ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืกืคื™ืงื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ื•ืœืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืœื ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื•ืขืžืœ ืขืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื”, ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืคื ืžื” ื›ื™ ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื, ื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืžืฉื”.
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืžื•ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ืœืงืจื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ืคื•ื›ื”, ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื. ืจืง ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื”ื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืจืง ืื“ื ืฉืขืžืœ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืชืื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื–ืง ืจื‘, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”.
ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื ื”ืจืฉืข, ืกื•ืคื ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื ื”โ€ฆ


1 ืื‘ื•ืช ืค"ื”, ืžื™"ื˜.
2 ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืง"ื• ืข"ื‘.
3 ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›"ื‘, ื‘' (ืขืž' ืฉืฆ"ื–).
4 ืขื™' ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™"ื—, ื™"ื˜.
5 ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›"ื“, ื“'.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *