ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ืชื•ื“ื”

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื–ืณ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื“
 
24/08/2004

ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ืชื•ื“ื”

ืคืจืฉืช ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื•ื ืคื•ืชื—ืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžื™ืจื”: "ืžืงืจื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื", ื”ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื, ื•"ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืžืขืฉืจ", ื”ื ืืžืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืฉืžื™ื˜ื”1.
ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื”, ืžืชืืจ ืืช ืืžื™ืจืช "ืžืงืจื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื" ื›ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™2:

ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœื”ืชื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื, ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื•ืงื•ืจื 'ื”ื’ื“ืชื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ื›ื™ ื‘ืืชื™ ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื’ื•' ืืจืžื™ ืื•ื‘ื“ ืื‘ื™', ืขื“ ืฉื™ื’ืžื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืขื“ 'ืืฉืจ ื ืชืช ืœื™ ื”"โ€ฆ

ืžื”ื• ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื–ื”? ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืืช ื”ื™ืจื™ืขื”3:

ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืงืœ"ื‘ ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื ื• ืœืกืคืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืืฉืจ ื”ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื ื• ื•ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื•, ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืžืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืขื ื•ืชื ืื•ืชื ื•, ื•ืœืฉื‘ื—ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืœื”ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื›ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื• ื™ืชืขืœื” 'ื•ืขื ื™ืช ื•ืืžืจืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืืœืงื™ืš ืืจืžื™ ืื•ื‘ื“ ืื‘ื™', ื•ืžื” ืฉื‘ื ืื—ืจ ื–ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื›ื•ืœื”. ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื ืงืจืืช 'ืžืงืจื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื'.

ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืœื”' ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื’ืžืœ ืขึดื ืขึทื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•.
ืืช ืžืฆื•ืช "ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืžืขืฉืจ" ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ืš4:

ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืงืœ"ื ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชื ืงื•ืช ืžื”ื ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื’ื ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืงื™ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื ืงืจื 'ื•ื“ื•ื™ ืžืขืฉืจ'โ€ฆ

ืืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืขืฉืจ, ื•ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื” ืฉืจืง ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ื›ืœืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื•ืืžืจ: "ืœื ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืœื ืฉื›ื—ืชื™"5:

ืื™ืช ืชื ื™ื™ ืชื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืžืขื›ื‘ื•ืช. ื•ืื™ืช ืชื ื™ื™ ืชื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืžืขื›ื‘ื•ืช. ืจื‘ื™ ืื—ื ื‘ืจ ืคืคื ื‘ืขื™ ืงื•ืžื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื–ืขื™ืจื ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืงื“ื™ื ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ื“. ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืื•ืฃ ืื ื ืกื‘ืจ ื›ืŸ.

ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืžืขื›ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™, ืื ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืื•ืชื, ื•ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื” ืฉืืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืžืขื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื”ืงื“ื™ื ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ื“.
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื6:

ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืข"ื’ ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื—ื˜ืื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืืœ ื™ืชืขืœื”, ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืื•ืชื ืขื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื“ื•ื™. ื•ื›ื•ื ืชื• ืฉื™ืืžืจ 'ืื ื ื”ืฉื ื—ื˜ืืชื™ ืขื•ื™ืชื™ ืคืฉืขืชื™ ื•ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš'. ื•ื™ืืจื™ืš ื”ืžืืžืจ ื•ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืžื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืฆื—ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื ื•โ€ฆ

ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืžืขืฉืจ ื ืืžืจ ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื—ื˜ื, ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ืืžืจ ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ ืฉื—ื˜ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ ืžื—ื˜ืื•.
ื ืžืฆื, ืื ื›ืŸ, ืฉืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”:
ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื (ืœืžื™ ืฉื—ื˜ื),
ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืืžืช (ืœืžื™ ืฉืœื ื—ื˜ื),
ื•ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ (ืœืžื™ ืฉื–ื›ื” ื‘ื•).
ื‘ืขืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืชื•ื“ื” ื”ืื“ื ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื•. ื‘ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืžืขืฉืจ ืžื•ื“ื” ื”ืื“ื ืขืœ ื”ืืžืช, ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืฉืžืจ ืืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืชื™ืงื•ื ื. ื‘ืžืงืจื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื“ื” ื”ืื“ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื’ืžืœ ืื™ืชื• ื”'.

ื™ืฉ, ื•ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื‘ืื” ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื”, ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื“ื. ืžื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ื•ืžืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ืฉื—ื˜ื ืื• ืขืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉืชื™ืงืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืฆื•ืช ื”'. ื•ื™ืฉ, ืฉื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื‘ืื” ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื”. ืžื•ื“ื” ื”ืื“ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื• ืžื”' ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”.
ื”ืื“ื ืžืชืงืŸ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื•, ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืžื—ื˜ืื™ื• ื•ืืžื™ืจืชื•: "ื—ื˜ืืชื™ ืขื•ื™ืชื™ ืคืฉืขืชื™", ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ืกื•ืจ ืžืจืข", ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื ื• ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”', ื•ืืžื™ืจืชื•: "ืœื ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืœื ืฉื›ื—ืชื™", ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื•ืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘". ืฉื ื™ ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืืœื”, ื”ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™, ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ืขืชื• ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื™ื” ื•ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืื•ืชื”, ื•ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืื“ื ื›ื— ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœืชืงื ื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืœ ืชื›ืœื™ืชื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
"ื•ืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืฉืจ ื ืชืŸ ืœืš ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ืš", ื”ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ื›ื— ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื โ€“ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืืžืช โ€“ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฉืจ.

ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื’ืœื•ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืื•ืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื โ€“ "ืžื•ื“ื”"7:

โ€ฆื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื•ื“ืื”, ื‘ื‘ื˜ื•ื™ "ืžื•ื“ื”" ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“, ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ืื” ืžื’ื–ืจืช ืชื•ื“ื”, ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘, ื•ืžื’ื–ืจืช ื”ืชื•ึทื“ื•ึผืช ื•ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืืžืช. ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”. ืฆื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื”ืคื•ื’ืฉืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฆื• ืžืฉื ืชื• ื•ืžื•ืฆื ื”ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ื• ืขื•ืœื ืžืœื ื•ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืœื•ืื• ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•, ื”ื™ื ืžืจื™ืžื” ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื–ื™ื•ื• ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื•, ื•ืชื—ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื” ื”ืขื›ื•ืจื” ื”ื—ืžืจื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ืžืชืขืœื” ื”ืจื•ื— ืœื”ืฉืงืคื” ืืœื”ื™ืช ืฆื—ื”, ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื ืฉืžืช ืื•ืจ ื—ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืคืขืช ืžืคืขืœื”. ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืจื’ืฉ ืชื•ื“ืชื• ืžื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืืžืช, ื•ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืขื•ืžืง ืืžืชืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื•ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืฉ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ื‘ืข ื›ื•ืœื• ืžืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžืงื•ืจื•, ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื—ืกื“ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœืžื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื”ื.

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื”ื•ื“ืื”" ื›ื•ืœืœืช: ื. "ืชื•ื“ื”, ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘". ื‘. "ื”ืชื•ึทื“ื•ึผืช" โ€“ ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื. ื’. "ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืืžืช".
ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื—ืฉ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฆื• ืžืฉื ืชื• ืืœ ื™ื•ื ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคืชื—, ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืžืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื” ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื—ื˜ืื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื• ื•ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืืžืช โ€“ ื”ืŸ ื”ืืžืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.


1 ืขื™' ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื•ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ืคื™"ื.
2 ื”ืœ' ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืค"ื’ ื”"ื™.
3 ืขืฉื” ืงืœ"ื‘.
4 ืขืฉื” ืงืœ"ื.
5 ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืค"ื” ื”"ื”.
6 ืขืฉื” ืข"ื’.
7 ืขื•ืœื” ืจืื™"ื” ื', ืขืž' ื'.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *