ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื”ืฆื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ืจื™ื

ืขืจืš: ื™ืขืงื‘ ืงื•ืคืœ.
ื”ืจื‘ ืžื ืฉื” ื•ื™ื ืจ
ื›ืดื˜ ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื”
 
14/10/2004

ื”ืฆื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ืจื™ื

ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืฆื—ืงื” ืฉืจื”

ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืคื•ืชื—ืช ื‘ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง, ืžืื•ืจืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื”. ืื•ืœื, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืžื‘ืฉืจื™ื ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืขืœ ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื”, ืฉืจื” ืฆื•ื—ืงืช. ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืื” ืžื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ื”ืคืชืขื” ืฉืจื” ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื›ืœ (ื™"ื—, ื™"ื‘ โ€“ ื˜"ื•):

ื•ืชืฆื—ืง ืฉืจื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืืžืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืขื“ื ื” ื•ืื“ื ื™ ื–ืงืŸ.
ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”' ืืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืฆื—ืงื” ืฉืจื” ืœืืžืจ ื”ืืฃ ืืžื ื ืืœื“ ื•ืื ื™ ื–ืงื ืชื™.
ื”ื™ืคืœื ืžื”' ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืืฉื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš ื›ืขืช ื—ื™ื” ื•ืœืฉืจื” ื‘ืŸ.
ื•ืชื›ื—ืฉ ืฉืจื” ืœืืžืจ ืœื ืฆื—ืงืชื™ ื›ื™ ื™ืจืื” ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื ื›ื™ ืฆื—ืงืช.

ื”ืื ืฉืจื” ืžืฉืงืจืช?
ืžื” ืขืกืง ื‘ื™ืฉ ื–ื” ื‘ื ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช?
ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื™"ื’ ื”' ืžืกืคืจ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืฉืจื” ืฆื—ืงื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืœื“ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื–ืงื ื”, ืื•ืœื ืคืกื•ืง ืงื•ื“ื ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ื˜ืขื ื” ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ืงืŸ. ืžื“ื•ืข ื”' ืžืฉื ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”?
ืจืฉ"ื™:

ืขื“ื ื” โ€“ ืฆื—ืฆื•ื— ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืฉื ื” ืžืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืขืจ ื•ืžืขื“ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ. ื“"ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืกืช ื ื“ื•ืช.

ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉืฉืจื” ืœื ืืžืจื” "ื•ืื ื™ ื–ืงื ืชื™" ืืœื ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื–ืจื• ืืœื™ื” ื ืขื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืžืฆื™ื“ื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื ื™ืขื” ืœืœื“ืช. ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืง ืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ื, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜?

ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื”ืงื‘ืœื” (ื™"ื—, ื™"ื’):

ื•ืื ื™ ื–ืงื ืชื™ โ€“ โ€ฆื•ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืคื ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ ืฉืœื•ืโ€ฆ ื"ื› ื›ืฉืืžืจื” ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ ืœื ืฆื—ืงืชื™, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื›ื—ืฉื” ื›ืœืœโ€ฆ ื›ื›ื” ื›ืฉืฉืžืขื” ืฉืจื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืœืืš ืฉืชื•ืœื” ื”ืฆื—ื•ืง ืขืœ ื”ืžื ื™ืขื” ืžืฆื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœื™ื• ืœื ืฆื—ืงืชื™, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืงืจ. ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื“ืืžืจ ืงืจื ื•ืชื›ื—ืฉ ืฉืจื”? ื“ืž"ืž ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื” ื”ื›ื—ืฉื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืž"ืž ืื™ื ื• ืืžืช ื’ืžื•ืจ. ื“ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืกืชืžื™ืช ืœื ืฆื—ืงืชื™. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉืœื ืฆื—ืงื” ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžืขืœื” ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ืžืœื”ืœื›ื“ ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ืฉืงืจ, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ืื™ื ื• ืฉืงืจ, ืž"ืž ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืžืช ื’ืžื•ืจ, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžืžื ื•, ื•ืœืžืคืจืฉื™ ืคืฉื˜ ืฉื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ื—ืฉื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ืฆื“ืงืช. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ืจืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžื’ื ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ ืžืขืœื” ืœืœื ืชื•ืขืœืช.

ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื”ืงื‘ืœื”, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื™ื ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื” ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืžืฉื ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืœื•ื. ืื•ืœื, ืฉืจื” ืžืฆื™ื“ื” ืฉืžืขื” ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืฆื—ืงื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” "ื•ืื ื™ ื–ืงื ืชื™". ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื”' ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืื•ืชื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืืžืช ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืžืช ื’ืžื•ืจ.
ืžืคืกื•ืง ื˜"ื• ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืฉืจื” ื›ื™ื—ืฉื” "ื›ื™ ื™ืจืื”"1, ืืš ืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืžื™ ื”ื™ื ืคื—ื“ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš.
ืจืžื‘"ืŸ (ื™"ื—, ื˜"ื•):

ื•ืชื›ื—ืฉ ืฉืจื” ืœืืžืจ โ€“ ืื ื™ ืชืžื” ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื” ื”ืฆื“ืงืช ืื™ืš ืชื›ื—ืฉ ื‘ืืฉืจ ืืžืจ ื”ืฉื ืœื ื‘ื™ืโ€ฆ ื•ื”ื ื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื” ืœืžื” ืฆื—ืงืช ื”ื™ืคืœื ืžื”' ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืœื ืคื™ืจืฉ ืืœื™ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื ื’ื™ืœื” ืืœื™ื• ืกื•ื“ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื™ืจืืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืชื›ื—ืฉโ€ฆ

ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื”ืคื—ื“ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืื‘ืจื”ื, ื™ืฉื ื• ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”' ืฉืืœ ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื "ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืฆื—ืงื” ืฉืจื”" ื”ื•ื ื”ืœืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืืฉืชื•, ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ื›ื—ืฉื”. ืื•ืœื, ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืคื ื” ืœืฉืจื” ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ื—ืฉื”, ืืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืคื ื” ืืœื™ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืœืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื–ื” ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืฉืคื ื” ืœืฉืจื”?

ืœืžืคืจืฉื™ ื”ืคืฉื˜, ืงืฉื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืฉื ืžื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื• ืฉื™ื— ื”ื–ื”. ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืฉื ืจืื” ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืฉื•ืœื™ โ€“ ื”ืื ื›ืŸ ืฆื—ืงื” ืื• ืœื ืฆื—ืงื” ืฉืจื”.

ืคืจืฉื” ืงื•ื“ืžืช (ื™"ื–, ื™"ื– โ€“ ื™"ื˜):

ื•ื™ืคืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื• ื•ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื• ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืžืื” ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืœื“ ื•ืื ืฉืจื” ื”ื‘ืช ืชืฉืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืชืœื“.
ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืœ ื”ืืœืงื™ื ืœื• ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื™ื—ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ืš.
ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœืงื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืฉืจื” ืืฉืชืš ื™ืœื“ืช ืœืš ื‘ืŸ ื•ืงืจืืช ืืช ืฉืžื• ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื”ืงืžืชื™ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืชื™ ืืชื• ืœื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื•ืœื ืœื–ืจืขื• ืื—ืจื™ื•.

ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฆื•ื—ืง ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืจื”, ืืš ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื™ื•. ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืฉืžื• "ื™ืฆื—ืง", ื•ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื ืงื‘ืข ืขืœ ืฉื ืชืงืœื” ืฉืืจืขื” ืœืื‘ืจื”ื. ืื ื›ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืชืจืขื ืขืœ ืฉืจื” ื•ืื™ืœื• ืืช ืฆื—ื•ืงื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ?
ืจืฉ"ื™ (ื™"ื–, ื™"ื–):

ื•ื™ืคืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื• ื•ื™ืฆื—ืง โ€“ ื–ื” ืชืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื—ื“ื™ ื•ืฉืœ ืฉืจื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื—ื•ืš ืœืžื“ืช ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืžื— ื•ืฉืจื” ืœื ื”ืืžื™ื ื” ื•ืœื’ืœื’ื” ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขืœ ืฉืจื” ื•ืœื ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื.

ืจื‘ ื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืจืฉ"ื™, ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืžื— ื•ืฉืจื” ืœื’ืœื’ื”. ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื? ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื "ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืžืื” ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืœื“ ื•ืื ืฉืจื” ื”ื‘ืช ืชืฉืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืชืœื“" ืœื ื ืจืื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื”. ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ:

ื”ืœื‘ืŸ โ€“ ื™ืฉ ืชืžื™ื”ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื' ื‘', ื›"ื–) "ื”ื ื’ืœื” ื ื’ืœื™ืชื™"2 (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘' ื˜"ื•, ื›"ื–) "ื”ืจื•ืื” ืืชื”" ืืฃ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื•ื›ืš ืืžืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื• โ€“ ื”ื ืขืฉื” ื—ืกื“ ื–ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื” ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืœื™?

ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืžื™ื”ื” ืฉื ื‘ืขื” ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžื—ื”. ืื ื›ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืฉืืฆืœ ืฉืจื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื”?
ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ืžืงืจื ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื” ืžืกื•ื™ื ืื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื›ืฉื’ื•ื™ ื•ืื ืื—ืจืช ืื– ื–ื”ื• ืžืขืฉื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ. ืื•ืœื, ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžืคืจืฉ ืื—ืจืช.
ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ื ื™ (ื™"ื—, ื™"ื’):

ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืฆื—ืงื” โ€“ โ€ฆืืœื ืžืฉืœ ืœืืฉื” ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ืื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ืœืชื” ื•ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืืช ื‘ืชื” ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ืœืชื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื”, ื›ืš ืื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืœื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“.

ื”ืืžืช, ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืงื™ืคื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื ืœื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•.
ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืืœื™ื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉ ื›ืžื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ืœืš ื•ืฉืืœ ืืช ืฉืจื” ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื ืฆื—ืงื”.
ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื, ืื ื• ืœื ื ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืืœื ื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืื›ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉืจื”.

ืžืคืขืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื”

ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืฉืจื” ืžืชื ื”ื’ืช ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื›ืฉื•ืจื”.
ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืืช ื”ื’ืจ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจ (ื˜"ื–, ื•') "ื•ืชืขื ื” ืฉืจื™ ื•ืชื‘ืจื— ืžืคื ื™ื”". ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื (ื˜"ื–, ื”') "ื™ืฉืคื˜ ื”' ื‘ื™ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ืš". ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืืฉื? ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ื’ืจ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื”.
ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื’ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ. ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื‘ื•ืฆืข ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื” (ื›"ื, ื™') "ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื™ืจืฉ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืขื ื™ืฆื—ืง". ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื’ืจืฉ ืืช ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ?

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืกืคืง ืฉื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื• ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืฆื“ืงื™ื. ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉ"ื•ืชืขื ื” ืฉืจื”" ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœื™ืœื™, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืœืืš ืœื”ื’ืจ (ื˜"ื–, ื˜') "ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื” ืžืœืืš ื”' ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืืœ ื’ื‘ืจืชืš ื•ื”ืชืขื ื™ ืชื—ืช ื™ื“ื™ื”". ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื "ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืชืืžืจ ืืœื™ืš ืฉืจื” ืฉืžืข ื‘ืงึนืœื”".
ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื ื• ืฉืฉืจื” ืคืขืœื” ืฉืœื ื›ืฉื•ืจื” ื•ืœืขื•ืžืชื ื”ื’ืจ ื•ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื”ื ื”ืžืกื›ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื“ืง ืื™ืชื. ืื•ืœื, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืœืืš, ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืฉื”ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืฆืœื ื• ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื” ืืœื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช.
ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื‘ืคืจืง ื›"ื ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉืฉืจื” ืงื•ืจืืช ืœื‘ื ื” ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžืคื ื™ ืฉ-(ื•') "ืฆื—ื•ืง ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืืœืงื™ื". ืื ืฉืจื” ืื›ืŸ ื—ื˜ืื”, ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื ืžื ืฆื™ื—ื” ื–ืืช ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื”?3

ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื”

ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืื•ื”ืœื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืœืžื™ืงื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื (ื™"ื—, ื˜') "ื”ื ื” ื‘ืื”ืœ", ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื•. ืื ื›ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉืืœื• ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืจื”?
ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื, ืฉืจื” ืฉืžืขื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื™', "ื•ืฉืจื” ืฉืžืขืช ืคืชื— ื”ืื”ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื•".
ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืคืจืฉ "ื”ืคืชื— ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืœืืš". ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš "โ€ฆืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฉืžืขื” ืฉืจื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื". ื”ืื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืžืขื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืืœื• ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืงื™ืœื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืฆื—ืงื”? ื”ืื ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื˜ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืืš ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉืฉืจื” ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืขืช ื•ื›ืš ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืœ ืื•ืชื”?
ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ, ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ื“ืข ืฉืฉืจื” ื ืžืฆืืช ืฉื ื•ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืจื™ ื•ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœื• ืœืฉืจื”. ืื ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ืžืœืืš ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื›ื–ื•? ืื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืืžืจื• ื’ื ืœืฉืจื” ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืœื ืคื ื” ื’ื ืืœื™ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืขืงื™ืคื” ืฉื›ื–ื•?

ืœืฉื ืžื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืœื“ ืœื• ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื• ื–ืืช (ื™"ื–, ื™"ื˜):

ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœืงื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืฉืจื” ืืฉืชืš ื™ืœื“ืช ืœืš ื‘ืŸ ื•ืงืจืืช ืืช ืฉืžื• ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื”ืงืžืชื™ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืชื™ ืืชื• ืœื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื•ืœื ืœื–ืจืขื• ืื—ืจื™ื•.

ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ

ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื (ืคื–.) ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื:

ืชื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ืœืžื” ื ืงื•ื“ ืขืœ "ืื™ื•" ืฉื‘"ืืœื™ื•", ืœื™ืžื“ื” ืชื•ืจื” ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ืฉื™ืฉืืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืื›ืกื ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ืืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืืฉื” ื›ืœืœ? โ€“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœื” ืฉืื ื™.

ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ:

ื‘ืื›ืกื ื™ื โ€“ ืืฉืช ืื•ืฉืคื™ื–ื.
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœื” โ€“ ืœื ืฉื™ืฉืืœ ืœื” ืœืฉืœื•ื, ืืœื ืœื‘ืขืœื” ื™ืฉืืœ ืžื” ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ืงืžื˜ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ืฆื "ืฉ.

ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื™ื“ืขื• ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืจื”, ืืœื ืจืฆืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื ื”ืืฉื” ืืœื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืขืงื™ืคื” ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื“ืจืฉื• ื‘ืฉืœื•ืžื”.
ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื’ืžืจื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืื—ืช ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื "ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื ืืžืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื’ืจ ืœื” ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื”". ื“ืจืš ื“ืจืฉื” ื–ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืคืฉื˜ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื.
ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืื›ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื’ืœื” ืืœื™ื•. ืืš ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื‘ืŸ ืœืฉืจื”, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื•, ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฉืจ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฉืจ ืœืฉืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื”.
ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ืœืฉืจื” ืžืชื‘ืจืจืช ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ืขืฉื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื‘ืงื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ืฉื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”' ืืžืจ ืœื”. ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื ืœื ืื•ืžืจืช ื–ืืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื—ืง? ืžื“ื•ืข ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืขืงื™ืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืชื—ืคืฉ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš?
ืจื‘ืงื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืคื ื” ื“ื•ืงื ืืœื™ื” ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉื“ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื ื–ืืช ืฉืชื“ืข ืžื›ืš, ื•ืื ืื›ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžื›ืš ืื– ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคื•ื ื” ืืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง. ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืชืคืขืœ ืœืžืœื ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”', ืฉื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ื‘ื“ืจืš ืขืงื™ืคื” ื‘ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื” ืืœื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™.
ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืžื“ื•ืข ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืชื ื”ืœื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื›ื–ื•, ืืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”' ืคื ื” ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืจ ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื‘ื ื•, ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื–ื• ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืืžืจ ืœืฉืจื”. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื”' ืฉืœื— ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื’ื ืœืฉืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.

ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื

ื›ืขืช ื ื ืกื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืฉืจื” ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื™ืฃ. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืื›ืกื ื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœื”, ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœืืžื”ื•ืช.
ืื™ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช, ืจืง ืขื ื”ืื‘ื•ืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื›"ื”, ื›"ื’) "ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”' ืœื”", ืืฆืœ ืจื‘ืงื”, ืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื—. ื ืจืื” ืฉืจืฉ"ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืื™ื ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืฉื•ื—ื“ืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ืฆื—ืงื” ืฉืจื”. ืืžื ื ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืžืœืื›ื™ื, ืืš ืฉืจื” ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœื• ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชื—ื•ื™ื ืœืขืคืจ ืฉื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื (ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืคื•:). ืื•ืชื ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื ื•ืžืกืช "ืื™ืคื” ืฉืจื”?" ื•ืžื ื‘ืื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืœื“ ืœื” ื‘ืŸ. ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืฉืจื” ืœื ื”ืจืืชื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืœืื•ืชื ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ื”ื ืœื ืจืื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื–ืงื ื”. ื ืจืื” ืฉืฉืจื” ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ืฉืื•ืชื ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืืช ื’ื™ืœื”, ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžืคื˜ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื™ื”ื ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืงืฉืจ ืœืžื‘ื•ืจืš, ื–ื”ื• ืžืื•ืจืข ืžืฆื—ื™ืง ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉืœื ืชืฆื—ืง?
ืืžื ื, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืงืจืื• ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ืฆืื” ืืœื™ื”ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืฆื ื•ืขื” ื”ื™ืชื” (ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืคื–.). ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ืฆื—ืงื” ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” "ื‘ืงืจื‘ื”". ืื•ืœื, ื›ืฉื”' ื”ืชื’ืœื” ื•ืฉืืœ "ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืฆื—ืงื” ืฉืจื”?", ื–ื” ื”ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœื”ืœื, ืื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื "ื›ื™ ื™ืจืื”". ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉื” "ืœื ืฆื—ืงืชื™", ืœื ืฆื—ืงืชื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืœื’ืœื’ืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ืืœื ืฆื—ื•ืง ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ื‘ืจื™ื.
ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืคืจืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืžืขื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ืœืื‘ืจื”ื, ืืš ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืฉืžื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื ื•ืžืจื’ื™ืข ืื•ืชื” ืฉื”ืฆื—ื•ืง ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘, ืฆื—ื•ืง ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื—ื•ืง ืฉืืžื•ืจ ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
ืื ื›ืŸ, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฉืจื” ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉื” ืืช ืขืฆื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืฆื—ืงื” ื‘ืœื’ืœื•ื’, ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”' "ืœื, ื›ื™ ืฆื—ืงืช". ืื™ืŸ ืœืš, ืฉืจื”, ืžืžื” ืœืคื—ื“, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืฆื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ื˜ื•ื‘. ื”ืฆื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ื‘ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”, "ืื– ื™ืžืœื ืฉื—ื•ืง ืคื™ื ื•", ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื—ืœื•ืžื™ืช, "ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื—ื•ืœืžื™ื". ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื‘ืฉืจ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื™ื•ืœื“ ืœื• ื‘ืŸ ื•ืฉืžื• ื™ืฆื—ืง (ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื–ื”) ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืฆื—ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™, ื•ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ื’ื ื–ืจืขื• ื™ืฆื—ืง.
ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉืงื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ืŸ (ืœื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืจื™ื’), ืืš ืืฆืœ ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื›"ื, ื’'):

ื•ื™ืงืจื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืช ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ื”ื ื•ืœื“ ืœื• ืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื” ืœื• ืฉืจื” ื™ืฆื—ืง.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืจืฅ ื–ืืช ื‘ืงืœื•ืช, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื‘ ืงื•ืจื ืืช ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื•ืจื ื‘ืฉื, ืืš ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืฉื ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืจื” (ื›"ื, ื•'):

ื•ืชืืžืจ ืฉืจื” ืฆื—ืง ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืืœืงื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืžืข ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœื™.

ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื—ื•ืง ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืœืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืœื™ื“ื”, ื ืงื‘ืข ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื ื• ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืฉื ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื”, ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืœื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืจื”.

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืฉืชื™ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง, ืื—ืช ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืื—ืช ืœืฉืจื”, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœืฉืจื”, ื•ืœื ื ืืžืจื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื.
ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืจืฆื” ืœื™ื™ืขื“ ืœืฉืจื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง. ื”ื™ืชื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืจืง ื›ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœืื‘ืจื”ื, ืืš ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืจืฆื” ืฉื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืฉืœ ืฉืจื”, ื•ืื›ืŸ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื”. ืžื” ืฉืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉื ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื. ืœืขื•ืžืชื” ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ื”ื’ืจ ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื” ื‘ืืžืช ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ. ื ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืœืืš ืฉืžื•ืคื ื” ืœื”ื’ืจ (ื˜"ื–, ื™"ื) "ื•ืงืจืืช ืฉืžื• ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ" ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื (ื˜"ื–, ื˜"ื•) "ื•ื™ืงืจื ืื‘ืจื ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ื’ืจ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ"4.

ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืขืงื™ื“ื”. (ื›"ื‘, ื') "ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืื—ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”โ€ฆ" โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืคืฉื˜ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืคืจืฉ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื:

ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ "ืื—ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”" ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืฉืœืžืขืœื”โ€ฆ ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ืื—ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืจืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ืœื• ื•ืœื ื™ื ื• ื•ืœื ื›ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ืฉื‘ืข ื›ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื”ืฆืืŸ ื•ื—ืจื” ืืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขืœ ื–ืืช ืฉื”ืจื™ ืืจืฅ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืขืจื™ ื—ืžืฉืช ืกืจื ื™ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื’ื•ืจืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฆื•ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื ืชื—ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื ืฉืžื” ืœื›ืŸ "ื•ื”ืืœืงื™ื ื ืกื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื".

ื™ืฉื ื• ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกืชื“ืจ ืขื ืคืฉื˜ ื”ืžืงืจืื•ืช. ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืš ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืคืจืง ืœ"ื– ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉื›ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืคืจืง ืœ"ื˜, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื™ืฉ "ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื" ืฉื ืคืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื (ืœ"ื—, ื') "ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื•ืโ€ฆ". ื›ืš ืืฆืœื ื•, ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” (ื›"ื, ื›"ื‘) "ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื•ืโ€ฆ" ืžื” ืฉืžืกืžืœ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• (ื›"ื‘, ื') "ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืื—ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”", ืฉืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ.
ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืื‘ืจื”ื, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“. ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 86 ื•ืžืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ืชื•. ื”ื•ื ืชืœื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง (ื™"ื–, ื™"ื—) "ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืœ ื”ืืœืงื™ื ืœื• ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื™ื—ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ืš", ืืš ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื™ื“ ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืœื• (ื™"ื˜) "ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœืงื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืฉืจื” ืืฉืชืš ื™ืœื“ืช ืœืš ื‘ืŸ ื•ืงืจืืช ืืช ืฉืžื• ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื”ืงืžืชื™ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืชื™ ืืชื• ืœื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื•ืœื ืœื–ืจืขื• ืื—ืจื™ื•". ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื—ื–ืง ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืœื ื ื™ืชืง. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื•ืœื— ืืช ื ืขืจื• ืืœ ื”ื‘ืงืจ ืœืชืช ืœืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืคืจืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื—ื ื›ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื• ืœื’ืจืฉ ืืช ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื ื›ืชื‘ (ื›"ื, ื™"ื) "ื•ื™ืจืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืื“ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืขืœ ืื•ื“ึนืช ื‘ื ื•".
ืžื›ืืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืงื“ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืืช ื‘ื ืš ืืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ืš ืืฉืจ ืื”ื‘ืช" ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ, ืืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจืฉ "ืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง".
ืœืื—ืจ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ, ื”' ื ื’ืœื” ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• "ืงื— ื ื ืืช ื‘ื ืš ืืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ืš ืืฉืจ ืื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง". ื’ื ืฉื ื—ื–"ืœ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ืจื‘ื” ื›"ื•, ื–') ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœืงื— ืขืžื• ื”ื™ื• ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื•ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ, ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื’ื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ืงื•ื“ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืจืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื (ื›"ื”, ื–') "ื•ื™ืงื‘ืจื• ืืชื• ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื‘ื ื™ื•โ€ฆ". ืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ:

ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ โ€“ ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืขืฉื” ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ืš ืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœืคื ื™ื• ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืื‘ืจื”ื.

ื ืจืื” ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืงืฉืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ. ืืš ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืื•ื“ ืื”ื‘ ืืช ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ, ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื. ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื”, ืื‘ืจื”ื ื ืคืจื“ ืžืœื•ื˜. ืืฆืœ ืœื•ื˜, ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฆืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืคืจื“ื”, ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื’ื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ืืฆืœื ื•.
ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื—ื•ืง. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืœื•ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžื•ืกืจ ืืช ื ืคืฉื• ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืงื™ื“ื”. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ืจืŸ ืื‘ื™ ืœื•ื˜ ืฉื”ืชืœื‘ื˜ ื”ืื ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืœื›ื‘ืฉืŸ ื”ืืฉ ืื• ืœื, ืœื™ืฆื—ืง ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืืœื•ืช. ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืœื•ื˜ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• (ื™"ื˜, ื™"ื“) "ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื›ืžืฆื—ืง ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื—ืชื ื™ื•", ืขื•ืžื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืขื ื”ืฆื—ื•ืง ื”ืžืชื•ืงืŸ.

ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœื™ืฉืžืขืืœ, ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืœืื‘ืจื”ื. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื” ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ื–ื•. ื”ื™ื ื–ืืช ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฆื—ืง ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื ืจืง ืžื•ืœ ืœื•ื˜ ืืœื ื’ื ืžื•ืœ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืฉืžืฆื—ืง ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžืงื•ืœืงืœืช. ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืฉืจื” ืื›ืŸ ืชื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื—ื•ืง ืœืฆื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืฆื—ืงื” ื‘ืžืชืŸ ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื. ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ืฆื—ืงื” ืขืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฆื—ื•ืง ืฉืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืจืืชื” ืืฆืœ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื‘ืื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื” ืฉืชื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื—ื•ืง ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืฉืจ ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื” ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื—ื•ืง ื”ืงืœื•ืงืœ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฆื—ื•ืงื• ื”ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ื›ื•ืื‘ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืฆืจืš.
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืœื ื—ื˜ืื” ืฉืจื” ื•ืžืชื‘ื”ืจ ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื•ืคืจื—.


1 ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ื ื™ ืขืœ ืคืกื•ืง ื˜"ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ โ€“ ื•ืชื›ื—ืฉ ืฉืจื” ืœืืžืจ โ€“ ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื“ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืฉืžื›ื—ืฉื•ืช ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื™ืจืื”.
2 "ื•ื™ื‘ื ืื™ืฉ ืืœืงื™ื ืืœ ืขืœื™ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื• ื›ื” ืืžืจ ื”' ื”ื ื’ืœื” ื ื’ืœื™ืชื™ ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ืš ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ืคืจืขื”", ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”' ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื ื’ืœื”.
3 ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืฉืจื” ื™ื›ืœื” ืœืชืœื•ืช ืืช ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืฆื™ื•ื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื• ื‘ืฉื ื–ื” (ื™"ื–, ื™"ื˜) ืืš ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืชืช ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืžืฉืœื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ื.
4 ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ืจืงืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืคืกื•ืง ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืจืงืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืคืกื•ืง ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืชื›ื ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉืก"ื‘ (ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืืชืจ).

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *