ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื•ืžื™ ืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื™ืดื˜ ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื“
 
15/10/2003

"ื•ืžื™ ืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื?"

ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง: "ื•ืื‘ืจื”ื ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”' ื‘ืจืš ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ื›ืœ", ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ1:

'ื•ืื‘ืจื”ื ื–ืงืŸ ื•ื”' ื‘ืจืš ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื', ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ืจืš ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื•ื ื‘ืจื›ื• ื‘ืš', ืžื™ ื‘ืจืš ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื‘ืจื›ื• 'ื•ื”' ื‘ืจืš ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ื›ืœ'.
ืžืฉื” ื ื™ืกืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœ"ื“) 'ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืชื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”', ื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืกื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™"ื–) 'ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉื” ืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ื™ืงืจื ืฉืžื• ื”' ื ืกื™'.
ื“ื•ื“ ืจื•ืขืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื' ื™"ื) 'ืืชื” ืชืจืขื” ืืช ืขืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ', ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื›"ื’) 'ื”' ืจื•ืขื™ ืœื ืื—ืกืจ'.
ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืก') 'ื•ื”ืœื›ื• ื’ื•ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš', ื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ 'ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื”' ืœืื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื'.

ืžืœื‘ื“ ื™ื•ืคื™ื• ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืขื•ืžืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
ื”ืจื‘2 ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื:

ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืžืจื™ ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ, ื”ื ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืฉ ื”ืžืงืฉืจ ืื—ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ื–ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื™ืชื• ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžืžื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืžื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ, ืžื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืžื”ืฉืžืืœ, ืžื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช, ืžื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ. ื”ื ื—ื” ืžื•ืกื›ืžืช ื–ืืช ืžืชืืžืชืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขืžืงื™ ื’ื ื–ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืชื‘ืืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆื“ ื•ืคื ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื“ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืœ ืื‘ื™"ืข ืฉืขืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืค"ื).

ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืืœื™ื• ืžืคื ื” ื”ืจื‘ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ:

ื”ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืืฆื™ืœ ื•ื ืืฆืœ, ื•ื”ื ืืฆืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื“' ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืืฉ ืจื•ื— ืžื™ื ืขืคืจโ€ฆ ืฉื”ื ื”ื ื“' ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื“ื: ื' ืื“ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืงืจื ื ืจื ื—"ื™. ื‘' ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื’' ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื“' ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื”ืื“ื ื•ื’ื•ืคื• ื•ืžืœื‘ื•ืฉื•, ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ืžื“' ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืชโ€ฆ ืืžื ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ื“' ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื' ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ. ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืžื ื•ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื•ืจื"ืœื™ ื”ื ืงืจื ืืœืžื•ื’ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ื•ื”ื—ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ื™ ื”ืฉื“ื” ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื›ืœืื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืžื™ืŸ ื›ืœื‘ ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจืงืข ื•ื˜ื‘ื•ืจื• ื ืฉืจืฉ ื‘ืงืจืงืข ื•ื™ื•ื ืง ืžืฉื ื•ื›ืฉื—ื•ืชื›ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื• ืžืช, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื•ืฃ.

ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื—ื•ืœืง ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช โ€“ ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœืคื™ื”ืŸ ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื, ืื•ืœื ืœืขื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ื•, ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื”. ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื‘ืจื ื›ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื ืคืจื“ืช, ื•ืื™ืš ื™ื•ืฉืคืข ืฉืคืข ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื”?

ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ื•ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืืฆื™ืœ ืืœ ื”ื ืืฆืœ, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื—ืง ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืจื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืื™ืš ื™ืื™ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” ื•ืื™ืš ื™ื‘ืจื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื”ื ื‘' ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจื, ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืœ ื”ืžืืฆื™ืœ ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืœ ื”ื ืืฆืœโ€ฆ

ื ืจืื”, ืฉื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ.
ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืื•ืจ, ืžืงื•ืจื ืžืขืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื. ืืฃ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’, ื”ืจื•ืขื”, ืื™ื ื ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ื ื”ื’ื™ื, ืืœื ื‘ื ื”ื•ื ืžืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ืงื•ืฉืจ ืื•ืชื ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช. ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
ื›ื™ืฆื“, ืื ื›ืŸ, ื™ื•ืฉืคืข ืฉืคืข ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื? ืžื”ื™ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืืœ ื”ืฉืคืข ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืžืขืœื™ื•?
ื™ืฉ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช, ืฉื‘ืื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืืš ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ื’ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื•ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉื“ืจื›ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืคืข ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื3: "ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื‘ื”". ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื ืฉืžืชื.
ืžืฉื”, ืขืœื™ื• ื ืืžืจ4 "ื•ืชื—ืกืจื”ื• ืžืขื˜ ืžืืœื”ื™ื"5 ืžืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
ื“ื•ื“, ื ืฉืžืชื• ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืื™ืœื•ืœื™ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื• ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืžืฉื ื•ืชื™ื•6. ืืฃ ื“ื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืืจืขื™.
ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื™ื” โ€“ "ืฉืžืžื ื” ื”ื•ืฉืชืช ื”ืขื•ืœื"7. ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืžืžื ื• ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืขืœ ืœืขื•ืœื.
ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžืชืืจ ืœื ื•, ืื ื›ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชื‘ืจืš ื”ืจื™ ืฉืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื•ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื, ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื•ื”ืื•ืจ.
ืื ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืžืฉื” ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืคืข ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ื“ืจื›ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื•.


1 ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื "ื˜, ื—'.
2 ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœ'ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืจ'.
3 ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ืž"ื–, ื•'.
4 ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื—', ื•'.
5 ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื•ื™ืงืจื, ื’'.
6 ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจืžื– ืž"ื.
7 ื™ื•ืžื ื "ื“, ืข"ื‘.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *