ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื‘ืŸ ื—ื›ื ื™ืฉืžื— ืื‘

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื”ืณ ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื”
 
18/11/2004

ื‘ืŸ ื—ื›ื ื™ืฉืžื— ืื‘

ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžื•ื‘ื1:

'ื•ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื', (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›"ื’) 'ื’ื™ืœ ื™ื’ื™ืœ ืื‘ื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ื™ื•ืœื“ ื—ื›ื ื™ืฉืžื— ื‘ื•', ื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื ื•ืœื“. (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื–') 'ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื—ื– ื•ื’ื•", ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื”ื•ืฉืขื™ื ืืžืจื• ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื, ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืžืœืš ืื—ื–. ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ: ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืชื ื”ื•ื, ื•ืื‘ื™ื• ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื•. 'ื•ื™ื•ืœื“ ื—ื›ื ื™ืฉืžื— ื‘ื•', ืจ' ืœื•ื™ ืืžืจ ืžื ื™ืŸ ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ืŸ ื™ื’ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืžืœื ืขืœื™ื• ืจื—ืžื™ื, ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›"ื’) 'ื‘ื ื™ ืื ื—ื›ื ืœื‘ืš ื™ืฉืžื— ืœื‘ื™ ื’ื ืื ื™'. ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืกื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืืœื ืœื‘ ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื, ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืชืžืœื ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื’ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ 'ื™ืฉืžื— ืœื‘ื™ ื’ื ืื ื™'. ื’ื™ืœื” ืื—ืจ ื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืง, 'ื•ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื'.

ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ื”ืžื•ืกื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื•ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื", ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ืžืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ื• ื•ืฉืื—ืจื™ื•, ื”ื ืžืงืจื™ื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ืžื“ื“ ื•ื ืขืจืš ืœืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืจื›ื• ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื•.

ื ืจืื”, ืฉื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช2:

ื•ืืœื” ืชึนืœื“ึนืช ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ื’ืจ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืช ืฉืคื—ืช ืฉืจื” ืœืื‘ืจื”ืโ€ฆ
ื•ื™ืฉื›ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ืœื” ืขื“ ืฉื•ืจ ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืื›ื” ืืฉื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ื™ื• ื ืคืœ.
ื•ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ึนืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง.

ืคืจืฉืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื” "ื ืคืœ", ื”ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืกื™ื•ื ื•ื›ืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื3:

'ื•ื™ืฉื›ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ืœื” ื•ื’ื•", ื”ื›ื ืืช ืืžืจ 'ื ืคืœ' ื•ืœื”ืœืŸ ืืช ืืžืจ 'ื™ืฉื›ื•ืŸ', ืืœื ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืื‘ืจื”ื ืงื™ื™ื โ€“ 'ื™ืฉื›ื•ืŸ', ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืช ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืื‘ืจื”ื โ€“ 'ื ืคืœ'. ืขื“ ืฉืœื ืคืฉื˜ ื™ื“ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ โ€“ 'ื™ืฉื›ื•ืŸ', ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืคืฉื˜ ื‘ื• ื™ื“ื• โ€“ 'ื ืคืœ'. ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” โ€“ 'ื™ืฉื›ื•ืŸ', ืื‘ืœ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื โ€“ 'ื ืคืœ'.

ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ โ€“ ืกื•ืคื• ื‘ื ืคื™ืœื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืจื›ื• ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฆื—ืง โ€“ "ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื", ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื•ื ืœืคืจืฉื” ื–ื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื“ื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ื“ื•ืจ.

ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช: ื. ืจืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืง. ื‘. ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืขืฆืžื•. ื’. ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืง.
ื. ืจืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืง. ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื™ื ืื—ื–, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืœืš ืจืฉืข, ื•ื”ืขื™ื“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืฉื˜ ื™ื“ื• ื‘ื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง. ืื‘ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืžืงืจื™ืŸ ืžืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื ื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•, ืืฃ ืื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื•. ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืขืฆืžื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื, ื•ื‘ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืื‘, ืืฃ ืื ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืืœื” ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™4:

โ€ฆืืžื ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื’ื ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ืฉื ื•ืื™ ืืœื•ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื’ื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžืฆื“ ืฉืจืฉื ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื ืžืŸ ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื” ื•ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืกื’ื•ืœื”. ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ืื‘ ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืืช ื–ืจืข ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืืฉืจ ื‘ื”ื–ื“ื›ื›ื• ืชืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื ื• ืื• ื‘ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื ื• ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืจื— ื•ืœืื—ืจื™ื, ืฉืœื ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื”ื ืขืฆืžื ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืื‘ืœ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœืคื™ ืฉืจืฉื ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ื‘ื ื™ ืกื’ื•ืœื”, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžื—ื ื•ืžื™ืคืชโ€ฆ

ื”ื‘ืŸ, ืืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื• ืืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘, ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื. ืืฃ ื‘ืŸ ืจืฉืข ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ืฉืœืฉืœืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื ืชืง ืื•ืชื”, ื—ืœื™ืœื”.
ื‘. ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืขืฆืžื•. ืื“ื ืฆื“ื™ืง, ืืฃ ืื ืื‘ื™ื• ืื™ื ื ื• ื›ื–ื”, ืงืฉื•ืจ ืืœ ื”ืื‘, ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ: "ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ืŸ ื™ื’ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืžืœื ืขืœื™ื• ืจื—ืžื™ื". ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืื‘ ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ืื ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ืืฃ ื”ื ืžืื‘ื™ื• ื‘ืื• ืœื•, ืืฃ ืื ืืฆืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ืœื ื”ืชื’ืœื• ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ืžื’ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ.
ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ: "ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืชืžืœื ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื’ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื”". ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจ, ืื™ื ื ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืœืขืฆืžื•, ืืœื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™.
ื’. ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืง. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืฉืœืžื”, "ื’ื™ืœื” ืื—ืจ ื’ื™ืœื”". ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ืŸ ืžื’ืœื™ื ืืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžืœืื”, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

ืžืŸ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ, ืื• ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘, ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”.
ืคืขืžื™ื, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื‘ ืœื‘ืŸ, ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ื ืชืง ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืื‘ื™ื•, ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืื•ืชื•, ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื‘ ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืื›ื–ื‘ื” ื•ืžืคื— ื ืคืฉ, ื•ืœื ืชืง ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืœืžื“ื™ื, ืฉืืฃ ื‘ื‘ืŸ ืจืฉืข, ื—"ื•, ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ืœืื‘, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืคื•ืฉื˜ ื™ื“ื• ื‘ื•. ื”ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืฉื ืืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื•, ื’ื ืื ืœื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš, ืขืœ ืืฃ ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื.
ืืฃ ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ืŸ ืžืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ืจื™ื• ืื™ื ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื•, ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืื•ืชื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื•. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืš. ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘, ื•ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืืฆืœ ื”ืื‘ ืืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืื‘, ื•ืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืฃ ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื›ื•ื›ื™ื.


1 ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ืก"ื’, ื', ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื ื”ืžืชื•ืงื ืช ื‘ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™. ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ืื ื• ืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”.
2 ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›"ื”, ื™"ื‘-ื™"ื˜.
3 ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ืก"ื‘, ื”'.
4 ืžืืžืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฆ"ื”.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *