ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืœืžื” ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ืกืชื•ืžื”

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื™ืดื’ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื”
 
25/12/2004

ืœืžื” ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ืกืชื•ืžื”?

ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื“ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืฉื”1:

'ื•ื™ื—ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื', ืœืžื” ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ืกืชื•ืžื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืกืชื•ืžื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืงืฉ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืฅ ื•ื ืกืชื ืžืžื ื•.
ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืกืชื•ืžื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืกืชื ืžืžื ื• ื›ืœ ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื.

ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ืกืชื•ืžื”. ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืจื•ื•ื— ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื›ื›ืœ ืคืจืฉื” ืื—ืจืช, ืืœื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืžืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ื™ื’ืฉ", ืœืœื ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืจืฉื” ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืžื“ื•ืข?
ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”: ื. ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“. ื‘. ืกืชื™ืžืช ื”ืงืฅ ืžื™ืขืงื‘. ื’. ืกืชื™ืžืช ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ืžื™ืขืงื‘.
ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื” ืื—ืช ืœืื—ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืกืชื™ืžืช ื”ืคืจืฉื”.
ื‘"ืฉืคืช ืืžืช" ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืกืชื•ืžื”2:

ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ืกืชื•ืžื” ืฉื ืกืชื ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืœื‘ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฉื ื•ื›ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื ืกืชืžื• ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืœื‘ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืš ื ืขืฉื” ืคืจืฉื” ืกืชื•ืžื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืขืฆืžื• ืขื ื™ืŸ 'ืื ื›ื™ ืืจื“ ืขืžืš ืžืฆืจื™ืžื”'. 'ืขืžื• ืื ื›ื™ ื‘ืฆืจื”'. ื›ื™ ื’ืœื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืจืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื’ืื•ืœื•ืช ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืกื“ืจ ืœืืœื” ื”ื’ืœื™ื•ืช. ื“ืื™ืชื ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืงื•ื‘"ื” ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื“. ื•ื›ืžื” ื“ืฉืžื ืงื“ื™ืฉื ื•ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืกืชื™ื ื•ื’ืœื™ื ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืคืฉื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™' ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื”. ื•ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืกืชื•ื. ื•ื‘ื‘' ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ ื ืฉืชื‘ื—ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ 'ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืื ื™', ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช 'ื•ื ืื•ื”', ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื”. ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ 'ื’ืŸ ื ืขื•ืœ'. ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืขืฆืžืŸ ื•ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื.

ืกืชื™ืžืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื "ืกืชื™ื ื•ื’ืœื™ื" โ€“ ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื”, ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ืกืชืจืช. ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื”ื’ื ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ื”ื. ืกืชื™ืžืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžืœืžื“ืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืกืชืจ, ื›ืžื•ืก ื•ืกืชื•ื ื”ื’ื ื•ื– ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื•, ื•ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืžื•ืกื™ื ื•ื ืกืชืจื™ื, ืฉืกืชื™ืžืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืจื•ืžื–ืช ืืœื™ื”ื.

ื. "ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ". ื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ืขืช ื›ื ื•ืก" โ€“ ื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•. ืขื“ ืœืคื˜ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘, ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืžืขืžื“ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืœ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืœืคืจืขื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื‘ืจืš ืืช ืคืจืขื” โ€“ ืžืืฆื™ืœ ืœื• ืžื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ื•ื ื™ื›ืจืช. ืขื ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื–ื”ื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ ืืช ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“, ืืช ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•. ืžืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืื™ื ื ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ, ืืœื ื”ื™ื ืกืชื•ืžื” โ€“ ื ืกืชืจืช ื•ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช.
ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉืชื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ื•ื”ื ืกืชืจืช3:

ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืžื’ืžืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื›ืžื•ืชื™ืช, ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ืžื”ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ. ื•ืื ื™ื“ืขื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืกื’ื ื•ื ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ, ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื–ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ. ืืžื ื ื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืืœื” ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืžืฆืืช ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
ื•ืืœื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื, ื‘ื’ื‘ื”ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ืžืจื•ืžืžื™ื ื”ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืคืœื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื ืœื‘ื“, ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ื”ื ื™ื›ืจืช. ืืช ื”ืจื–ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื’ืœื™ื, ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืื•ืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื’ื•ืจืžืช ื‘ืขืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื—ื”, ื‘ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื” ื’ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื•ืœื”, ืขืœ ืžื‘ื˜ ื›ืœ ืขื™ืŸ, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื” ื•ืชื ื•ืขื”, ืขืœ ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ืขืœ ืžื’ืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ื›ืœ ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื“, ืžื—ื–ืง ื•ืžืงื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ.
ื’ื ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื ื” ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื“ืขื•ืช, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ืื•ืฆืจืช ื™ืคื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืืช ืกื’ื•ืœืชื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืžืชืขืœื”, ืžืฆื“ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื›ื–ืืช, ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช.

ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ื•ื ื™ื›ืจืช, ื”ืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžืžื ื”. ืื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื ืกืชืจืช. ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื, ืฉื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืงื™ื•ืžื, ื‘ืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืคืฆืช ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ื–ื•, ืฉืขืฆื ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืขื ืงื“ื•ืฉ โ€“ ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžืจื•ืžืžืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืขื ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘. ืื– ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืœื”ืชื›ื ืก ื‘ืขืฆืžื, ื•ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™, ืฉื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ืกืชืจืช.

ื ืจืื”, ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ โ€“ ืื ื• ืžืชืคื ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื”โ€ฆ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ื”ืŸ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืฉื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืื™ื ื ื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ืืœื ื ืกืชืจืช ื•ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช.
ื™ืฉ ืขืช ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ื•ื ื™ื›ืจืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืขืช ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ "ืคืจืฉื” ืกืชื•ืžื”", ื•ืขืช ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืชื›ื ืก ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื•ื‘ืขืช ื›ื–ื• ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื ืกืชืจืช ื•ื›ืžื•ืกื”.

ื‘. "ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืงืฉ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืฅ ื•ื ืกืชื ืžืžื ื•". ื”ืงืฅ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ืชื ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื”, ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ืงืฅ ืฉื ืœื—ื•ืฉืš"4 โ€“ ื”ืงืฅ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ื—ื•ืฉืš โ€“ ืคืจืฉื” ืกืชื•ืžื” โ€“ ื“ื•ืงื ืžืฉื•ื ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื•. ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืžื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื•ื”ื”ืืจื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืกืชืžื™ื. ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืกืชื•ืžื” ืžืœืžื“ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื ื•ื– ื‘ื”, ืืœื ืฉืžืคื ื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืกืชื•ื ื•ื›ื ื•ืก, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืงืจืื ื• ืขืœ ืงืฅ ื ื•ืกืฃ: "ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืžืงืฅ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื™ืžื™ื"5. ืงืฅ ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืื™ืจืขื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœื•. ืขืžื™ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคื ื™ ืคืจืขื” ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื.
ื›ืš ื”ืงืฅ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•, ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ืื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช. ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉื™ืชื’ืœื” ื™ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ. ืื•ืจ ื–ื” ื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืขื“ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื’ืœื•ืชื•, ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืš. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืกืชื ืžืžื ื• ื”ืงืฅ, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืกืชื™ืžืช ื”ืคืจืฉื”, ื”ืžืœืžื“ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื ื•ื– ื‘ื”.

ื’. "ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืกืชื ืžืžื ื• ื›ืœ ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื". ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ืžืฆื ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•. ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื. ืื•ืœื, ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืžื™ืชื”, ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ื ืฆื—ื™ ืืœื ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื โ€“ ืžืขื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉืœื.
ื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื6, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื•ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื” ืืœื™ื• ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ื™ื—ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘" โ€“ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ืžืœืื™ื. ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ื• ื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืกืชืžื• ืžื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช7. ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืขืžื•ืงื”, ืฉื‘ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืจืง ืœืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื”ืŸ ื ืจืื•ืช ื›ืจืข. ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื• ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืข.
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืกืชื™ืžืช ื”ืคืจืฉื”. ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ ื”ื•ื: "ื•ื™ืงืจื‘ื• ื™ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžื•ืช" โ€“ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ ืžื™ืชืชื• ืงืจื‘ื”, ืืš ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ืกืชืจืช ื•ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜, ืฉื”ืื™ืจ ืืฃ ืืช ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืื™ื ื ื• ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ื•ืฉื›ื—ืช ื”ืจืข, "ืฉื›ื— ืืช ื”ื›ืœ". ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœืื“ื ืจืื™ื” ืขืžื•ืงื”, ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืขื•ืœื ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืฉืœื ื•ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืžื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืจื•ืื” ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘.
ืกืชื™ืžืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžืœืžื“ืช ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ืืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื›ื ื•ืก ื•ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื ืกืชืžื• ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ืžื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื•.


1 ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ืฆ"ื•, ื'. ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ื ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”.
2 ื•ื™ื—ื™ ืฉื ืช ืชืจืž"ื”.
3 ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื—"ื ืขืž' ืค"ื•.
4 ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›"ื—, ื’'.
5 ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืž"ื, ื'.
6 ืขื™' ื‘ื–ื•ื”"ืง ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจืฉื”, ืจื™"ื ืข"ื‘.
7 ืขื›ื™' ื‘ืคืกืงื ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ: "'ื•ื™ืงืจื‘ื• ื™ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžื•ืช'. ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืœ"ื˜): 'ื›ื™ ื’ืจ ืื ื›ื™ ืขืžืš ืชื•ืฉื‘ ื•ื’ื•", (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื' ื›"ื˜): 'ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ื•ื’ื•' ื›ืฆืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื”'โ€ฆ 'ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื”' ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ื” ืฉืœื ื™ืžื•ืช. ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ื”ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืชื™ื. ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜"ื•): 'ื•ืื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืขืจื™ืจื™', ื™ืฆื—ืง ืืžืจ (ืฉื ื›"ื–): 'ื•ืื‘ืจื›ืš ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืœืคื ื™ ืžื•ืชื™', ืืฃ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืžืจ 'ื•ืฉื›ื‘ืชื™ ืขื ืื‘ื•ืชื™', ืื™ืžืชื™ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื ื˜ื” ืœืžื•ืช".

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *