ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื”ืืžืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื”

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื—ืณ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื
 
01/02/2001

ื”ืืžืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื”

ืจืก"ื’ ืžื•ื ื”, ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœ"ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ืขื•ืช", ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืคื™ืจื”.
ื ื ืกื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื•, ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืœื›ื” ืœื™ืžื™ื ื• โ€“ ื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื•ืืฃ ืคื•ืกื˜-ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช.
ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”1:

ืชื—ืœืชืŸ ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื˜ื•ืจื— ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืžื–ืงื™ืงื• ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืขืœ ืคื™ื• ื‘ื“ืช ืื– ื™ื‘ืจื— ื•ื™ืชืจื—ืง ืžื›ืš, ื•ืžืกื‘ื” ื–ื• ืชืžืฆื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ื”ืืžืช ื›ื‘ื“ื”' 'ื”ืืžืช ืžืจื”', ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ื•ืจื—ื™ื ืืœื™ื•, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืจื—ืงื• ืžืขืœ ื”' ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ื ืชื ื” ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืžื•ืจืฉื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืกื›ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื‘ืจืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ืฉืื ื™ืฉืžืขื• ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื—ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขืฉื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ื’ื™ืขื” ื™ืฉืืจื• ืจืขื‘ื™ื ื•ื—ืกืจื™ ื›ืœ ืžื”ืขื“ืจ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ื ื•ืช.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช.

ื. ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”"ืคื•ืกื˜ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช" ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ. ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื“ืขื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื•ืœื“ืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืœื ืžืืคืฉืจืฆ ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ืคืฅ.
ื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ื–ื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื•ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื• ืฉืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืคืจื™ืงืช ืขื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช.
ื™ืฉื ื• ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžื•ื ืขืช ืžื”ืื“ื ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื•. ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ืžืจื, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืคื•ื˜ืจืช ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื•ืืช ืจื‘ื• ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” "ืœืžื” ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื’ืžืจื", ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื ื“ื‘ืงืช ืคืกื•ืœืช. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉืืœื•ืช, ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื™ื’ื™ื, ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืœื ืงื•ืชื ื”ื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื ื™ืคื•ืฅ ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœืžื” ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื”ื›ืคื™ืจื”, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืคื•ืฅ ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช, ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืžื™ืงื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืœื•, ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืขืžื•ืงื”, ืฉืชื™ืชืŸ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช.
ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”"ืคื•ืกื˜-ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ื" ื”ื™ื ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช, ืฉืื—ืจื™ื” ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืžืžืกื’ืจื•ืช. "ืœื ืชื”ื• ื‘ืจืื” ืœืฉื‘ืช ื™ืฆืจื”"2. ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื˜ื‘ืข, ื•ื’ื ื”"ืคื•ืกื˜ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ื" ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ืคืฅ ืืช ื›ื— ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื”. ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื•ื”ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืืœื•, ื›ืžื• ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื›ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื, ืืš ื”ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื ื™ืคื•ืฅ ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช, ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชื•ื”ื•, ืืœื ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช, ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช.
ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช, ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช โ€“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื•ื”ื•.

ื‘. ื”ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืก"ื’ โ€“ ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžืขื•ืœ, ื•ื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื.
ื™ืฉื ื” ื›ืืŸ, ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข, ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœื.
"ืื“ื ืœืขืžืœ ื™ื•ืœื“"3. ื”ืื“ื ื ื‘ืจื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืžืœ, ื–ื”ื• ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•.
ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืžืชืจื™ืขื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉืืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ืกืจืง (ื ื™ื•ื˜ืจืืœ), ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืžื–ื™ืง ืœืžื ื•ืข. ื”ืžื ื•ืข ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ืกืจืง ื™ืฉื ื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืกืชื ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื ื–ืง ื•ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ืœืžื ื•ืข.
ื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื›ืš โ€“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืกืจืง, ืœืœื ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช, ืžืฉื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื. ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืชื ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช, ื›ืš ื’ื ื ืคืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ืœื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื ื•ืข ืฉืœื• ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืš. ืœื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ืกืจืง.
ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืื•ืžืจ: "ื’ื ืžืชืจืคื” ื‘ืžืœืื›ืชื• ืื— ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉื—ื™ืช"4. ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืœื•ื โ€“ ืื™ื ื ื• ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื—ื™ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืจื™ืืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื.
ืคืกื•ืง ื ื•ืกืฃ: "ืžื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื™ืฉื‘ืข ืกื•ื’ ืœื‘ ื•ืžืขืœื™ื• ืื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘"5. ืžืคืจืฉื™ ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื”ืชืงืฉื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืžืขืœื™ื•" ื‘ืคืกื•ืง. ื ืจืื”, ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื: ื. ืžืขื•ืœื•. ืื“ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ืข ืžื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ืขื•ืœ. ื‘. ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• โ€“ ืžืžื” ืฉืžืขืœื™ื•. ืื“ื ืฉื‘ืข ืžื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืขืœื™ื• ืžืฉื”ื•, ืืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืืฃ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข.
ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื. ืกื•ื’ ืœื‘, ืžื™ ืฉืœื™ื‘ื• ืขื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ืกื™ื’ื™ื, ื—ื•ืกื ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืชื•. ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื ืกื” ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ื—ืกืจ ืฉื‘ื ืคืฉื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื”ื, ืืœื "ืœืกืชื•ื" ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ื”ื—ืกืจ, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืข ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”.
ื”ืื“ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืฉื‘ืข ืžืขืœื™ื•. ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืžืขืœื™ื• ืขื•ืœ, ืื– ื”ืื“ื ืžืคื™ืง ืžืขืฆืžื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื•. ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื• ื”ืื“ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ืกื™ืคื•ืง. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืœืœื ืขื•ืœ, ื•ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืงื“ื ืœืœื ืขื•ืœ.
ื”ืืžืช ืื›ืŸ ื›ื‘ื“ื”, ื›ื™ ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื›ืš ื”ืื“ื ื—ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”.


1 ืกืคืจ ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืงื“ืžื”, ืขืž' ื›"ื˜ ื‘ืžื”ื“' ื”ืจื‘ ืงืืคื—.
2 ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืž"ื”, ื™"ื—.
3 ืื™ื•ื‘ ื”', ื–'.
4 ืžืฉืœื™ ื™"ื—, ื˜'.
5 ืžืฉืœื™ ื™"ื“, ื™"ื“.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *