ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™ื ื•ื–ื™ืงืชื ืœื—ื’ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื”

ื”ืจื‘ ืชืžื™ืจ ื›ื”ืŸ
ื›ืดื• ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื‘
 
11/12/2001

ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™ื ื•ื–ื™ืงืชื ืœื—ื’ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื”

ืจืืฉื™ ืคืจืงื™ื:
ืคืชื™ื—ื”
ืชืจืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ

ื”ืฉืชืชืคื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื ื™
ืคืกื•ืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ
ืจืงืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™
ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ืช ืื ืจื›ื™ื”
ืžืžืœื›ืช ืชื“ืžื•ืจ
ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช
ืขืœื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ
ืื•ื“ื™ื ืช ืื• ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื”?
ืชื“ืžื•ืจ โ€“ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช
ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื•ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช
ืกื™ื›ื•ื
ื ืกืคื—ื™ื

ืคืชื™ื—ื”

ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื ืงื‘ืข1: "ืžืฉืชืฉืงืข ื”ื—ืžื” ืขื“ ืฉืชื›ืœื” ืจื’ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืงโ€ฆ ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื”? ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจ ื—ื ื” ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืขื“ ื“ื›ืœื™ื ืจื’ืœื ื“ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™". ื ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉืืœื”, ืžื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืจื’ืœ ื›ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• "ืขื™ืจ ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืงื”". ื”ืื ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื™ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”?2 ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืืฃ ื—ื•ืžืจื: ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ื‘ื ืจ ืฉืžืŸ ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ "ืขื“ ืฉืชื›ืœื” ืจื’ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืง", ืฉืžื ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืœืชืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื ื›ื‘ื“, ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื“ืœื•ืง ืขื“ ืฉืขื” ืฉืชื›ืœื” ืจื’ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื•!
ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ื“ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ื•ืš3, ื•ืชื•ืจืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืฉื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉื˜ืจื ืฉื‘ื• ืœื‘ื™ืชื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืง, ืื• ืฉืฉื‘ื• ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืฉื•ืง ืœืงื ื•ืช ืขืฆื™ื ืœื”ื‘ืขืจื”, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืจืื• ืคื™ืจืกื•ืžื™ ื ื™ืกื. ื•ืื ื›ืš, ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืœื™ืœื” ืžืื•ื—ืจืช, ืืœื ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืชื, ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”. ืžืื™ื“ืš, ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ (ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš) ื•ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื‘"ืžืขืฉื” ืจื‘", ืฉืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขื“ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ืืฃ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืงืฉื”, ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš "ืจื’ืœื ื“ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™", ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื” ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื”, ื•ืื ื›ืš, ืฉืžื ืืฃ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ื™ืฉืชื ื”. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืžืกืงื ืชื• ืฉืื ืžื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื“ืจ ื•ืœืชืช ืฉืžืŸ ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืชื, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœืœืžื“ ืงืฆืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง, ื›ื™ ื–ืžืŸ "ืคื™ืจืกื•ืžื™ ื ื™ืกื" ืžืชืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•.
ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ4 ื ืจืื”, ืฉ"ืขื“ ื“ื›ืœื™ื ืจื’ืœื ื“ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™" ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืกื™ื‘ื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืคื™ืจืกื•ืžื™ ื ื™ืกื, ืืœื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง. ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™:

ืจื’ืœื ื“ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™ โ€“ ืฉื ืื•ืžื” ืžืœืงื˜ื™ ืขืฆื™ื ื“ืงื™ื ื•ืžืชืขื›ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง ืœื‘ืชื™ื”ื ืžืฉื—ืฉื›ื” ื•ืžื‘ืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ืื•ืจ ื•ื›ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื•ืงื•ื ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืŸ.

ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ:

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืื•ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื›ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืฉื™ื“ืœื™ืง ื”ื ืจ. ื•ืืœ"ื› ืœืžื” ื ืงื˜ "ืจื’ืœ ื“ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™" ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืฆื™ื? ื•ืื™ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืœ"ืœ "ืขื“ ืฉืชื›ืœื” ืจื’ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืง", ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืจื’ืœ ื“ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื. ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจื” ืœื”ืื™ืจ, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืœื• ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืงื•ื ื™ื ืขืฆื™ื ืœื”ืื™ืจ, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ืื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืœื” ืจื’ืœ ื“ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™, ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง.

ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ, ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืชืœืชื” ื”ื’ืžืจื ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™ื, ืฉืขื™ืกื•ืงื ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชืื•ืจื”. ืจืฉ"ื™ ืชื™ืืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืื“ื ืฉื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขืจื•ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื—ืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ืช. ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ ืœืฉื•ืง, ืคื•ื’ืฉ ืฉื ืืช ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™ื, ืงื•ื ื” ืืฆืœื ืขืฆื™ื ืœืžืื•ืจ, ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”, ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืืฉ, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื‘ืฉืœื•ื. ืชื™ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืคื•ืงื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื ืจื“ืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื›ื”, ื•ืืช ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื•ืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ืืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”5. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืจื’ืœื ื• ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ืื ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขืžื• ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”6.

ื—ื–"ืœ ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื:

ื•ื—ื•ืฉืš โ€“ ื–ื• ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื—ืฉื™ื›ื” ืขื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื’ื–ืจื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื”ื: ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื›ื ืขืœ ืงืจืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ื-ืœื•ืงื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ7.

ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ืš ืขื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœืชื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ืžืช ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืœืฉืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื•ืจื”, ืกืžืœ ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื ื’ื“, ืื ื• ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืŸ. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืชื•, ืฉืื– ืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ื”ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ืืฃ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืชื ื•, ื”ื•ื ืื•ืชื” ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ืžืฉืชืฉืงืข ื”ื—ืžื”, ื•ืขื“ ืฉืชื›ืœื” ืจื’ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืง, ืจื™ื’ืœื ื“ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™8.
ื›ืขืช ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ืžื” ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื” ืžื•ื–ืจื” ื–ื•, ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™ื, ืฉืื ืฉื™ื” ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืขืฆื™ื ื“ืงื™ื. ื”ืื ืงื™ื™ื ืงืฉืจ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”? ืขืœ ื›ืš ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืžืืžืจื ื•.

ืชืจืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ

ื”ืฉืชืชืคื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื ื™
ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ืฉืชืจืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™:

ื. ื"ืจ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืืฉืจื™ ืžื™ ืฉืจืื” ื‘ืžืคืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืชืจืžื•ื“ ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ืจ' ื™ื•ื“ืŸ ืืžืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืืœืฃ ืงืฉืชื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืืœืฃ ืงืฉืชื™ืŸ, ืจื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ืจืืฉื•ืŸ9.

ื‘. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืืฉืจื™ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืžืคืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคืช ื‘ื—ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื—ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™, ื‘ื—ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืืœืฃ ืงืฉื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืžื•ื ืช ืืœืคื™ื ืงืฉื˜ื™ื10.

ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืชืจืžื•ื“: "ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื•" ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ:

ื•ื™ืจืฉ ื–ืจืขืš ืืช ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื• โ€“ ืจ' ืืžืจ ื–ื” ืชื“ืžื•ืจ. ืืฉืจื™ื• ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืื” ื‘ืžืคืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื—ืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ืจ' ื™ื•ื“ืŸ ื•ืจ' ื—ื•ื ื ื—ื“ ืžื ื”ื•ืŸ ืืžืจ ื—ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืืœืฃ ืงืฉื˜ื™ื ื•ื—ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื™ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืžื•ื ืช ืืœืคื™ื ืงืฉื˜ื™ื11.

ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืœืžื“ื ื•, ืฉืชืจืžื•ื“ ืื™ื ื” ืื•ืžื” ืชืžื™ืžื”, ืืœื ืื•ืžื” ืฉืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืื™ืชื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืจื•ืš! ืืžื ื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืคื’ืขื• ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื•ืื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืช ืชืจืžื•ื“ ื›"ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื•" ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื–ืืช, ื›ื ืจืื”, ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ืื” ื”ืขืงื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืจืžื•ื“ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื ืื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื” ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืื™ืžืคืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื™ืžืช ืฉืืœื• ืžื—ืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ12. ืขื•ื“ ืœืžื“ื ื•, ืฉ"ืชืจืžื•ื“" ื”ื™ื: "ืชื“ืžื•ืจ", ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ืชื "ืš ืคืขืžื™ื™ื, ื›ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืžื”:

ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ืืช ื’ื–ืจ ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื—ืจืŸ ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื•ืืช ืชืžืจ (ืชื“ืžืจ) ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ13.
ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืช ืชื“ืžืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ืขืจื™ ื”ืžืกื›ื ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื—ืžืช14.

ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช:

ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืช ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ โ€“ (ื•ื‘ืžืœื›ื™ื ื' ื˜') ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืืช ืชืžื•ืจ ื•ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ืงืจื™ื ืŸ ื•ื–ื” ืฉืฉื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื’ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘"ืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืขืงื™ื“ื” ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉืขื–ืจื• ืœืฉื•ื ืื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ืจื• ืขืฆืžื ื•ื ืชื—ืœืคื• ืœืจืขื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžืœื›ื™ื ืชืžื•ืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชืžื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ืกื“ ืฉืขืฉื” ืขืžื”ื ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื‘ื ื” ืœื”ื ื›ืจืš ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื•ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœืžื” ืœื ื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืืŸ ืชืžื•ืจ ืืœื ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขื™ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœืžื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ื›ืจืš ืฉืžืจื“ื• ื‘ื• ื•ืงืœืงืœื• ื‘ื• ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืชืžื•ืจ.

ืžื›ืืŸ, ืฉืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืชื“ืžื•ืจ, ืืœื ืฉืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ืฉื ืื”. ืžื” ื˜ื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื—ืœืฃ?

ืคืกื•ืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ
ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช15 ืžื•ื‘ืืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื’ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื. ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื”ื’ืžืจื ืืช ืขื“ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจ' ื“ื•ืกื ื‘ืŸ ื”ืจื›ื™ื ืก:

ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื™ื“ ืื ื™ ืขืœื™ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ, ืฉืขืœ ืžื“ื•ื›ื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืืžืจ ืฉืœืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ืฆืจืช ื”ื‘ืช ืืกื•ืจื”, ืขืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืื‘ ืžืขืฉืจื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉืจ ืขื ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื’ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจื“ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื.

ืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™:

ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื’ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจื“ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื•' โ€“ ื•ืœื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืžืžื–ืจื™ื ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื‘ืื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื“ืื™ื›ื ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื“ืคืกืœื™.

ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ื”ืื ืื ืฉื™ ืชืจืžื•ื“ ื”ื ื’ื•ื™ื™ื "ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื", ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ื™ื™ืจื, ืื• ืฉื”ื ืžืžื–ืจื™ื โ€“ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื›ื•"ื ืฉื‘ืื• ืขืœ ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ื’ื™ื•ืจ.
ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื”, ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื”ื’ืžืจื ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืฉืืœื” ื–ื•:

ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืกื‘ื™ื ื“ืืžืจื™ ืชืจื•ื™ื™ื”ื•: ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื’ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื. ื•ืžื™ ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื”ื›ื™? ื•ื”ืชื ืŸ: ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืชืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืจืงื โ€“ ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžื˜ืžื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื’ืจื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ืขื™ื, ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื โ€“ ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื; ื•ื”ื•ื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื”, ืงืคืกื™ืง ื•ืชื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืืคื™' ืžืŸ ืชืจืžื•ื“! ื•ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ, ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช: ืžืงื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ืžืชืจืžื•ื“! ื•ื›ื™ ืชื™ืžื, ื–ืืช ื•ืœื ืก"ืœ, ื•ื”ื ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ: ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืกืชื ืžืฉื ื”! ืืžื•ืจืื™ ื ื™ื ื”ื• ื•ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ16.

ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืžื‘ืจืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืกืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื:

ืžืชืจืžื•ื“ ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืžื ืœื? ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืกื‘ื™ื, ื—ื“ ืืžืจ: ืžืฉื•ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืฉืœืžื”, ื•ื—ื“ ืืžืจ: ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ืฉืœืžื ืœืž"ื“ ืžืฉื•ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืฉืœืžื”, ืงืกื‘ืจ: ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื“ ื”ื‘ื ืขืœ ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื”ื•ืœื“ ืžืžื–ืจ, ืืœื ืœืž"ื“ ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืžืื™ ื”ื™ื? ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ื‘ื” ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื•ืชืจื•ื™ื™ื”ื• ืžืฉืžื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจ ื—ื ื”17, ื—ื“ ืืžืจ: ืชืจื™ืกืจ ืืœืคื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืฉื™ืชื ืืœืคื™ ืงืฉืชื•ื™ื™, ื•ื—ื“ ืืžืจ: ืชืจื™ืกืจ ืืœืคื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืžื ื™ื™ื”ื• ืฉื™ืชื ืืœืคื™ ืงืฉืชื•ื™ื™, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ืœ, ื”ื›ืœ ื ืคื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื–ื”ื‘, ื•ื”ื ื ืคื ื• ืขืœ ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืื™ื›ื” ื”', ื™"ื): 'ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”'.

ืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™:
ืžืชืจืžื•ื“ ืž"ื˜ ืœื โ€“ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื.
ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืฉืœืžื” โ€“ ืฉื ืฉืื• ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื—ืžืช ืขื•ืฉืจืŸ ื•ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื ื‘ื—ื–ืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืงืกื‘ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื“ ื”ื‘ื ืขืœ ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ืœื“ ืžืžื–ืจ.
ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื โ€“ ืœืงืžื™ื” ืžืคืจืฉ ืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื” ื›ืฉื‘ืื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ืฉืื•ื.
ื ื—ืœืงื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื”ืื ืคืกื•ืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืชืจืžื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืฉืœืžื”, ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื›ื ืขื ื™ื ืฉืฉืœืžื” ื”ืขืœื” ืœืžืก ืขื•ื‘ื“ (ืžืœ"ื ื˜', ื›'-ื›"ื‘), ืื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ ืชืจืžื•ื“ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืจื™ื’, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื–ื•ื– ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื–ื”ื‘, ื›ืฉืืจ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ืœื”ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœืžื—ืจื™ื‘ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื.
ื‘ื“ืฃ ื™"ื– ืข"ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืœื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชืจืžื•ื“:

ื™ืชื™ื‘ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืื—ื•ืจื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ ื›ื”ื ื ื•ื™ืชื™ื‘ ืจื‘ ื›ื”ื ื ืงืžื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื•ื™ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืงืืžืจ: ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืžื ื˜ื‘ื ื›ื™ ื—ืจื‘ื™ ืชืจืžื•ื“. ื•ื”ื ื—ืจื™ื‘! ื”ื”ื™ื โ€“ ืชืžื•ื“ ื”ื•ืื™. ืจื‘ ืืฉื™ ืืžืจ: ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืชืจืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืชืžื•ื“, ืื›ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ืžื›ืคืœ, ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืžื”ืื™ ื’ื™ืกื ืื•ืชื™ื‘ ืžื”ืื™ ื’ื™ืกื, ื•ืื™ ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืžื”ืื™ ื’ื™ืกื ืื•ืชื™ื‘ ืžื”ืื™ ื’ื™ืกื.

ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืงืจื™ ื•ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘: ืชืžืจ โ€“ ืชื“ืžืจ, ื‘ืžืœื›ื™ื. ื•ืจื‘ ืืฉื™ ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชืจืžื•ื“ ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื, ื•ืื ืžื—ืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื”ื™ื ื ื‘ื ื™ืช ืžืฆื™ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™, ื•ืœื”ืคืš. ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื”.
ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ืžืชืืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื: "ื”ืจืคื ื™ื", ืฉืืœื™ื• ืžืชืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื›ืœ ืคืกื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ:

ืžืื™ ื”ืจืคื ื™ื? ืืžืจ ืจ' ื–ื™ืจื: ื”ืจ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืคื•ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•. ื‘ืžืชื ื™ืชื ืชื ื: ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื•ืฉื‘ื˜ื• ื ืคื ื” ืœืฉื. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื: ื•ื”ื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื” ืžืฉืื•ืœ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™"ื’, ื™"ื“): 'ืžื™ื“ ืฉืื•ืœ ืืคื“ื ืžืžื•ืช ืื’ืืœื', ื•ืื™ืœื• ืคืกื•ืœ ื“ื™ื“ื”ื• ืœื™ืช ืœื”ื• ืชืงื ืชื.

ืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™:
ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉื โ€“ ื›ืœ ืคืกื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืื™ืŸ ืืฉื” ืคื•ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ืŸ ืฉื.
ื•ื”ื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื” โ€“ ื•ืจืขื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื™ื”ื ื ื“ืื™ืœื• ืœื™ื•ืจื“ื™ ื’ื™ื”ื ื ืื™ื›ื ืชืงื ืชื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืžื™ื“ ืฉืื•ืœ ืืคื“ื ืžืžื•ืช ืื’ืืœื ื•ืื™ืœื• ืคืกื•ืœื™ ื“ื™ื“ื”ื• ืœื™ืช ืœื”ื• ืชืงื ืชื.
ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืื•ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ื•ืžื”ืจืคื ื™ื, ืœื! ืืš ืžื™ื“ ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื”ืจืคื ื™ื:

ืคืกื•ืœื™ ื“ื”ืจืคื ื™ื โ€“ ืžืฉื•ื ืคืกื•ืœื™ ื“ืžื™ืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ืคืกื•ืœื™ ื“ืžื™ืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžืฉื•ื ืคืกื•ืœื™ ื“ืชืจืžื•ื“, ืคืกื•ืœื™ ื“ืชืจืžื•ื“ โ€“ ืžืฉื•ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืฉืœืžื”. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืืžืจื™ ืื™ื ืฉื™: ืงื‘ื ืจื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื–ื•ื˜ื ืžื™ื’ื ื“ืจ ื•ืื–ื™ืœ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ื•ืžืฉืื•ืœ ืœืชืจืžื•ื“, ื•ืžืชืจืžื•ื“ ืœืžื™ืฉืŸ, ื•ืžืžื™ืฉืŸ ืœื”ืจืคื ื™ื.

ืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™:

ืžืฉื•ื ืคืกื•ืœื™ ื“ืžื™ืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื” ื•ืžืชืขืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื•ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืจืง ืขืฉืจื” ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืข"ื ืข"ื‘) ืžื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืžืชื” ื•ื”ืชื ืžืคืจืฉ ืคืกื•ืœื™ื™ื”ื•.
ืงื‘ื ืจื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื–ื•ื˜ื โ€“ ืื™ืคื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืื™ืคื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžืขื•ื•ืชื™ื ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืžืฉืื•ืœ ืœืชืจืžื•ื“ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืฉืื•ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืชืจืžื•ื“ ื•ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœ ืžืฉืื•ืœ ืœืชืจืžื•ื“ ื•ื˜ืขืžื ื›ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ื“ืื™ืœื• ืœื™ื•ืจื“ื™ ื’ื™ื”ื ื ืื™ื›ื ืชืงื ืชื ื•ืœืคืกื•ืœ ื“ื™ื“ื”ื• ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื”ืจื”.
ืžื’ื ื“ืจ โ€“ ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœ.

ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื“ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืจืคื ื™ื, ื–ื” ืจืง ืงืฆื” ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ! ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืคืกื•ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืชืจืžื•ื“. ื›ื ืจืื” ืžื›ืืŸ ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืฉื™ื›ืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืชืจืžื•ื“ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ืื” ืฉืœื”ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื”ืื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืชืจืžื•ื“? ืžื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื• ืขืœื™ื”?

ืจืงืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™18
ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ืช ืื ืจื›ื™ื”
ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 235-285 ืœืกื”"ื  ื›ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืื ืจื›ื™ื” ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช. ืื ืจื›ื™ื” ื–ื• ืžืฉืชืงืคืช ื‘ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืจื•ืžื™. ื‘ืžื–ืจื—, ื ื—ืจื‘ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืคืจืชื™ืช, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืคืจืกื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืฉืฉื•ืืคืช ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืœื›ื™ ืคืจืก ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื›ื•ืจืฉ ื•ื“ืจื™ื•ืฉ. ื”ืคืจืกื™ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ืจื•ืžื™, ื•ืžืชื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื”. ื‘ืžืขืจื‘, ื”ื•ืœืžื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื’ืจืžื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื’ืœื™ืช-ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช, ืฉื ืคืจื“ืช ืžืจื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
ืžื‘ื™ืช, ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืžื™ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืกืชืื‘ื•ืช. ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื™ืœ ืžืกื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื”, ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืขืžืกื” ื ื•ืคืœืช ืขืœ ื›ืชืคื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื ืžื•ืš. ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืชืงื™ืคืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ืฉื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ื“ื™ื, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื, ืฉื‘ืื• ืžืงืจื‘ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื ืžื•ืš.
ืจื•ืžื™ ื ืงืœืขืช ืœืžืขืจื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื•ื‘ืžืขืจื‘, ื•ื’ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช: ืงื™ืกืจื™ื ื ืจืฆื—ื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ืœืคื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื–ื”. ืžืื™ื“ืš, ืคืจืก ืื™ื ื” ืžืžื”ืจืช ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ืกืจื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช, ื•ืคืœื™ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœืกื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืืกื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืื™ื ืŸ ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ืื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืงื‘ืข, ืืœื ื”ืจื™ ืืœื• ืžืกืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื–ื” ื•ืฉื•ื“. ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ืขืžื™ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื ืืžื ื•ืชื ืœืจื•ืžื™ ื‘ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืคืจืกื™ืช.
ื”ืชื“ืจื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืžื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉืคืœ, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื•ืœื™ืจื™ื ื•ืก ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืžืœืš ืคืจืก, ื‘ืฉื ืช 260.ื˜ืœื˜ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืžื™ ืžื—ื“, ื•ืื™ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืก ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•, ืžืื™ื“ืš, ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื—ืœืœ ืจื™ืง, ื•ื”ืชื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื• ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฆืคื™ื” ืœืจื’ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื—. ื•ืืžื ื, ืžืฆืื ื• ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืœืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”:

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉื ื” ืฉืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื ื’ืœื” ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืžืœื›ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชื’ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ืžืœืš ืคืจืก ืžืชื’ืจื” ื‘ืžืœืš ืขืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืžืœืš ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื•ื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆื” ืžื”ื ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืžืœืš ืคืจืก ื•ืžื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชืจืขืฉื™ื ื•ืžืชื‘ื”ืœื™ื ื•ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืื—ื•ื– ืื•ืชื ืฆื™ืจื™ื ื›ืฆื™ืจื™ ื™ื•ืœื“ื”, ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืจืขืฉื™ื ื•ืžืชื‘ื”ืœื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืœืš ื•ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ื‘ื•ื, ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ ืืœ ืชืชื™ื™ืจืื• ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ืืชื ืžืชื™ื™ืจืื™ื ืืœ ืชื™ืจืื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื, ื•ืœื ื›ื’ืื•ืœื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื’ืื•ืœื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื’ืื•ืœื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืฆืขืจ ื•ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื’ืื•ืœื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืฆืขืจ ื•ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื”19.

ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง, ื—ื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ, ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืฃ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืขืจื‘, ื•ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื• ืจ' ื—ืžื ื‘ืจ ื—ื ื™ื ื, ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉื• ืฉืœ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ:

ื•ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง: ืžืื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืง"ืž, ื˜') 'ืืœ ืชืชืŸ ื”' ืžืื•ื™ื™ ืจืฉืข ื–ืžืžื• ืืœ ืชืคืง ื™ืจื•ืžื• ืกืœื”'. ืืžืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื: ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ืืœ ืชืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื• ื”ืจืฉืข ืชืื•ืช ืœื‘ื•. ื–ืžืžื• ืืœ ืชืคืง โ€“ ื–ื• ื’ืจืžืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืื“ื•ื, ืฉืืœืžืœื™ ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•. ื•ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ืžื ื‘ืจ ื—ื ื™ื ื: ืชืœืช ืžืื” ืงื˜ื™ืจื™ ืชื’ื ืื™ื›ื ื‘ื’ืจืžืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืื“ื•ื, ื•ืชืœืช ืžืื” ื•ืฉื™ืชื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืžืฉื” ืžืจื–ื‘ื ื™ ืื™ื›ื ื‘ืจื•ืžื™. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืžื ื ืคืงื™ ื”ื ื™ ืœืืคื™ ื”ื ื™ ื•ืžืงื˜ื™ืœ ื—ื“ ืžื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื•, ื•ืžื™ื˜ืจื“ื™ ืœืื•ืงืžื™ ืžืœื›ื20.

ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื›ืžื•ื ืขืช ืืช ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ืžื™ โ€“ ืื“ื•ื, ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื:

ืคืชื— ืื—ืจ 'ืืœ ืชืชืŸ ื”' ืžืื•ื™ื™ ืจืฉืข' (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืง"ืž, ื˜') ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื ืืœ ืชืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื• ื”ืจืฉืข ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื• ืฉื—ื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื™ืขืงื‘, ืžื”ื• 'ื–ืžืžื• ืืœ ืชืคืง' ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืขืฉื” ืœื• ื–ืžื ืœืขืฉื• ื”ืจืฉืข ืฉืœื ืชื”ื ืœื• ื ื—ืช ืจื•ื— ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ืžื” ื–ืžื ืขืฉื” ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืขืฉื•, ืืžืจ ืจ' ื—ืžื ื‘ืจ' ื—ื ื™ื ื” ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจื‘ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื’ืจืžืžื™ื” ืฉืื“ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืžืชื™ื™ืจืื™ืŸ ืžื”ืŸ21.

ืืœื ืฉืืช ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืจื™ืง ืฉืžื•ืชื™ืจื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืจื•ืžื™, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉืคืœ ืฉืœื”, ืœื ืชื•ืคืก ื”ืžืฉื™ื—, ื›ื™ ืื ืชื“ืžื•ืจ.

ืžืžืœื›ืช ืชื“ืžื•ืจ
ืชื“ืžื•ืจ, ืคืœืžื™ืจื” โ€“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ืช, ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื”, 145 ืง"ืž ืžืžื–ืจื— ืœื—ืžืฅ, ื•-240 ืง"ืž ืžืžืขืจื‘ ืœืคืจืช. ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื ื”ื ืชื” ืžืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืชื—ืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ืžื™, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ืื—ืช ืžื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ (ื”ืกื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืกื™ืŸ ื•ืขืจื‘), ื•ืชื™ื•ื•ื›ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืžื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจืก, ืขืจื‘ ื•ื”ื•ื“ื•22. ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื”ืชื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฆื‘ืื™ืช, ื•ืกื™ืคืงื” ืœืจื•ืžื™ ื’ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืงืฉืชื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื™ื, ืฉืคืขืœื• ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ื“ ื ื”ืจ ืคืจืช, ืืœื ืืฃ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื™ (ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื’ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืงืฉืชื™ื ืžืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™).
ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืืจืžื™ื, ืขืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”. ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื–ื• ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื”: ืืจืžื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ื•ื•ื ื™, ื•ื‘ื“ืชื”: ืืœื™ื ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื, ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื, ืื›ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืกื•ืจื™ื™ื. ืืœื™ื ืืœื• ื–ื•ื”ื•, ื›ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”, ืขื ืืœื™ื ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื™ื.

ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช
ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืžืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื: ื‘ื•ืœืขืกืชืจ, ืฉื–ื•ื”ื” ื›ืืœ ื”ืืจืžื™: ื‘ืขืœ-ืขืฉืชืจ, ื•ืฉื“ื™ื, ืฉื ืฉื”ื•ืคืขืชื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื—ื™ื“ื”.
ื—ื™ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงื“ืฉื• ืœืืœ ืžื•ื ื•ืชื™ืื™ืกื˜ื™ ืขืœื•ื ืฉื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: "ืœื‘ืจื™ืš ืฉืžื” ืžืจื ื›ืœ ื˜ื‘ื ื•ืจื—ืžื ื". ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืคืชืจื•ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ื ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืขืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื–"ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ, ืฉืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืคืกื•ืœื™ื. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืืžืจ ื ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื–ื•.
ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืขืจื™ื ื ื—ืฉืคื• ืื•ืœืžื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ, ื‘ื”ื ื ืงื‘ืจื• ื›- 200 ืื™ืฉ. ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื ื–ื™ืจ ืคืจืง ื•' ืžืฉื ื” ื™"ื, ื ื–ื›ืจืช: ืžืจื™ื ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ืช.

ืขืœื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ
ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื›ื™ื”, ื“ื•ืจืš ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ. ืื•ื“ื™ื ืช, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“: "ื‘ืจ ื ืฆืจ"23, ืขืœ ืฉื ืื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืžืชืžื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืœื™ืจื™ื ื•ืก ื›ืžื•ืฉืœ ืกื•ืจื™ื”, ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื: 260-267. ืื•ื“ื™ื ืช ืžื ื—ื™ืœ ืžืคืœื•ืช ืœืคืจืกื™ื, ื•ืžืฉื—ืจืจ ืžื™ื“ื ืืช ืกื•ืจื™ื”, ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ ืืช ืžืกื•ืคื•ื˜ืžื™ื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆืจ ืขืœ ืงื˜ื™ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืจืช ืคืจืก. ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืชื•ืืจื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืจื•ืžื™ื™ื ืจืžื™ ืžืขืœื”, ื•ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ื”: "ืžืœืš ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชืงื ื™ื ื ื“ื™ ืžื“ื ื—ื ื›ืœื”" (ืžืœืš ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชืงืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื–ืจื—). ืื•ื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืœื›ื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ, ืืš ื‘ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื• ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืžื–ืจื— ืื™ื ื ื• ืคื•ืขืœ ื ื’ื“ ืจื•ืžื™, ืืœื ื›ืžืžื•ื ื” ืžื˜ืขืžื”. ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืคืงื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœืื•ื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื” ื“ื• ืขืจื›ื™: ื”ื™ื• ืฉืจืื• ื‘ื• ืžื•ืฉื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฉืจืื• ื‘ื• ื‘ืจื‘ืจื™. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืื” ื‘ื• ืกืคืง ืžืœืš ืกืคืง ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื. ืžืฆื“ ืขืžื™ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ, ืฉื”ืชื ื’ื“ื• ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืžื™, ื”ื™ื• ืฉื”ืชืื›ื–ื‘ื• ืžื›ืคื™ืคื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื•ื“ื™ื ืช ืœืจื•ืžื™. ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื, ืืคื•ื, ืฉืื•ื“ื™ื ืช ื•ื‘ื ื• ืžืืฉืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื ืจืฆื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 267. ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ืื ื”ืจืฆื— ื‘ื•ืฆืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืจื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉื—ืฉื“ื• ื‘ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื™ืชืจ, ืื• ืฉืืฉืชื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื”, ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœืจืฆื™ื—ืชื•, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืื›ื–ื‘ื” ืžื›ื ื™ืขืชื• ืœืจื•ืžื™.
ืืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืื•ื“ื™ื ืช ื™ื•ืจืฉ ื•ื”ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื ื•, ื•ืืžื• ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื”, ืฉืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœื• ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื™ืช, ื•ืžื•ืœื›ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื” ื ื•ืงื˜ืช ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืœืจื•ืžื™, ืฉืืคื™ื™ื ื” ืืช ื‘ืขืœื”, ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืœื”ืชื ืชืงื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžืžืœื›ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช. ื”ื™ื ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื” ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืกื•ืจื™ื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 269 ื›ื ืจืื”, ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ื‘ืฉืช ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืืช ืืกื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช. ื”ืชื’ืจื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืžื™ ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ืชื•ืืจ: "ืžืœืš ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชืงื ื ื“ืžื“ื™ื ื—ื ื›ืœื”", ืฉื™ื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื ื” ืžืื‘ื™ื•, ื‘ืชื•ืืจ: "ืงื™ืกืจ".
ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืžืชื ืชืงืช ืžืจื•ืžื™ ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™. ื”ื™ื ืžืงืจื‘ืช ืืœื™ื” "ื—ื•ื’ ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื" ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืงืกื™ื•ืก ืœื•ื ื’ื™ื ื•ืก, ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื“ื•ืจื• ื›ืื—ื“ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื›ื•ื ื”: "ืกืคืจื™ื” ืžื”ืœื›ืช". ืœื•ื ื’ื™ื ื•ืก ืžื™ื™ืขืฅ ืœื” ืœืฆืืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืจื•ืžื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืœื”ื•ืจื’ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืจืœื™ื ื•ืก ืงื™ืกืจ ืจื•ืžื™, ืœืื—ืจ ืชื‘ื•ืกืช ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืชื“ืžื•ืจื™.
ืื“ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื ืžื ื” ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื—ืฆืจื” ืฉืœ ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืคืื•ืœื•ืก ืžืกืžื•ืกื˜ื”, ื”ื’ืžื•ืŸ ืื ื˜ื™ื•ื›ื™ื”. ืคืื•ืœื•ืก ื“ื’ืœ ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื•ื ื•ืชืื™ื–ื ืฆืจื•ืฃ. ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืฉืืœื”ื™ื "ืืžืฆื•" ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ืžื›ื•ื—ื•, ื•ืœื ื‘ืŸ ืืœื”ื™ื. ื‘ืฉืœ ื“ืขื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ื•ื—ืจื ืคืื•ืœื•ืก ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื”.
ื‘ืฉื ืช 271 ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืขื ืจื•ืžื™, ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื” ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืฉืœื”. ืื•ืœืจื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื™ืฆื ื ื’ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 272, ื›ื‘ืฉ ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืืช ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ื‘ื™ืก ืืช ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืœื™ื“ ื—ืžืฅ, ืฉื‘ื” ืื•ืชื” ื•ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื‘ืจื•ืžื™ ื›ื‘ื•ืœื” ื‘ื›ื‘ืœื™ ื–ื”ื‘. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืชื” ื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื›ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช.
ื™ืžื™ ืขืฆืžืื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ืืจื›ื• 12 ืฉื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืœื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื” ื™ื™ื—ืœ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ. ื”ืื ื˜ื™ื ืชื• ืœืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืื•ื“ื™ื ืช (260-267) ืื• ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื” (267-272 )?24

ืื•ื“ื™ื ืช ืื• ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื”?

ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ืืจื• ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ ื›ืœืคื™ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ, ื›ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืื•ื“ื™ื ืช, ืฉื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื• ื‘ืคืจืกื™ื ื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื ื”ืจื“ืขื, ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืคื’ืขื•. ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื‘ืจ ื ืฆืจ, ื”ื•ื ืื•ื“ื™ื ืช25, ืกืคืง ืžืœืš ืกืคืง ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื. ืืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื:

'ื”ืฆื™ืœื ื™ ื ื ืžื™ื“ ืื—ื™ ืžื™ื“ ืขืฉื•' โ€“ ืžื™ื“ ืื—ื™ ืฉื‘ื ืืœื™ ืžื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœืขืฉื•.
ื”ื”"ื“: 'ืžืกืชื›ืœ ื”ื•ื™ืช ื‘ืงืจื ื™ื™ื ื•ืืจื• ืงืจืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ื–ืขื™ืจื ืกืœืงืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ืŸ' (ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื–', ื—') โ€“ ื–ื” ื‘ืŸ ื ืฆืจ.
'ื•ืชืœืช ืžืŸ ืงืจื ื™ื™ื ืงื“ืžื™ื™ืชื ืื™ืชืขืงืจื” ืžืŸ ืงื“ืžื”' โ€“ ื–ื” ืžืงืจื•ืก ื•ืงืจื•ืก ื•ืงืจื™ื“ื•ืก.
'ื•ืืจื• ืขื™ื ื™ืŸ ื›ืขื™ื ื™ ืื ืฉื ื‘ืงืจื ื ื“ื ื•ืคื•ื ืžืžืœืœ ืจื‘ืจื‘ืŸ' โ€“ ื–ื• ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืขื” ืฉืžื›ืชื‘ืช ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ืžื›ืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘: 'ืขืœ ืงืจื ื™ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืžื ื” ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ืขืฉืจื” ืžืœื›ื™ืŸ ื™ืงื•ืžื•ืŸ ืžืŸ ืืจืขื' โ€“ ื›ื•ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื™ืจื™ื›ื• ืฉืœืขืฉื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื“ื‘ืจ!
ืืœื: 'ืžืกืชื›ืœ ื”ื•ื™ืช ื‘ืงืจื ื™ื™ื ื•ืืจื• ืงืจืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ื–ืขื™ืจื ืกืœืงืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ืŸ' โ€“ ื–ื• ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืขื”.
'ื•ืชืœืช ืžืŸ ืงืจื ื™ื™ื ืงื“ืžื™ื™ืชื ืื™ืชืขืงืจื ืžืŸ ืงื“ืžื”' โ€“ ืื™ืœื• ื’' ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
'ื•ืืจื• ืขื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื›ืขื™ื ื™ ืื ืฉื ื‘ืงืจื ื ื“ื' โ€“ ื–ื• ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืขื” ืฉืžื›ื ืกืช ืขื™ืŸ ืจืขื” ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื• ืฉืœืื“ื: ืคืœืŸ ืขืชื™ืจ โ€“ ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื” ืืจื›ื•ื ื˜ืก; ืคืœืŸ ืขืชื™ืจ โ€“ ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื” ื‘ื•ืœื™ื•ื˜ื™ืก26.

ืžืื™ื“ืš, ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ื—ืกื” ืฉืœ ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืคื™ืจ. ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื™ืฉื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื”, ืžืงื•ืจื‘ืช ืœื ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื” ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืืœื™ืœื™ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืกื•ืจืช ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ืฉื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื”! ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืคืจืง ื—' ื”"ื“27 ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื™ื—ืกื” ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื— ืžื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื“ื™ื ืช.
ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื ืœื›ื“ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืจ' ืื™ืžื™, ื•ืจ' ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื”ืชื™ื™ืืฉ ืžืœืจืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืœืงื™ืฉ ื—ืจืฃ ื ืคืฉื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืœื•, ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื—, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจ' ืื™ืžื™ ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื”ื ื ืื•ืชื™ื, ื•ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืžืคื™ื• ืœ"ื‘ืจื›ื”" ืฉืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืจ' ืื™ืžื™, ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื. ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืžืชื• ื›ื•ืœื.
ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™, ื ืœื›ื“ ื–ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื ื ื, ื•ื”ืคืขื, ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืจ' ืื™ืžื™ (ืื™ืŸ ื—ื›ื ื›ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸโ€ฆ) ื•ืจ' ืฉืžื•ืืœ, ืœืคื™ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืžืœื›ื” ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื”. ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื‘ืคืขื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš, ื•ืืฆืœ ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืืคืฉืจ. ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืคื•ื˜ืจืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื•ืžืจื”: ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื•ืจืื›ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื›ื ื ืกื™ื! ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืžื” ืืชื ื‘ืื™ื ืืœื™, ืชืกืชื“ืจื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช. ื•ืื– ื‘ื ืกื™ืจืงื™ื™ (ืกื™ืงืจื™ืงื•ืŸ?) ืขื ื—ืจื‘, ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื—ืจื‘ ื–ื• ื”ืจื’ ื‘ืจ ื ืฆืจ ืืช ืื—ื™ื•. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจืฆื— ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื”, ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืจืฆื— ืื•ื“ื™ื ืช. ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืžืžื”ืจืช ืœื‘ืกืก ืืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื”, ื•ืขื•ื–ื‘ืช ืืช ื–ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืจ ื—ื ื™ื ื.
ืคื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืขื“ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช, ืฉืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ, ื•ืื ื›ืš, ื”ืžื™ืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ืžืžืœื›ื” ื–ื•, ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื’ื•ืจื ืžืžืฉื™, ืฉืคืขืœ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืชื•. ืœืขื ื™ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื™, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื”, ื“ื•ื•ืงื. ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื–ื• ื ืจืื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ.

ืชื“ืžื•ืจ โ€“ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช

ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืกืง ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื“ืžื•ืจ28, ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžืคืชื™ืข, ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืชื“ืžื•ืจ.

ืฉืœืžื” ืืžืจ (ืงื”ืœืช ื“', ื'): "ื•ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืืจืื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฉื•ืงื™ื ืืฉืจ ื ืขืฉื• ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ืžืขืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืงื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื ื—ื ื•ืžื™ื“ ืขื•ืฉืงื™ื”ื ื›ื— ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื ื—ื". ืžืงืจื ื–ื” ืจืžื–ื ื• ื‘ื•, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžื“ื ื•. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ: "ื•ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืื ื™", ื•ื›ื™ ืžืื™ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ื—ื–ืจ ืฉืœืžื”? ื•ืื ืชืืžืจ, ืื—ืจ ืฉืืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื—ื–ืจ ื›ืžืงื•ื“ื ื•ืืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, ื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื! ืื‘ืœ (ื ืืžืจ): "ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื•ืืจืื”". ืฉื ืœืžื“ื ื•, ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœืžื” ืžืฉื›ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืคื ื™ื• ืœืฆื“ ืžื–ืจื—, ื•ืจืื” ืžื” ืฉืจืื”. ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืจ ืœืฆื“ ื“ืจื•ื, ื•ืจืื” ืžื” ืฉืจืื”. ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืจ ืœืฆื“ ืฆืคื•ืŸ, ื•ืขืžื“ ืฉื. ื”ืฉืคื™ืœ ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื•ื–ืงืฃ ืืช ืจืืฉื•. ื‘ืฉืขื” ื”ื”ื•ื, ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืืฉ ื•ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืขื ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืขื ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื ืฉืจ ืื—ื“. ื•ื ืฉืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื—ื–ืง. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื: ื›ื ืฃ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืืฉ, ื•ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื›ื ืฃ ื”ืฉืžืืœ ืขืœ ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืขื ืŸ. ื•ื ืฉืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื•. ื‘ื ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืขื ืŸ ื•ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืืฉ ื•ื ืฉืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš. ื‘ื ื”ื ืฉืจ ื•ื”ืจื›ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ืขืœื™ื ื”ืืœื•. ืœืงื—ื ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื™ื— ื‘ื”ื, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื”ื ืกื™ืžืŸ, ื•ืืžืจ: ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ "ื ื•ืคืœ", ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ "ื’ืœื•ื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื", ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ ืขืœื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ื, ื ื•ืคืœ ื•ื’ืœื•ื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื, ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
ืžื” ืขืฉื”? ื—ืชื ืืช ื”ื›ืกื ืฉืœื• ื‘ื—ื•ืชื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ืงื•ืง ื‘ื• ื”ืฉื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ. ื•ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ืงื•ืง ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืขืœื” ืœืขืœื™ื”, ื•ืจื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ืฉืจ ื•ื”ืœืš ืœื•. ื•ื ืฉืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืขืœื” ืœืจื•ื ืขื ื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืฉืš ื”ืื•ืจ. ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื—ืฉืš ื”ืื•ืจ, ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื: "ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ". ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืื™ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš. ื”ื›ืกื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื: "ืขื ื ื™ื ื”ื ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžื—ืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื".
ื”ื ืฉืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืขื•ืฃ ืขืžื•, ื•ืคืจื— ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืคืจืกืื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืจื™ ื—ื•ืฉืš. ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืชืจืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื™ื. ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืจื“ ืฉื. ื ืฉื ืืช ืจืืฉื•, ื•ืจืื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš. ื•ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืฉื ื™ื›ื ืก. ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉืจ ื›ืžืงื•ื“ื, ื•ืคืจื— ื•ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืจื™ื ืขื“ ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ืฉืฉื ื”ื–ื™ืช. ืงืจื ื‘ื›ื— ื•ืืžืจ: "ื”' ืจืžื” ื™ื“ืš ื‘ืœ ื™ื—ื–ื™ื•ืŸ". ื ื›ื ืก ืฉื ืขื“ ืฉืงืจื‘ ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื (ืฉืฉื ื”ื–ื™ืช), ืฉื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช, ื•ืงืจื‘, ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื” ืžืืœื• ื”ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืจืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืžืจื• ืœื• ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื”, ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ืฉืจ ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืžืงื•ืžื•. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืกืื•, ื ืชื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื“ืขืชื•, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ืงืจื”. ื‘ืฉืขื” ื”ื”ื™ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืืจืื”", ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ืจืš, ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืžืื•ืชื” ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ื ืชื™ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื™ ื•ื‘ื“ืขืชื™. ื•ืื–: "ื•ืืจืื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฉื•ืงื™ื"29.

ื”ืจืงืข ืœืžืืžืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง: "ื•ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืืจืื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฉื•ืงื™ืโ€ฆ ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ืžืขืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืงื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื ื—ืโ€ฆ" (ืงื”ืœืช ื“', ื'). ื—ื–"ืœ ื“ืจืฉื• ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืžื–ืจื™ื30, ื•ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืขืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืžืชื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื. ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ืคื ื—ืก31:

ืืžืจ ืจ' ื—ื™ื™ื, ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื•ื ืคืœื™ืื”! ืฉืฉื ื™ื ื•, ื ืฉืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ืœืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืคื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ื›ื• ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืคืจืกืื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช. ืื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื•? ื”ื•ื, ืœืชืจืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ืืฆืœ ื”ืจื™ ื—ื•ืฉืš, ืฉื ืงืจื: "ืชืจืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ". ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™ื, ืืœื ืชืจืžื•ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื™ื, ืฉืฉื ืžืชืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช (ื•ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช) ื“ืกื˜ืจื ืื—ืจื. ื•ื ืฉืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืขืฃ ืฉืžื” ื‘ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช.
ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืฉืจ ืขืžื“ ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื ืฉืจ, ื•ืฉืœืžื” ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ื›ื• ืฉืžื”, ื•ื ื™ืฆืœ ืžืืœื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช. ื•ื”ื ืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื, ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืขื•ื–ื ื•ืขื–ืืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืขื™ื ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื”ื•ืžื•ืช. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœื›ื ืก ืฉืžื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ืฃ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื‘ืœืขื.
ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื”ืฉืคื™ืœ ืœืžื˜ื”, ื•ืœืงื— ืืช ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ืชื—ืช ื›ื ืคื• ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช ื•ื›ื™ืกื” ืื•ืชื•. ืขืžื“ ืขืœ ืืœื• ื”ื›ื‘ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ืœืš ื•ืงืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื. ืื– ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืœืžื” ื˜ื‘ืขืช, ืฉื—ืงืง ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ืฉื ื‘ืคื™ ื”ื ืฉืจ. ื•ืžื™ื“ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื” ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš. ื•ืžืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ื—ื›ืžื”. ื–ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื•ื™ื‘ืŸโ€ฆ ืืช ืชืจืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ" โ€“ ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืืจืฅ? ืืœื ืžื”ื•: "ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ"? ืฉื ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ื™ื“ืข ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื (ืชืจืžื•ื“), ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ื• ื—ื›ืžื”.

ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื–ื”: ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืืฆืœ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš, ืฉื ืงืจื: "ืชืจืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื™ื", ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™ื, ืืœื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื™ื, ื•ืœืฉื ื ืืกืคื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื˜ืจื ืื—ืจื. ืฉืœืžื” ื ื™ืฆืœ ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืคืชืง, ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ื›ื• ืฉื. ื”ื ืฉืจ ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ืฉืš, ื•ืจืื” ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• "ืขื–ื ื•ืขื–ืืœ" (ืžืœืื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืœื” ืฉื™ืจื“ื• ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ื™ืจืื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื"32) ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืœืฉืœืื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื”ื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืฉืžื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ืฃ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื‘ืœืขื. ื”ื ืฉืจ ืžื—ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืฉืœืžื” ืชื—ืช ื›ื ืคื™ื• ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืฉื, ื•ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืฉืœืžื” ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช, ื•ืžืฉื ืœืžื“ ื—ื›ืžื”. ื–ื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื•ื™ื‘ืŸโ€ฆ ืืช ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ" โ€“ "ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ", ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ: ื‘ื™ื ื”!
ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื”ื“ืจืฉื” ืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš! ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ, ืฉืœื ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื, ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืขื–ื ื•ืขื–ืืœ ื•ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื—ื•ื›ืžื•ืช ื ื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ืช. ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื˜ื•ืจื— ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืžืฉื™: ื”ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ื ืŸ, "ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ" โ€“ ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ: "ื‘ื™ื ื”", ื•ืœื–ื” ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื”ืขืจื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™ื. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื”ืœื‘ืฉืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ, ื•ื“ืื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืจื™ืืœื™.
ืžืคืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืจืžื–ื™ื ื”ืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืืžืจ ืฉื, ืœื—ื’ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื”: ื—ื•ืฉืš, ื–ื™ืช, ื—ื•ื›ืžื•ืช ื ื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช, ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื•.
ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื’ืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื•. ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืจื•ืžื™ ืชืฉ, ื ื•ืฆืจ ื—ืœืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™, ื•ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ืฆืคื™ื” ืœืจื’ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื—. ืœืคืชืข, ื“ื•ืจืš ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ, ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกืช ื•ืชื•ืคืกืช ืžืงื•ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื—ืœืœ. ืื™ืœื• ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืœื™ื ืกืชื, ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ืจืฉื ื•. ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื”, ื”ืื ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืื• ืœื; ื”ืื ืืžื•ื ืชื ืืœื™ืœื™ืช, ืื• ืฉืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉื ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืืœ ืื—ื“! ื•ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ, ืื•ืชื” ืžืœื›ื”, ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื”, ืฉืžืงืจื‘ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืื•ืœื™ ืœื” ืขืฆืžื” ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ื“ืช ืœื ืฆืจื•ืช ืœืœื ื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ! ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ, ื•ื—ืฉ ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื–ื• ืื•ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคืกืœื•ืช. ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืžืื”. ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืคืฉืจ ื”ืจืžื–ื™ื ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืขืœ ืขื–ื ื•ืขื–ืืœ, ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืœื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ืจื‘ื• ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ืฉื—ืชื” ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืœืขื, ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื, ื ื‘ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื, ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืืฆืœื• ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืื”. ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘, ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
ื›ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื•ืŸ. ื ืื•ืจื•ืช, ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ืจื‘ื” ืฉืžืขื™ื“ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื–ื• ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ืžื—ืฉื™ื›ื” ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื’ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ืคืฉื˜ื• ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืช ื’ื–ื™ืจืช: "ืชื™ื‘ืขืœ ืœื”ื’ืžื•ืŸ ืชื—ื™ืœื”", ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื•ืŸ33.
ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืฉืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ื ื•ื‘ืข ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื•ื•ื ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ืขื ืขึทื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืขื•ืœื ืขื ืขืœื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื, ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืฆืคื” ืœืจื’ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื—, ืžื™ื™ื—ืœ ืœื›ืœื™ื™ืช ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืง, ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืžืฆืคื” ืœื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ. ื•ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื•ื“ื—ื™ืงืช ืจื’ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื™ื’ื™ืข, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืคืชื—ื™ ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ื”ื—ืฉื›ื” ื•ื—ืฉื™ื ืื– ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื›ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจืช. ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชืื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง, ืžื•ืจื” ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ืžืฉืชืฉืงืข ื”ื—ืžื” ื•ืขื“ ื“ื›ืœื™ื ืจื™ื’ืœื ื“ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™.
ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 279, ื•ืื ื›ืš, ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ื–ื›ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ, ืฉืืจืข ื‘ืฉื ืช 272. ืžืื™ื“ืš, ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื, ื ื—ืจื‘ืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ืจ, ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื›ืขื™ืจ, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืื•ื—ืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื•ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช

ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื™ ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ืงื™ืกืจื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืจื›ื– ื ื•ืฆืจื™, ื•ื—ืœืง ืžืžืืžืจื™ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืคื•ืœืžื•ืก ืขื ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ื•ื”ืชืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™. ืœืขื™ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ืช ืื ืจื›ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืจื•ืžื™. ืจื•ืžื™ ื ื—ืœืฆืช ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ, ื‘ืฉื ืช 285, ืขื ืขืœื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืงืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืก ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ. ืงื™ืกืจ ื–ื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ืœืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช, ืงื•ื‘ืข ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืงื™ืกืจื™ื, ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืžืขืจื‘, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉืœื™ื˜ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืžืชืคื˜ืจ ืžืงื™ืกืจื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 305, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ื™ื—ืกื• ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื”, ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื’ื ืขืœื™ื•.
ืื—ืจื™ ื“ื™ื•ืงืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืก, ืžื•ืœืš ืงื•ื ืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืก, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืœื“ืชื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ืžื™. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืื ื›ืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื›ื™ื”, ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืžื™ ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ืช, ืœืจื•ืžื™ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช.
ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ืื™ื ื ื‘ืื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ. ืœืขืชื™ื, ื–ืจืžื™ื ืชืช-ืงืจืงืขื™ื™ื, ืžื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™. ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ, ื‘ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื“ืชื ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืชืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœื“ืช ืฉืœื˜ืช, ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืžืœื›ื” ื”ืชื“ืžื•ืจื™ืช, ื•ื”ืฉืชืชืชื” ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื™ื ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช, ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืœื™ื ืžืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื’ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉ, ื”ื™ื” ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืžืžื–ืจ, ื•ื™ืกื“ ื“ืช ืฉื˜ืขื ื” ืœื”ื—ืœืคืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืœืชื“ืžื•ืจ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช34. ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื ืขืœ ื’ื•ื™ ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœื”ื›ืขื™ืก ืืช ื”ืœืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื—ืช ืžืฉืืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืžื˜ืจื” ื–ื•, ื”ื™ืชื”: "ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ืขื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืชืจื•ื˜ื•ืช". (ืจืฉ"ื™: ืชืจื•ื˜ื•ืช โ€“ ืจื›ื•ืช). ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœืœ: "ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื“ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืœื•ืช". ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื, ืฉื”ืœืœ, ืžืชื•ืš ืขื ื•ื•ืชื ื•ืชื•, ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื•ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช. ื•ื›ืš ืคื™ืจืฉ ืืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื•ื™:

ื•ืืžืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ืขื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•', ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืœืœ ืฉื ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจืขื” ื”ื‘' ื“ืขื™ืŸ ืจืขื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ืคืจืง ื—ืœืง: 'ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืœื ื ืชื’ืื• ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ืขื™ืŸ', ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ"ื™: 'ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื’ื‘ื™ื”ื™ืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืžื ืืคื™ื ืื—ืจ ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื' ืขื›"ืœ. ื•ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ื–ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืขื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื’ื‘ื™: 'ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืœืš ืื—ืจ ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืœืคื™ื›ืšโ€ฆ' ื•ื–ื” ืฉืืžืจ ื“ื‘ืชืจืžื•ื“ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืจืขื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื•, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื˜ืจื•ื˜ื•ืช, ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื”ื ืจืขื™ื, ื›ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™. ืื™ ื ืžื™ ื›ื“ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื: ื˜ืจื•ื˜ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืขื’ื•ืœื•ืช, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ืคืจืง ื—ืœืง: 'ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ืขื™ืŸโ€ฆ'. ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื•: 'ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืœื•ืช', ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืง ืงืžื ื“ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช: 'ืคืกื•ืœื™ ื“ืชืจืžื•ื“ ืžืฉื•ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืฉืœืžื”'. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื•: 'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืœื•ืช', ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ: ื—ื•ืœ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื’ื“ืจ ืขืจื•ื•ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ืกื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื‘ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉืžื˜ื• ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื ื–ื•ืจื”, ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ื‘ื:

ื•ืœื ื›ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืคืจื—ื™ื” ืฉื“ื—ืคื• ืœื™ืฉ"ื• ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื™ื“ื™ืโ€ฆ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืคืจื—ื™ื” ืžืื™ ื”ื•ื? ื›ื“ืงื˜ืœื™ื ื”ื• ื™ื ืื™ ืžืœื›ื ืœืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืื–ืœ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืคืจื—ื™ื” ื•ื™ืฉ"ื• ืœืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœืžื, ืฉืœื— ืœื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื—: ืžื ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืœื™ื›ื™ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืื—ื•ืชื™, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ืš, ื•ืื ื•ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื•ืžืžื”. ืงื, ืืชื, ื•ืื™ืชืจืžื™ ืœื™ื” ื”ื”ื•ื ืื•ืฉืคื™ื–ื. ืขื‘ื“ื• ืœื™ื” ื™ืงืจื ื˜ื•ื‘ื. ืืžืจ: 'ื›ืžื” ื™ืคื” ืื›ืกื ื™ื ื–ื•!' ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: 'ืจื‘ื™, ืขื™ื ื™ื” ื˜ืจื•ื˜ื•ืช!' ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: 'ืจืฉืข! ื‘ื›ืš ืืชื” ืขื•ืกืง?!' ืืคื™ืง ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื” ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื•ืฉืžืชื™ื”. ืืชื ืœืงืžื™ื” ื›ืžื” ื–ืžื ื™ืŸ, ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืงื ืžืฉื’ื— ื‘ื™ื”. ื™ื•ืžื ื—ื“, ื”ื•ื™ ืงื ืงืจื™ ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข. ืืชื ืœืงืžื™ื”, ืกื‘ืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืœื™. ืื—ื•ื™ ืœื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”. ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ืจ, ืžื™ื“ื—ื ื“ื—ื™ ืœื™ื”. ืื–ืœ, ื–ืงืฃ ืœื‘ื™ื ืชื ื•ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื” ืœื”. ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: 'ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืš!' ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: 'ื›ืš ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื ื™ ืžืžืš, ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ื•ืžื—ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”'. ื•ืืžืจ ืžืจ: ื™ืฉ"ื• ื›ื™ืฉืฃ ื•ื”ืกื™ืช ื•ื”ื“ื™ื— ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ35.
ืชืจื’ื•ื: ื•ืœื ื›ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืคืจื—ื™ื” ืฉื“ื—ืคื• ืœื™ืฉ"ื• ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื™ื“ื™ืโ€ฆ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืคืจื—ื™ื” ืžื” ื”ื•ื? ื›ืฉื”ืจื’ ื™ื ืื™ ื”ืžืœืš ืืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื”ืœืš ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืคืจื—ื™ื” ื•ื™ืฉ"ื• ืœืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื, ืฉืœื— ืœื• ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื—: ืžืžื ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืืœื™ืš ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืื—ื•ืชื™, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ืš, ื•ืื ื•ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื•ืžืžื”. ืงื, ื”ืœืš, ื•ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื” ืœื• ืื•ืชื” ืื›ืกื ื™ื. ืขืฉื• ืœื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืืžืจ: 'ื›ืžื” ื™ืคื” ืื›ืกื ื™ื ื–ื•!' ืืžืจ ืœื•: 'ืจื‘ื™, ืขื™ื ื™ื” ื˜ืจื•ื˜ื•ืช!' ืืžืจ ืœื•: 'ืจืฉืข! ื‘ื›ืš ืืชื” ืขื•ืกืง?!' ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืช ื•ื ื™ื“ื”ื•. ื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื‘ื•. ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข. ื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ื•, ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœื•. ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื• ื‘ื™ื“ื•. ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘, ืฉืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืคืจื—ื™ื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ืื•ืชื•! ื”ืœืš, ื–ืงืฃ ืœื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื” ืœื”. ืืžืจ ืœื•: 'ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืš!' ืืžืจ ืœื•: 'ื›ืš ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื ื™ ืžืžืš, ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ื•ืžื—ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”'. ื•ืืžืจ ืžืจ: ื™ืฉ"ื• ื›ื™ืฉืฃ ื•ื”ืกื™ืช ื•ื”ื“ื™ื— ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื”, ืฉื”ืชื“ืจื“ืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื—ืœื” ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืขืจื™ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืœ, ื‘ืžื•ืžื• ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืกืœ, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืขื™ื ื™ื” ื”ื˜ืจื•ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืื›ืกื ื™ื, ืฉื™ืงืฃ ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื–ื”ื• ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™ื!

ืกื™ื›ื•ื

ื—ื’ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืœื–ื›ืจ ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื. ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉื—ื’ ื–ื” ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขื ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืงืคืช ืœื ื• ืžื”ื ืกื›ื ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืจื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื’ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืœื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื• ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืคืจื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื36, ืื•ืชืŸ ืื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจืื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ืœื—ื•ื’ ืืช ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืกื›ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ื™ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ื‘ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืชื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”', ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื”.ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืจืื” ืืช ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื—ื›ืžืช ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช, ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืชื•ืงืฃ, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืชื•, ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื: "ืจื™ื’ืœื ื“ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™". ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื”, ืฉืคืฉื˜ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื™ื•ื ืื™ื“ื ื—ืœ ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ื’ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื”37.
ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ื ื” ืืช ืชื“ืžื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืฉื ืžืงื•ืžืŸ, ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืชื• ืืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ืžื˜ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืืš ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ืžื˜ืจืชื•:
ื“"ื ื”ื ื” ืžื˜ืชื• ืฉืœืฉืœืžื”. ื–ื” ืฉืœืžื” ื•ื“ืื™, ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื—ื–ืจื” ื•ื ืชืžืขื˜ื” ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืœื˜ ืืœื ืขืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ, ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืช ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ' (ื“ื”ื™"ื‘ ื—', ื“'), ื—ื–ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื—ื–ืจ ืฉืœื ืฉืœื˜ ืืœื ืขืœ ืžื˜ืชื• ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืžื˜ืชื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื•ื— ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช38.
ืคืกื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ, ืžืฉื•ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืฉืœืžื”. ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ืžื‘ื˜ืืช, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ืฉืœื‘ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•. ืื ื• ืžื™ื™ื—ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช, ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช, ื˜ื”ื•ืจื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืกื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ื™ื•ืฃ ืฉื‘ื—ื™ืงื•ื™. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื ืจ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื, ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ืฉืื•ืจ ื•ื—ื•ืฉืš ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื˜ืฉื˜ื•ืฉ, ื•ื ืจ ื–ื” ื™ืชื•ื•ื” ืืช ื“ืจื›ื ื•, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš, ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•39.

ืขื“ ืฉืชื›ืœื” ืจื’ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืงโ€ฆ ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื”? ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจ ื—ื ื” ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ: ืขื“ ื“ื›ืœื™ื ืจื™ื’ืœื ื“ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™ (ืฉื‘ืช ื›"ื ืข"ื‘).
ื ืจ ืœืจื’ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจืš ื•ืื•ืจ ืœื ืชื™ื‘ืชื™ (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื™"ื˜, ืง"ื”).
ื•ืขืžื“ื• ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžืงื“ืโ€ฆ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”' ืœื ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœืขืช ืขืจื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืจ (ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื™"ื“, ื“'-ื–').

ื ืกืคื—ื™ื

ื ืกืคื— 1 โ€“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืค"ื— ื”"ื“ืจื‘ื™ ืื™ืกื™ ืื™ืชืฆื™ื“ ื‘ืกืคืกื•ืคื” ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื™ื›ืจืš ื”ืžืช ื‘ืกื“ื™ื ื• ืืž' ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืขื“ ื“ืื ื ืงื˜ื™ืœ ื•ืื ื

ืžื™ืชืงื˜ื™ืœ ืื ื ืื™ื–ื™ืœ ื•ืžืฉื™ื–ื™ื‘ ืœื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืœื ืื–ืœ ื•ืคื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื”ื‘ื•ื ื™ื” ืœื™ื” ืืžืจ ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืืชื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ ืกื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœื™ ืขืœื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืืชื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœื•ืŸ ืžื” ื“ื”ื•ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื™ืขื‘ื“ ืœื™ื” ื™ืชืขื‘ื™ื“ ืœื•ืŸ ื™ืžื˜ื ืœื”ื”ื•ื ืขืžื ืœื ืžื˜ื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืคืกืจื•ืก ืขื“ ื“ืื–ืœื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื”ื•ืŸ ื–ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื ื ื ืื™ืชืฆื™ื“ ื‘ืกืคืกื•ืคื ืกืœืง ืจื‘ื™ ืื™ืžื™ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืžืคื™ื™ืกื” ืขืœื•ื™ ืืžืจื” ืœื”ื•ืŸ ื–ื ื‘ื™ื” ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื™ืœื™ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ ืœื›ื•ืŸ ื ื™ืกื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™ืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื” ืขืœืœ ื—ื“ ืกืจืงื™ื™ ื˜ืขื™ืŸ ื—ื“ ืกืคืกืจ ืืžืจ ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื“ื ืกืคืกื™ืจื ืงื˜ืœ ื‘ืจ ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœืื—ื•ื™ ื•ืื™ืฉืชื™ื–ื™ื‘ ื–ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื ื ื.

ื ืกืคื— 2 โ€“ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื“ืฃ ืงื™"ื‘ ืข"ื‘

ืฉืœืžื” ืืžืจ (ืงื”ืœืช ื“'): "ื•ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืืจืื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฉื•ืงื™ื ืืฉืจ ื ืขืฉื• ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ืžืขืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืงื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื ื—ื ื•ืžื™ื“ ืขื•ืฉืงื™ื”ื ื›ื— ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื ื—ื". ื”ืื™ ืงืจื ืืจืžื™ื–ื ื ื‘ื™ื” ื•ืืชืžืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืื ื™, ื•ื›ื™ ืžืืŸ ืืชืจ ืชื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืื™ ื ื™ืžื ืœื‘ืชืจ ื“ืืžืจ ืžืœื” ื“ื ืชื‘ ื›ืžืœืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืืžืจ ืžืœื” ืื—ืจื ื™ืื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื•ืืจืื” ืชืžืŸ ืชื ื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืžื ื”ื•ื” ืืงื“ื™ื ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืฆืคืจื ื•ื”ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื™ ืื ืคื•ื™ ืœืกื˜ืจ ืžื–ืจื— ื•ื—ืžื™ ืžื” ื“ื—ืžื™ ื•ืœื‘ืชืจ ืชื‘ ืœืกื˜ืจ ื“ืจื•ื ื•ื—ืžื™ ืžื” ื“ื—ืžื™ ื•ื”ื“ืจ ืชื‘ ืœืกื˜ืจ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ืงืื™ื ืชืžืŸ ืžืื™ืš ืขื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื–ืงื™ืฃ ืจื™ืฉื™ื” ื‘ื”ืื™ ืฉืขืชื ื”ื ืขืžื•ื“ื ื“ืืฉื ื•ืขืžื•ื“ื ื“ืขื ื ื ื”ื•ื• ืืชื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ื ืขืžื•ื“ื ื“ืขื ื ื ื”ื•ื” ืืชื™ ื ืฉืจื ื—ื“ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืจื ื”ื•ื” ืจื‘ืจื‘ื ื•ืชืงื™ืฃ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื” ืืชื™ ื’ื“ืคื ื™ืžื™ื ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืขืžื•ื“ื ื“ืืฉื ื•ื’ื•ืคื ื•ื’ื“ืคื ืฉืžืืœื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืขืžื•ื“ื ื“ืขื ื ื ื•ื”ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืจื ื”ื•ื™ ืžื™ื™ืชื™ ืชืจื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืคื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืžื”ื ืืชื ืขืžื•ื“ื ื“ืขื ื ื ื‘ืชืจื™ ื˜ืจืคื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืžื”ื, ื•ืขืžื•ื“ื ื“ืืฉื ื•ื”ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืจื ืขืœื™ื™ื”ื• ื•ืกื’ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืงืžื™ื” ื“ืฉืœืžื” ืžืœื›ื ืืชื ื ืฉืจื ื•ืžืื™ืš ืœืงืžื™ื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื‘ ืœื™ื” ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืคื™ืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืœ ืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ืžืœื›ื ื•ื”ื•ื” ืžืจื™ื— ื‘ื”ื• ื•ื”ื•ื” ื™ื“ืข ื‘ื”ื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื•ืืžืจ ื“ื ืื™ื”ื• ื“ื ื•ืคืœ ื•ื“ื ืื™ื”ื• ื“ื’ืœื•ื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื, ื‘ืฉืขืชื ื“ืชืจื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืคื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื•, ื”ื•ื” ื™ื“ืข ื“ืชืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื”ื• ื ื•ืคืœ ื•ื’ืœื•ื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืืŸ ืœืื•ื“ืขื ืœื™ื” ืžืœื™ืŸ ืžื” ืขื‘ื™ื“ ื—ืชื™ื ื›ืจืกื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฉืคื ืงื ื“ื”ื•ื” ื—ืงื™ืง ื‘ื™ื” ืฉืžื ืงื“ื™ืฉื ื•ืื™ื”ื• ื ื˜ื™ืœ ืขื–ืงื ื“ื—ืงื™ืง ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืžื ืงื“ื™ืฉื ื•ืกืœื™ืง ืœืื’ืจื ื•ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืจื ื•ืื–ื™ืœ ืœื™ื”, ื•ื”ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืจื ื”ื•ื” ืžืกืชืœืง ืœืจื•ื ืขื ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืืชืจ ื“ืื™ื”ื• ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื” ืืชื—ืฉืš ื ื”ื•ืจื, ื—ื›ื™ืžื™ ื“ื”ื•ื• ื‘ื”ื”ื•ื ืืชืจ ื“ืืชื—ืฉืš ื ื”ื•ืจื ื”ื•ื• ื™ื“ืขื™ ื•ื”ื•ื• ืืžืจื™ ืฉืœืžื” ืžืœื›ื ื”ื ืื–ื™ืœ ื•ืืขื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขื™ ืœืืŸ ืืชืจ ื”ื•ื” ืื–ื™ืœ, ื˜ืคืฉื™ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื• ืชืžืŸ ื”ื•ื• ืืžืจื™ ืขื ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื• ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื“ืงื ืื–ืœื™ ื•ื—ืฉื™ืš ืขืœืžื, ื’ื‘ื” ื ืฉืจื ื‘ื”ื“ื™ื” ื•ืคืจื— ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื” ืคืจืกื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื“ืžื˜ื ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ ื—ืฉื•ืš, ื•ืชืžืŸ ืื™ื”ื• ืชืจืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื™ื ื•ืื™ื”ื• ื ื—ื™ืช ืชืžืŸ, ื–ืงื™ืฃ ืจื™ืฉื™ื” ื•ื—ืžื™ ื˜ื•ืจื ื—ืฉื•ืš ื•ื”ื•ื” ื™ื“ืข ืชืžืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื” ื“ืืฆื˜ืจื™ืš ื•ื”ื•ื” ื™ื“ืข ื“ืชืžืŸ ื™ืขื•ืœ, ื”ื•ื” ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื ืฉืจื ื›ืžืœืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื˜ืืก ื•ืขืืœ ืœื’ื• ื˜ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ื”ื•ื ืืชืจ ื“ื–ื™ืชื ืชืžืŸ ืงืจื ื‘ื—ื™ืœื ื•ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื›"ื•) ื”' ืจืžื” ื™ื“ืš ื‘ืœ ื™ื—ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื•', ืขืืœ ืชืžืŸ ืขื“ ื“ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื”ื”ื•ื ืืชืจ ืฉื•ื™ ืขื–ืงื ืงืžื™ื™ื”ื• ื•ืงืจื™ื‘ ื•ืชืžืŸ ื”ื•ื” ื™ื“ืข ื›ืœ ืžื” ื“ื‘ืขื™ ืžืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื—ื›ืžืชืŸ ื ื•ื›ืจืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืขื™ ืœืžื ื“ืข, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื• ืืžืจื™ืŸ ืœื™ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ื“ื‘ืขื™ ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื” ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืจื ื•ืชื‘ ืœืืชืจื™ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื” ื™ืชื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจืกื™ื™ื” ืืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื“ืขืชื™ื” ื•ื”ื•ื” ืžืžืœืœ ื‘ื“ืขืชื™ื” ืžืœื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื›ืžืชื ื™ืงื™ืจื, ื‘ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืชื ื”ื•ื” ืืžืจ ื•ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืืจืื” ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื•ื“ืื™ ืžื”ื”ื•ื ืืจื—ื ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืžื”ื”ื™ื ื—ื›ืžืชื ื•ืืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืœื‘ืื™ ื•ื‘ื“ืขืชืื™, ื•ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืืจืื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฉื•ืงื™ื, (ื•ื›ื™ ื–ืขื™ืจื™ืŸ ืื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœืžื ื“ืื™ื”ื• ืืžืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฉืงื™ื), (ื "ื ืก"ื“ ื“ื›ืœ ืขืฉื™ืงื™ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื• ื‘ืขืœืžื ื”ื•ื” ื—ืžื™ ืฉืœืžื” ืžืœื›ื) ืืœื ืžืื™ ืขืฉื•ืงื™ื ืืœื™ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื™ื ื•ืงื™ืŸ ื“ืžืชื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืงืคื ื“ืืžื”ื•ืŸ ื“ืงื ืขืฉื•ืงื™ื ืžื›ืžื” ืกื˜ืจื™ืŸ, ืขืฉื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืขืœืื” ื“ืœืขื™ืœื ื•ืขืฉื•ืงื™ื ืœืชืชืโ€ฆ

ื ืกืคื— 3 โ€“ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืคืจืฉืช ืคื ื—ืก ื“ืฃ ืจืœ"ื’ ืข"ื

ื“ืชื ื™ื ืŸ ื ืฉืจื ืจื‘ืจื‘ื ื”ื•ื” ืืชื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื” ืฉืœืžื” ืžืœื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืžื ื•ื”ื•ื” ืฉืœืžื” ืžืœื›ื ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื’ื“ืคื”ื ื•ืื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ื” ื“' ืžืื” ืคืจืกื™ ื‘ืฉืขืชื ื—ื“ื ืœืืŸ ืื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ื” ืœืชืจืžื•"ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื™ื, ืืชืจ ื—ื“ ืื™ื”ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ื•ืจื™ ื“ื—ืฉื•ื›ื ื“ืืงืจื™ ืชืจืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœืื• ืื™ื”ื• ืืชืจ ื“ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™ ืืœื ืชืจืžื•ื“ ื“ืื™ื”ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื™ื ื•ืชืžืŸ ืžืชื›ื ืฉื™ ื›ืœ ืจื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืจื ื”ื•ื” ื˜ืืก ืœืชืžืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืชื ื—ื“ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืงืื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื›ืชื ืื’ื‘ื” ื ืฉืจื ื•ืฉืœืžื” ื›ืชื‘ ืคืชืงื ื•ืืจืžื™ ืชืžืŸ ื•ืืฉืชื–ื™ื‘ ืžืื™ื ื•ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื•ื ืฉืจื ื”ื•ื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ื’ื• ื—ืฉื•ื›ื ื“ื˜ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœืืชืจ ื“ืชืžืŸ ืขื–ื ื•ืขื–ืืœ ื“ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ืชืžืŸ ืืกื™ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœืฉืœืื™ ื“ืคืจื–ืœื ื ืขื™ืฆืŸ ื’ื• ืชื”ื•ืžื™ ื•ืœื™ืช ื™ื›ื™ืœื• (ืก"ื ืจืฉื•) ืœื‘"ื  ื‘ืขืœืžื ืœืžื™ืขืœ ืชืžืŸ ื•ืืคื™' ืขื•ืคื™ ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืขื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื ืฉืจื ืžืกืชื›ืœ ื’ื• ื—ืฉื•ื›ื ืจื‘ืจื‘ื ืžืื™ืš ืœืชืชื ื•ื ื˜ื™ืœ ืœื™ื” ืœืฉืœืžื” ืžืœื›ื ืชื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ืคื”ื ืฉืžืืœื ื•ืžื›ืกื™ื™ื ืœื™ื” ื•ืงื™ื™ืžื ืขืœ ืืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœืฉืœืื™ ื•ืื–ืœื ื•ืžืงืจื‘ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ื”ื• ื•ืฉืœืžื” ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืง ืขื–ืงื (ืก"ื ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ื’ื) ื“ื—ืงื™ืง ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืžื ืงื“ื™ืฉื ื•ืฉื•ื™ ื‘ืคื•ืžื ื“ื ืฉืจื ื•ืžื™ื“ ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื• ืืžืจื™ ื›ืœ ืžื” ื“ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœืžื” ืžืœื›ื ื•ืžืชืžืŸ ื”ื•ื” ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœืžื” ื—ื›ืžืชื (ืขืœืื”) ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื' ื˜') ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื’ื•' ืืช ืชืจืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื ื”ื•ื” ืขื‘ื™ื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืืœื ืžื”ื• ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืกื›ืœืชื ื• ื•ื™ื“ืข ืœื”ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื›ืชื ืœืžื ื“ืข ื‘ื™ื” ื—ื›ืžืชื (ืขืœืื” ื›ืžื” ื“ืืช ืืžืจ (ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื—') ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืงืจื).


1 ืฉื‘ืช ื›"ื ืข"ื‘.
2 ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืชืจืข"ื‘ ื'-ื‘'. ืืžื ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืขื ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื”, ืืš ื’ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื“ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ื ืงืจื ื‘ืฉื•"ืข: "ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”".
3 ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืฉืœื, ื—ืœืง ื‘', ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืž"ื. ื•ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื•' ืกื™ืžืŸ ืค"ื•, ื•ื‘ื—ืœืง ื—', ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืœื—ืœืง ื‘' ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืž"ื.
4 ื ืจ ืžืฆื•ื”, ืขืž' ื›"ื–-ื›"ื—.
5 ื“ื•ืจื ื• ืฉื ื™ื—ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชืื•ืจื” ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืžืชืงืฉื” ืื•ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ. ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ โ€“ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื– ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงืœื•ืช, ื•ืื ืงืจืชื” ืชืงืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื“ืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื›ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื.
ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžืžื ื•, ืžื›ื™ืจ ื•ื“ืื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื: ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื”ื“ืœืงืช ืื•ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืคื•ืชืจืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื›ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืš ื’ืžื•ืจ.
6 ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืš, ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืฆื™ืชื• ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืขืช ืขืจื‘ ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื ื” ื”ื™ื•ื: "ื•ื”ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืขืช ืขืจื‘ ืฉื”ืขืจื‘ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื”ืกืชืœืงื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื” ื—ืจื‘ ืื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืโ€ฆ ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ืฉื”ืœื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื™ื›ื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœื”ืคืกื“, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืคืกื“ ื”ืื•ืจ, ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืกืžื•ืš ืืœ ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืขืช ืขืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืกื“ ื”ืื•ืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืคืกื“" (ื ืฆื— ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืง ื—'). ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ืืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืฆื•ื ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื• ืจืง ื”ื—ืœื” ืฉืจื™ืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืœื ื‘ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืื‘, ืฉืื– ื ืฉืจืฃ ืจื•ื‘ื•, ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช, ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ. ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืง ืงื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื“ืจื•, ื•ืœื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืขื“ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
7 ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื‘'.
8 ื•ืจืื” ื‘"ืคืจื™ ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื" ืฉืขืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืง ื“', ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื–ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืžืฉืชืฉืงืข ื”ื—ืžื”, ื•ื ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ืขื˜ ืขื“ ืฉืชื›ืœื” ืจื’ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืง, ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื›ืš ื˜ืขื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืกื•ื“.
9 ืื™ื›ื” ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื‘', ื“'.
10 ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืชืขื ื™ืช ืค"ื“ ื”"ื”.
11 ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื "ื•.
12 ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื•ื˜ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืืจ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’: "ื”ืจื™ ืžืœื›ื™ ืžื–ืจื— ืžืชื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื™ื ืžืจื•ืžื™ ื•ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ื. ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžืœื›ื™ ื”ืžื–ืจื—. ื•ืžืœื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ [ืจืฉื•ืช] ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ืœืฉืจืคื• ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ื•ื ืœื—ื ืขืžื”ื. ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื™ืฆื ื”' ื•ื ืœื—ื ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื ื”ื”ื (ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื™"ื“, ื’'). ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ื ืœื• ืœืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœืฆื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืชื“ืžื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ื™ืจื™. ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ืื“ื•ื ื•ืžื•ืื‘ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื™ื“ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขืชื (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื™"ื, ื™"ื“)" (ืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื•ื˜ื โ€“ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคืจืฉื” ื”').
13 ืžืœ"ื ื˜', ื™"ื–-ื™"ื—.
14 ื“ื”ื™"ื‘ ื—', ื“'.
15 ื“ืฃ ื˜"ื– ืข"ื.
16 ื™ื•ืฉื ืœื‘ ืœืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืจืžื•ื“. ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื™ื—ืœ ืœืžืคืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืชืจืžื•ื“ ืขืงื‘ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื’ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื‘ืจืจ ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืกืœื•ืชื. ื ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื’ื ืฉืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื”ื•ื: "ืขื“ ื“ื›ืœื™ื ืจื™ื’ืœื ื“ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™"! ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ื ืกื” ืœื‘ืืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืขื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™ื.
17 ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจ ื—ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืžื™ืžืจื ืฉืœ: "ืขื“ ื“ื›ืœื™ื ืจื™ื’ืœื ื“ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™", ืžืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ!
18 ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืชื ืฆืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื•ืขื–ื™ื™ื. ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื ืœืงื—ื• ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืœื•, ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืืฃ ื”ืงื•ืจื ืžืฆื•ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ื.
19 ืคืกื™ืงืชื ืจื‘ืชื™ ืคืจืฉื” ืœ"ื•.
20 ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื•' ืข"ื.
21 ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ืข"ื”.
22 ืžื›ืืŸ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืขื™ืกื•ืงื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืขืฆื™ื ื“ืงื™ื ืœืžืื•ืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื™ืกื•ืงื” ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื” ื–ื•, ืืœื ืื—ื“ ืžื ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืขื ืคื™ ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืชื“ืžื•ืจ.
23 ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื "ื ืข"ื‘.
24 ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืืคื™ืช ืœืคืจืง ื–ื”:
ื’. ืืœื•ืŸ, ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“, ื›ืจืš ื‘', ืขืž' 159-181. ืœื”ืœืŸ: ืืœื•ืŸ.
ืฉ. ืฉื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืœ. ืจื•ื˜-ื’ืจืกื•ืŸ, ื”ืขืจืš: "ืชื“ืžื•ืจ", ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืœ"ื‘.
ื™. ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ, ื”ืขืจืš: "ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•', ืขืž' 421-422; 425.
ื“. ื’ื•ืœื“ืฉืžื™ื“ื˜, ื”ืขืจืš: "ื–ื ื•ื‘ื™ื”", ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื˜"ื–.
ืฆ. ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืขืจืš: "ืœื•ื ื’ื™ื ื•ืก, ืงืกื™ื•ืก", ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื›"ื.
ื”ืขืจืš: "ืคืื•ืœื•ืก ืžืกืžื•ืกื˜ื”", ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื›"ื–.
ืž. ืžืจื’ืœื™ื•ืช (ืขื•ืจืš), ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืœื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื.
25 ืืœื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื. ืจืื” ืขืž' 170 ื”ืขืจื” 39.
26 ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ืข"ื•.
27 ืจืื” ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ื ืกืคื— 1.
28 ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ืกื•ืœื. ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื ืกืคื— 2.
29 ื–ื”ืจ ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื“ืฃ ืงื™"ื‘ ืข"ื‘.
30 ืจืื” ืงื”ืœืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื“', ื'. "ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื—ื™ื™ื˜ื ืคืชืจ ืงืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืžื–ืจื™ืŸ ืืœื• ืžืžื–ืจื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžืŸ ื•ืื™ื–ื” ื–ื”, ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืจื•ื” ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ื• ื–ื” ืžื” ื—ื˜ื ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื™ื” ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืŸ ืคื–ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืžืžื–ืจ ื‘ื ืœืขื•ื”"ื‘ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ืžืขืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืงื™ื ื•ื’ื•' ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ืขื•ื”"ื– ื”ื ืคืกื•ืœื™ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื ืืžืจ ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ืื ื ื—ืžื™ืชื” ืื™ืœื• ื›ื•ืจืกื™ืŸโ€ฆ".
31 ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืคืจืฉืช ืคื ื—ืก ื“ืฃ ืจืœ"ื’ ืข"ื, ืจืื” ื ืกืคื— 3.
32 ืจืื” ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจืžื– ืž"ื“, ื•ืคืจืฉืช ืื—ืจื™-ืžื•ืช ืจืžื– ืชืงืข"ื‘; ืคืกื™ืงืชื ืจื‘ืชื™ ืคืจืฉื” ืœ"ื“.
33 ืจืื”: ื‘.ืฆ. ืœื•ืจื™ื, ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืชืขื ื™ืช, ืžืฉื ื” ื™"ื“, ืขืž' 142-143.
34 ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื ืข"ื.
35 ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืง"ื– ืข"ื‘ โ€“ ืžืชื•ืš: ืข. ื‘ืืžื‘ืฉืชื™, ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก.
36 ืฉืคืช ืืžืช ืœื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืฉื ืช ืชืจืž"ื, ื“"ื”: "ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื•ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื”ืืจื•ืช ืžืจื’ืœื™ื". ื•ืฉื ื›ืชื‘: "ื•ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื”ืืจื” ืžื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื•ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื•ืžื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื— ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื›ืž"ืฉ ื›ื™ืžื™ ืฆืืชืš ืžืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืืจืื ื• ื ืคืœืื•ืช". ื•ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื: ืชืจืž"ื‘-ืชืจืž"ื’, ื“"ื”: "ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ื™ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืงื‘ืขื•", ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืจืž"ื“ ื“"ื”: "ืื"ื– ืžื•"ืจ ื–"ืœ ื”ืจืื” ืจืžื–".
37 ืœืฆืขืจื ื•, ื—ื’ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื ื—ื•ื’ ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ื–ื›ื•ืจื ื™ ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฆื‘ ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ, ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ื”ืกื“ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืืœ ื”ืื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืืชื ื• ืจื›ื‘, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืฆ'ื•ืคืจื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืกื™ืœื‘ืกื˜ืจ. ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื•, ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื™ืงื ื” ืืช ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ื™ืชื”: "ื›ื›ื” ื–ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืœื‘ืกื˜ืจ"!
38 ืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื•ื˜ื โ€“ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคืจืฉื” ื’.
39 ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ:
ืจ' ืฆื“ื•ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ, ืจืกื™ืกื™ ืœื™ืœื”, ืื•ืช ื "ื– ืขืž' ืค"ื’-ืค"ื•, ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื‘ื ืœื›ืœื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ืจื™ื’ืœื ื“ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™.
ืจ' ืฆื“ื•ืง, ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืฆื“ืง, ืขืž' ืค"ื’-ืค"ื˜, ืžื‘ืืจ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืจืžื•ื“, ื•ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžืืžืจ.
ืกืคืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ืœื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ืงื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืœื’ืžืจื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช : "ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืจื•ื˜ื•ืช".
ืกืคืจ ืžืื•ืจ ืขื™ื ื™ื ืคืจืฉืช ืžืงืฅ ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉ"ืจื™ื’ืœื ื“ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™" ื”ื•ื ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืงื•ืœ ืฉืžื—ื” โ€“ ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื.
ื‘ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ืขืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืช [ื˜] ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื ืฉื™ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื• ืœืžืงื•ื ืขื•ื–ื ื•ืขื–ืืœ ื‘ืชืจืžื•ื“.
ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ืžื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื ืงืžื ืกื™ืžืŸ ื "ื˜ ืื•ืช ื•' ืงื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืขืจื‘ ืจื‘ ืœื’ืžืจื ืขืœ "ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื™ืŸ".
ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื โ€“ ื—ื’ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ืขืž' ืจืข"ื—-ืจืค"ื’. ืชืจืžื•ื“ืื™, ืœืฉื•ืŸ: "ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื", ืฉืชื›ืœื” ืจื’ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ืž"ื˜ื•ืจื™ ื“ืคืจื•ื“ื", ื•ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืจืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *