ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข โ€“ ืืชื ื”ืœื” ืœืื™ื˜ื™

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื™ืณ ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ื”ืณืชืฉืขืดื“
 
13/11/2013
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ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข โ€“ ื•ื™ืฉืœื—

ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืกืงืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื•ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืœ ืขืฉื•, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช.

ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื. ืืฆืœ ืขืฉื• ื”ื›ืœ ืงื•ืจื” ืžื”ืจ. ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืื•ื™ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื™ื ืื•ืžื”, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืืœื•ืคื™ื ื•ืžืœื›ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืืจื™ื›ื” ืœืชืืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืจืฉื”.
ื™ืขืงื‘, ืœืขื•ืžืชื•, "ืืชื ื”ืœื” ืœืื˜ื™". ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืงืจื ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื‘ืื”. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื“ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื, ื•ื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื• โ€“ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช, ื›ืฉืืฆืœ ืขืฉื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืืœื•ืคื™ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช.

ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืžื“ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ืค"ื“, ื”'):

โ€ฆื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืื” ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ืขืงื‘ ืขืฉื• ื•ืืœื•ืคื™ื• ื ืชื™ื™ืจื, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ืžืืœื• ืืชื” ืžืชื™ื™ืจื, ื’ืฅ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœืš ื•ื’ืฅ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœ ื‘ื ืš ื•ืืชื ืฉื•ืจืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ื›ื•ืœื, ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื): "ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืฉ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ื‘ื”"โ€ฆ

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื•ื“ืข ืœืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื›ืฉืขืฉื• ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื ื” (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœ"ื’, ื™"ื“):

ื™ึทืขึฒื‘ึธืจ ื ึธื ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผื•ึน ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื ึธื”ึฒืœึธื” ืœึฐืึดื˜ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืจึถื’ึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึฐืœึธืื›ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึฐืคึธื ึทื™ ื•ึผืœึฐืจึถื’ึถืœ ื”ึทื™ึฐืœึธื“ึดื™ื ืขึทื“ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึธื‘ึนื ืึถืœ ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™ ืฉื‚ึตืขึดื™ืจึธื”.

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืชื ื”ืœ ืœืื˜, ื•ื™ืงื— ืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉืขื™ืจ. ืื™ืžืชื™ ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉืขื™ืจ? ืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™:

ื•ืื™ืžืชื™ ื™ืœืš, ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืฉื™ื—, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื ื›ื) ื•ืขืœื• ืžื•ืฉื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืจ ืขืฉื•.

ืื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคื—ื“ ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื ืžื“ืจืš ืืจื•ื›ื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื•.
ืขืฉื• ืžืชื ื”ืœ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ื–ืžื ื• ืงืฆื•ื‘.
ื—ื–"ืœ1 ืžื‘ืืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืขืฉื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ื—ื™.
ื”ื—ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืชืคืงื“ ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืื—ืจ ืœื™ื“ืชื”. ื”ืื“ื ืžืชืคืชื— ืœืื˜ ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ โ€“ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื˜. ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ: ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื•ื ื” ื‘ื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืก ื‘ื• ืขื•ื“ ื ืฉืžื”.
ื”ื—ื•ืงืจ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืคื‘ืœื•ื‘ ืขืจืš ื ื™ืกื•ื™, ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื•ืงื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื•ืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื. ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™. ืื•ืœื ืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื• ืžื”ืžื—ืงืจ.
ื. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ืจืš, ื›ืฉื”ืงื•ืฃ ืžืชืคืชื— ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง, ื”ื•ื "ืขื•ืงืฃ" ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืœื ืจืง ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช, ืืœื ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉื›ืœื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ.
ื‘. ืžื”ื• ื”ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ื•ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืฃ? ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ. ืื– ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืฃ ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœื›ืœื•ื‘.

ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืฉื”. ืขืฉื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืขื ืืœื•ืคื™ื, ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ "ืžื—ืคืฉ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•"โ€ฆ

ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช.
ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ืœื•ืงื— ืœื• ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืืช ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ.
ื‘ื”ืžื” โ€“ ื‘ื” ืžื” (ืžื”ืจ"ืœ). ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืœืคืชื—. ืื•ืœื ืœืื“ื ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืชื—, ื•ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื™ืฉ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื• ืื™ื˜ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ืชื’ืœื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.

ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขื•ืœื” ืžืื—ื“ ื”ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืขืฉื•, ื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™ (ืžืืžืจ ืฉื ื™, ื™"ื“):

ื•ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื”ื™ื ื ืคืœื” ื”ืงื ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฉื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ืœืกื•ืฃ ื ื“ื—ื” ืขืฉื•, ืขืœ ืืฃ ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื•, ืžืคื ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘, ืขื ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืœืฉืชื•.

ืขืฉื•, ืขื ื›ืœ ืืœื•ืคื™ื• ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื•, ื ื“ื—ื” ืžื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื™ืขืงื‘.
ืื™ืžืชื™ ืงืจื” ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื–ืจื™? ืžื“ื•ืข ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื“ื—ื” ืขืฉื•?

ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉื”, ืžืชืืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขืฉื• ื•ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœ"ื•, ื'-ื’'):

ื•ึฐืึตืœึผึถื” ืชึผึนืœึฐื“ื•ึนืช ืขึตืฉื‚ึธื• ื”ื•ึผื ืึฑื“ื•ึนื: ืขึตืฉื‚ึธื• ืœึธืงึทื— ืึถืช ื ึธืฉืึธื™ื• ืžึดื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐื ึธืขึทืŸ ืึถืช ืขึธื“ึธื” ื‘ึผึทืช ืึตื™ืœื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทื—ึดืชึผึดื™ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืึธื”ึณืœึดื™ื‘ึธืžึธื” ื‘ึผึทืช ืขึฒื ึธื” ื‘ึผึทืช ืฆึดื‘ึฐืขื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทื—ึดื•ึผึดื™: ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึฐืžึทืช ื‘ึผึทืช ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืขึตืืœ ืึฒื—ื•ึนืช ื ึฐื‘ึธื™ื•ึนืช:

ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ื™ ื ืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขืฉื• ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ื ืขืŸ.
ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžืชืืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขืฉื• (ืฉื, ื“'-ื”'):

ื•ึทืชึผึตืœึถื“ ืขึธื“ึธื” ืœึฐืขึตืฉื‚ึธื• ืึถืช ืึฑืœึดื™ืคึธื– ื•ึผื‘ึธืฉื‚ึฐืžึทืช ื™ึธืœึฐื“ึธื” ืึถืช ืจึฐืขื•ึผืึตืœ: ื•ึฐืึธื”ึณืœึดื™ื‘ึธืžึธื” ื™ึธืœึฐื“ึธื” ืึถืช ื™ึฐืขื•ึผืฉื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื™ึทืขึฐืœึธื ื•ึฐืึถืช ืงึนืจึทื— ืึตืœึผึถื” ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืขึตืฉื‚ึธื• ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึปืœึผึฐื“ื•ึผ ืœื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึฐื ึธืขึทืŸ:

ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขืฉื• ื ื•ืœื“ื• ืœื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ.
ื•ืžื” ื”ื”ืžืฉืš (ืฉื, ื•'):

ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึทื— ืขึตืฉื‚ึธื• ืึถืช ื ึธืฉืึธื™ื•
ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึผึธื ึธื™ื•
ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึนืชึธื™ื•
ื•ึฐืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืชื•ึน
ื•ึฐืึถืช ืžึดืงึฐื ึตื”ื•ึผ
ื•ึฐืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื‘ึผึฐื”ึถืžึฐืชึผื•ึน
ื•ึฐืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืงึดื ึฐื™ึธื ื•ึน ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืจึธื›ึทืฉื ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึฐื ึธืขึทืŸ
ื•ึทื™ึผึตืœึถืšึฐ ืึถืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืึธื—ึดื™ื•:

ืขืฉื• ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืžืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ โ€“ ื ืฉื™ื•, ื™ืœื“ื™ื•, ืžืงื ื”ื• ื•ื›ืœ ืงื ื™ื™ื ื•, "ื•ื™ืœืš ืืœ ืืจืฅ" โ€“ "ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืืฉืจ ื™ืžืฆื". ืขืฉื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืคืฉ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืคื” ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื•.
ืขืฉื• ื”ื•ืœืš "ืžืคื ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื—ื™ื•". ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืขืฉื•: ื ืฉื™ื• ืžื—ืจืŸ, ื‘ื ื™ื• ืžื—ืจืŸ, ืจื›ื•ืฉื• ื•ื›ืœ ืงื ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื—ืจืŸ.
ืžื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืขืฉื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืœืœื›ืช?
ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” (ืฉื, ื–'):

ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืจึฐื›ื•ึผืฉืึธื ืจึธื‘ ืžึดืฉึผืึถื‘ึถืช ื™ึทื—ึฐื“ึผึธื• ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธื›ึฐืœึธื” ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึฐื’ื•ึผืจึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึธืฉื‚ึตืืช ืึนืชึธื ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืžึดืงึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื:

ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื. ืขืฉื• ืขื ื›ืœ ืืœื•ืคื™ื• ื ื˜ื•ืข ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ, ื•ืžื•ืœื• ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ืข ืžื—ืจืŸ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ. ืžื™ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ, ื•ืžื™ ืืžื•ืจ ืœืœื›ืช? ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืขื ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื™ืฉืืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขืฉื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸโ€ฆ
ืืš ืขืฉื• ื”ื•ืœืš. ื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ. ื”ืื ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืจื‘ ื–ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”?
ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืคืจืฉ ืžื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขืฉื•:

ื•ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืืจืฅ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื”ื โ€“ ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ืžืจืขื” ืœื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ื•ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื’ื“ื” (ืคืกื•ืง ื•) ืžืคื ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื—ื™ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื˜ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจืช (ื˜ื• ื™ื’) ื›ื™ ื’ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ืจืขืš, ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื–ืจืขื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง, ืืžืจ ืืœืš ืœื™ ืžื›ืืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื—ืœืง ืœื ื‘ืžืชื ื” ืฉื ืชื ื” ืœื• ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช, ื•ืœื ื‘ืคืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื˜ืจ. ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื”, ืฉืžื›ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ืจืชื•:

ืขืฉื• ื’ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืจืง ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื ื–ื›ืจ ืคืชืื•ื, ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื ืขื™ืโ€ฆ
ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื’ื™ืข ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื—ื•ืฉ, ื›ืฉืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื• ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืœื• โ€“ ืขืฉื• ืžื—ืคืฉ ืœื• ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ โ€“ ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•. ื›ืฉืื ื• ื—ืกืจื™ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชื ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ โ€“ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืจื™ืžื™ื ืจืืฉ. ืื ืื ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืืจืฅ ื–ื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื ื• โ€“ ื™ื“ื—ื• ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืขื ื›ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื ืžืคื ื™ื ื•.

ืžื” ืฉื™ื ืฆื— ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื–ื” ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘"ืฆื•ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื’ื•ืืœื•".
ืื ื‘ืจืืฉ ืกื•ืœื ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”, ื•ืื ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• โ€“ ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื•ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช. ื”ื“ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืกืœืง ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื—ื“ื” ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉื™ื™ื.
ื›ืœ ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืคื™ื’ื•ืข โ€“ ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง. ืื ืื ื• ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืจืืฉื• โ€“ ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ืงืชื ื• โ€“ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื—ืคืฉื• โ€“ ื•ื™ืžืฆืื• โ€“ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ.

ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื• 32,000 ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžื•ืœ 8,000 ืื ืฉื™ ื—ื™ื–ื‘ืืœืœื”, ื•ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆื—, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ืช, ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช, ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ืขื•ื“.
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื”ืคืกื“ ืืžืจื• ืฉ"ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ื”ื—ืžืฆื” ื ื•ืจืื”". ื›ืš ืžื›ื ื™ื ื”ืคืกื“. ื›ืฉื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœื ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื โ€“ ื–ื” ื”ืคืกื“.
ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื–ื•, ื›ืš ืงื‘ืขื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื•ื™ื ื•ื’ืจื“2, ื”ื›ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื” ืขืจื›ื™.
ืœื ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืžื›ื— ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืชืŸ ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืื ื• ื ืื‘ืงื™ื. ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืฆื“ืงืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื‘ืฆื“ืงืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”.

ื”ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืŸ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืื™ื ืžื›ื— ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ, ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉื“ืจื” ืขืจื›ื™.
ื–ื”ื• ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื—ื•ืกื ื• ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืœืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื–ื”ื• ื”ื›ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืฆื— ืืช ืžืื‘ืงื ื• ืžื•ืœ ืขืฉื•.
ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืžืชื ื”ืœืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืœื—ืžืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช. ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืจืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืขืจื›ื™, ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืœืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ืžื•ืฆืงื”.

ืื ื›ืš ื™ื”ื™ื” โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœืคื—ื“ ื•ืœื‘ื”ืœื”. ืขืฉื• ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืœื”ื‘ืช ืืฉ, ืžื›ื— ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื™ืชื.


1 ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื ืก"ื” ืข"ื‘, ื•ื‘ื–ื•ื”"ืง ื—"ื’, ืฆ"ื ืข"ื‘.
2 ืจืื” ื›ืืŸ: http://reut-institute.org/data/uploads/Articles%20and%20Reports%20from%20other%20organizations/Full%20Winograd%20Report.pdf, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืคืจืง 11.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *