ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข โ€“ ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ

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ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื™ืดื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ื”ืณืชืฉืขืดื•
 
23/12/2015
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ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข โ€“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ โ€“ ืœืืŸ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช?

ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ื—ื™ ืื ื• ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื•ืฉื’ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืฉืžืœื•ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ โ€“ "ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ". ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื (ืค"ื ื”"ื“):

ื”ืงื•ืจื ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืžืจ ืคืกื•ืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืœื—ืฉ: 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“', ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืงื•ืจื ื›ื“ืจื›ื•: "ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš", ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื”. ื•ืœืžื” ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ, ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืงื‘ืฅ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžื™ืชืชื•, ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ื–ืจื–ื ืขืœ ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”' ืฉื”ืœืš ื‘ื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื•, ื•ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื ื•ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ื‘ื ื™, ืฉืžื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื ืคืกืœื•ืช, ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืžื™ ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื, ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืืžืจ ืœื ื• ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•: "ืคืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื ืื™ืฉ ืื• ืืฉื” ื•ื’ื•'", ืขื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื•ืืžืจื•: "ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื”' ืื—ื“", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืข ืžืžื ื• ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื”' ืื—ื“, ืคืชื— ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื•ืืžืจ: ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื— ืฉืฉื‘ื— ื‘ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ืื—ืจ ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื”.

ื›ืฉื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื›ื ืก ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืืœ ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”'. ื–ื• ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื ืœืชืช ืœืขื•ืœื.
ืœืื•ืจ ืžืกื•ืจืช ื–ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื•, ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื™ืขืงื‘, ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ (ื”ืขืžืง ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•', ื“') ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื‘ื›ืœ ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ื•ื›ื— โ€“ ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ืš. ืจืง ืคืกื•ืง ืื—ื“ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•', ื“'):

ืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื”' ืึถื—ึธื“.

ืžื“ื•ืข? ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฉื” ืžืฆื˜ื˜ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘. ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืื•ืžื”, ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช, ืžื‘ื ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืขื“ ืืœื™ื•, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืขื“ ืืœื™ื ื•.
ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ืขื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ืืฆืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ืชื”: ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืืฆืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืืฆืœื ื• ืื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื: ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืืš ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื ืฉืืจ ืงื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”'.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื, ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื— ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื”. ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›', ื‘'-ื’'):

ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึผึฐืงึธืจึธื‘ึฐื›ึถื ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ื•ึฐื ึดื’ึผึทืฉื ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ื•ึฐื“ึดื‘ึผึถืจ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืขึธื. ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืึฒืœึตื”ึถื ืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึทืชึผึถื ืงึฐืจึตื‘ึดื™ื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืœึทืžึผึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ืขึทืœ ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึตื™ื›ึถื ืึทืœ ื™ึตืจึทืšึฐ ืœึฐื‘ึทื‘ึฐื›ึถื ืึทืœ ืชึผึดื™ืจึฐืื•ึผ ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึทื—ึฐืคึผึฐื–ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึทืขึทืจึฐืฆื•ึผ ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื.

ื“ืจืฉื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืž"ื‘ ืข"ื):

"ื•ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื”ื ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ืžืื™ ืฉื ื "ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื—ื™: ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืชื ืืœื ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืื™ ืืชื ื ืžืกืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื.

ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืชื•ื—: "ืฉืžืขื• ื ื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ". ืžื“ื•ืข ืคื•ืชื— ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ"? ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื“ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”'. ื–ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื–ื” โ€“ ื™ืฉ ื›ื— ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ืžืชืจื™"ื’ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืžืชืจื™"ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืช ืžืฆื•ืช "ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”'". ืื ื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข, ืืš ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข, ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื, ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคืกืง.
ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”' ืžืœื•ื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคืกืงื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข. ืืžื•ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื›ืจืขืช ื‘ืžืื‘ืงื ื• ืžื•ืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืœื.
ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”', ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื (ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช: ืฉืžืข).
ื”' ืื—ื“, ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•, ื”ื›ืœ ืžืžื ื• ื‘ื ื•ืืœื™ื• ืฉื‘. ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืขื•ืœ, ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขืœื™ื ื•.
"ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื•" โ€“ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืืœื• ืžื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืขื•ืœ, ืืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืืœื•ืงื•ืชื• ืขืœื™ื ื•.
"ื”' ืื—ื“" โ€“ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืืœื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”'. ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ืขื•ืœื• โ€“ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื.

ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”' ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช โ€“ ื”ืื ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื ื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช?
ื’ื ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืš. ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืงื ืช ืžืฉื ืฉืžื™ื โ€“ ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืœื•ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื•, ื—ืœื™ืœื”. ื•ืจืง ื›ืฉื ืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื โ€“ ืชืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื” ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืžื” ืžืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืืช ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”', ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ื”ื›ืฃ1. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื, ืฉื—ื™ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” โ€“ ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื•ืœื•.

ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ: "ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ ื”' ืึถืช ืฉืึดื™ื‘ึทืช ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธื™ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึฐื—ึนืœึฐืžึดื™ื" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื›"ื•, ื').
ืืš ืื ืœื ื™ื•ืคื™ืข ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ืขืœื™ื• ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื”ืคืš ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืงืฉื” ื•ืžื›ืื™ื‘ื”.
ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื‘ืื’ืจืชื• (ืื’ืจื•ืช ืจืื™"ื” ื—"ื ืื’ืจืช ืงืž"ื“).
ื”ืื’ืจืช ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžืื” ืฉื ื”, ืœืขื•ืจืš ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื ืงืคื•ืจื˜. ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื›ืชื‘ ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื™ื™ืกื“ ื‘ื™ืคื• โ€“ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ. ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช ืขืจื” ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ื•ืœืจื•ื— ื”ื“ื•ืจ.
ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืื’ืจืช ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืจื ืœื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื™ื“ื™:

ื•ืืชื” ืื“ื•ื ื™ ืืชื›ื‘ื“ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืขืš, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืœื™ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™, ื•ืื“ืข ื ืืžื ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืช ื”ืฆืžื—ืช ืงืจืŸ ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืื“ื™ืจื” ื–ืืช, ืฉื™ืืกืคื• ืืœื™ื ื• ื›ื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ื”ื—ืžืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื“ื•ืงื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™-ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ืงื•ื“ืช ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ื•ืขืจืช ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื•, ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชืขืœื ืžืœื‘ื ืœืขื–ืจืช ื“' ื•ืขืžื•. ืืœ ื ื ื ืื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“, ืืœ ื ื ื ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืกื™ื ืœืจืžื•ืก ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื, ืฉืจืฉื™ ืฆืžื—-ื“' ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืื“ืžืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ืื—ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืืžื•ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–, ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ-ื”ื“ืขื”, ื ื–ื™ืจ-ืืœืงื™ื ื”ืžืจื•ืžื ื”ื’"ืจ ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ ืจืคืืœ ื”ื™ืจืฉ ื–"ืœ, ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆื™ืœ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืข ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืืจื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืฉืจ ืœืžื“ ื•ื”ื•ืจื” ืœืื—ื•ื– ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื›ืกื™ืกื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืื, ืœื›ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื ืืช ืขืžื“ืช ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืืžื ื”. ืจืง ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื•ื— ืื—ื“, ื”ื ื ื• ื ืงืจืื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืชื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•. ืื ื ืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ืฉืขืช ื”ื›ืฉืจ, ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื™ื‘ืื• ืขื“ ืžืจื•ื ืงืฆื ืืฆืœ ืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื™ื“ ื”ืจืžื” ื”ืžื—ื•ืžืฉืช ื‘ื”ืคืงืจื•ืช ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืžืช, ื”ืžื—ืคื” ืืช ื—ืจืกื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคืช ื‘ื’ืจื’ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืกืชื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืช ื”ืฉืคื”, ื”ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืคื ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื”ืคืš ืœืžืฉื—ื™ืช ื•ืœืžืคืœืฆืช, ื•ืœืกื•ืฃ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืœืฉื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื•ื›ื—ื ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ, โ€“ ื”ื™ื“ ื”ื˜ืžืื” ื”ื–ืืช ืชืชื’ื‘ืจ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืืกื•ืŸ.

ืื ื ืคืงื™ืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืœืืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ. ืœืฉื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืฉื ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ื™ื”ืคื›ื• "ืœืžืฉื—ื™ืช ื•ืœืžืคืœืฆืช".
ื”ืคืขื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉื‘ื” ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ื”ืื’ืจืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืžื’ื•ืฉ ืงื˜ื™ืฃ.
ืžื™ ืฉืจืื” ืืช ื˜ื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฆื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฉ ืงื˜ื™ืฃ โ€“ ืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื”ืคืš ืœืžืฉื—ื™ืช ื•ืœืžืคืœืฆืช.
ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘"ื›, ืืš ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“.
ื›ืฉื ืจืฆื— ืืจืœื•ื–ื•ืจื•ื‘, ื”ืขืœื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื›ื™ ื™ื“ื• ื‘ืžืขืฉื”, ื•ื“ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื™ืชื”. ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฃ ืžืคืฉืข, ื ืœื—ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื•ื–, ื•ืกืคื’ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืงืฉื” ืžืฆื“ ื—ื•ื’ื™ ืžืคื"ื™ โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื, ื•ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœืคืฉืข.
ืจืง ืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ืขืœื™ืœื”, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ืจื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช.
ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง. ื”ื•ื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืžืคืœืฆืช. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืœื” ืืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื• ืืฉืจ ืžืžื ื• ื ืคื˜ืจ.

ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื ื’ื“ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืื•ืกืœื•. ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ืฉื‘"ื› ืฉืชืœ ืคืจื•ื‘ื•ืงืื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื’ื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ืชืกื™ืก ื•ืงืจื ืœืจืฆื— ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื”ืคื™ืฅ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ื›ืืคื™ื”2 ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืจ ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ.

ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืžืคืœืฆืช.
ืื•ืœื ืื™ื ื ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœืงื˜ืจื’ ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฉ. ืจืฆื•ื ื ื• ืœื—ื–ืง ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื•, ืœืื•ืจ ืคืกื•ืง ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืคืจืฉื” (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืž"ื˜, ื™"ื—):

ืœึดื™ืฉืื•ึผืขึธืชึฐืšึธ ืงึดื•ึผึดื™ืชึดื™ ื”'.

ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื”, ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžืงื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื‘. ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช โ€“ ืชืฆืžื— ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื”, ื•ืœื ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืชื‘ื•ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
ืื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื• ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื™"ื“, ื–'):

ืžึดื™ ื™ึดืชึผึตืŸ ืžึดืฆึผึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื™ึฐืฉืื•ึผืขึทืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ ื”' ืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผืช ืขึทืžึผื•ึน ื™ึธื’ึตืœ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืžึทื— ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ.

ื™ืฉื•ืขืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชื‘ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื—ืœื™ืœื”.
ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ื ืืžืจ ืฉืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื”ืจื’. ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื•ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืœื ื™ื”ืจื’.
ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ3, ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืชื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืชื™ื—ืจื‘. ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืชื•ืงื ืช ื•ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืœืžื” ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื›ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืงืฉื” ื•ื›ื•ืื‘.

ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื ื•. ืืœ ืœื ื• ืœืื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“, ื•ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื. ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง. ืจืง ืžื›ื— ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืฆื— ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช. ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื’ืžืจื ืื•ืžืจืช: ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• "ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ" โ€“ ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”' โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื ืžืกืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช.
ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืืžื•ื ื”, ืืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ4 โ€“ ื”ื›ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืœ ืขืจื›ื™, ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื ื• โ€“ ื›ืฉืœ ืจื•ื—ื ื™.

ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื ื•. ื‘ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืชื ื• ื‘"ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ" โ€“ ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”', ื•ื‘"ืœื™ืฉื•ืขืชืš ืงื™ื•ื™ืชื™ ื”'" โ€“ ื‘ืฆื™ืคื™ื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื”.
ืงืจื™ืืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืืจืฅ ืœื ื ืขื ืชื”. ื”ืืจืฅ ื ื‘ื ืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื”ื ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ, ื•ืื ื• ื—ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš. ื›ืจื’ืข ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื›ื‘ื“ ืœืจื™ื—ื•ืง ืžืชื•ืจื”. ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื’ื ืœืฉื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืฉื ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ืœื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ืืœื ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”.
ื–ื• ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ "ืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ื". ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ื™ืคื” ืฉืœื• โ€“ ืืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืชื•ืจื”. ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืื”.

ื ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ืข"ื” ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ื ืžืกืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื•, ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืฉืงื˜ ื•ืฉืœื•ื”, ืœืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.

1 ืขื™' ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืค"ื’ ื”"ื“: "ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉื™ืจืื” ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื—ืฆื™ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ื•ื—ืฆื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื—ืฆื™ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ื•ื—ืฆื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘, ื—ื˜ื ื—ื˜ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืœื›ืฃ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื’ืจื ืœื• ื”ืฉื—ืชื”, ืขืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืื—ืช ื”ืจื™ ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืœื›ืฃ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื•ื’ืจื ืœื• ื•ืœื”ื ืชืฉื•ืขื” ื•ื”ืฆืœื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืฆื“ื™ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื ื–ื” ืฉืฆื“ืง ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื™ืœื•".
2 ืžื•ื“ืขื” ื›ื–ื• ืฉื ืชืœืชื” ื‘ืžืขืœื•ืช ื’ืจืžื” ืœืžืื‘ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื•ื“"ืœ.
3 ืขื™' ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืขืž' 98, ื•ื‘ืžืฉื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืขืž' ืฉืœื˜.
4 ืจืื” ืœืžืฉืœ ืืช ื“ื•"ื— ื•ืขื“ืช ื•ื™ื ื•ื’ืจื“ ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื•ืืช ื“ื•"ื— ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื•ืงืจ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *