ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข โ€“ ืžืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข >> ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ >> ืžืกืขื™
ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื›ืดื— ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ื”ืณืชืฉืขืดื•
 
03/08/2016
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ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข โ€“ ืžืกืขื™ โ€“ ืžืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื”ืžืกืข ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื ื—ืœื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš.
ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœ"ื“, ื'-ื‘'):

ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ ื”' ืึถืœ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืœึผึตืืžึนืจ. ืฆึทื• ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ืึฒืœึตื”ึถื ื›ึผึดื™ ืึทืชึผึถื ื‘ึผึธืึดื™ื ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึฐื ึธืขึทืŸ ื–ึนืืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึดืคึผึนืœ ืœึธื›ึถื ื‘ึผึฐื ึทื—ึฒืœึธื” ืึถืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึทืŸ ืœึดื’ึฐื‘ึปืœึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ.

ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ" ืงืฉื”, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืžื“ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื. ื”ืจืื‘"ืข ื›ืชื‘:

ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ.

ื™ืฉ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื›ื™ ืืชื ื‘ืื™ื ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ โ€“ ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ".
ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื›ืชื‘:

ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ "ื‘ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ", ื›ื™ ืฉื ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช ื›ื ืขืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉื ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืฉื ื”ืขื, ื•ื›ืŸ "ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื›ื ืขืŸ" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜"ื•), ื•ื›ืŸ "ื›ื ืขืŸ ืืจืฅ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื•ื”ืื‘ื“ืชื™ืš ืžืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘" (ืฆืคื ื™ื” ื‘'), ื•ื”ื ื” "ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ" ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ "ื”ืขื™ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื", "ื•ื”ืžืœืš ื“ื•ื“"(ืžืœื›ื™ื ื' ื'), "ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ" (ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื˜').

ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื• ื”ื•ื: "ื›ื ืขืŸ".
ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ. ื–ื”ื• ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ.
ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ืฉื•ื‘ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœ"ื“, ื›"ื˜):

ืึตืœึผึถื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฆึดื•ึผึธื” ื”' ืœึฐื ึทื—ึตืœ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึฐื ึธืขึทืŸ

.

ืื–ื›ื•ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื–ื”, ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืกืขื•ืช. ืžื•ืช ืื”ืจืŸ ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื•ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ื•ืžื”. ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช ื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›', ื›"ื˜ โ€“ ื›"ื, ื'):

ื•ึทื™ึผึดืจึฐืื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึตื“ึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ื’ึธื•ึทืข ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึดื‘ึฐื›ึผื•ึผ ืึถืช ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึดื™ื ื™ื•ึนื ื›ึผึนืœ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ.
ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื”ึทื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึฒื ึดื™ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืขึฒืจึธื“ ื™ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื”ึทื ึผึถื’ึถื‘ ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึธื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึธืึฒืชึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืœึผึธื—ึถื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึฐ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ืฉืึถื‘ึดื™:

ื•ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœ"ื’, ืœ"ื—-ืž'):

ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึทืœ ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ืึถืœ ื”ึนืจ ื”ึธื”ึธืจ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ื”' ื•ึทื™ึผึธืžึธืช ืฉืึธื ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐื ึทืช ื”ึธืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ืœึฐืฆึตืืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ืฉืึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ืœึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื. ื•ึฐืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืฉืึธืœึนืฉื ื•ึฐืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึฐืึทืช ืฉืึธื ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืžึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื”ึนืจ ื”ึธื”ึธืจ. ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื”ึทื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึฒื ึดื™ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืขึฒืจึธื“ ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื™ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื‘ึผึทื ึผึถื’ึถื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึฐื ึธืขึทืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึนื ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ.

ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืงืจื ืžืคืจืฉ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•1. ื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ืขืžืœืง, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื›ื ืขืŸ. ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืงื•ืจืืช ืœื• "ื›ื ืขื ื™"? ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ "ื‘ื ื’ื‘ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ". ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื›ื ืขื ื™, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืขืžืœืง ื”ื•ื ืžื–ืจืข ืขืฉื•, ื•ืœื ืžื–ืจืข ื›ื ืขืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื—ื. ืืš ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ื›ื ืขื ื™ ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ. ื›ืืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืคืจืฉืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช.

ืžื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื–ื•, ืฉื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื "ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ"?
ื›ื ืขืŸ ื”ื•ื ืืจื•ืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜', ื›"ื”):

ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืึธืจื•ึผืจ ื›ึผึฐื ึธืขึทืŸ ืขึถื‘ึถื“ ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึดื™ื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึฐืึถื—ึธื™ื•.

ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ (ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืขืฉื” ืงืค"ื–):

โ€ฆืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.

ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื ื” ืืจืฅ "ื ื™ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ืช". ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืืœ ื”ืจืข. ื–ื• "ื”ืืจืฅ โ€“ ื›ื ืขืŸ". ื›ื ืขืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืœืฉื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื•ืœื— ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืื•ืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื›"ื’, ื™"ื‘):

ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื™"ื): "ื›ื— ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืขืžื•", ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื‘ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืจืฅ ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื›ื—ื™ ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืจื’ ืืช ืฉื•ื ืื™ื›ื ืžืคื ื™ื›ื ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ืืช ืืจืฆื, ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื›ื— ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืขืžื• ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ื ื—ืœืช ื’ื•ื™ื".

ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื• ืื™ื ื ื” ืืจืฅ ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืขืžื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”. ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืื™ื ื "ืกืชื" ืขืžื™ื, ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื, ืืœื "ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ". ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื ืขืŸ. ื›ืืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื”ืชืจื›ื™ื– ืฉืœ ื›ื ืขืŸ.

ืขืžืœืง ื ืงืจื "ื›ื ืขื ื™" ืขืœ ืฉื ืžืงื•ืžื•. ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื•, ื•ื–ื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ื— ืขืžืœืง ืฉืœื•, ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ื’ื ืืช ื›ื— ื”ื›ื ืขื ื™, ืืช ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืฉื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ.

ื–ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืืœื™ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืš. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื•. ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ืืจืฅ ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ". ื›ืืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืงืฉื”, ื•ืœื "ืžืœืงืงื™ื ื“ื‘ืฉ" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœ"ื’, ื "ื’-ื "ื•):

ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนืจึทืฉืึฐืชึผึถื ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึดื™ืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึถื ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึธื›ึถื ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืœึธืจึถืฉืึถืช ืึนืชึธื”ึผโ€ฆ ื•ึฐืึดื ืœึนื ืชื•ึนืจึดื™ืฉืื•ึผ ืึถืช ื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผื•ึนืชึดื™ืจื•ึผ ืžึตื”ึถื ืœึฐืฉื‚ึดื›ึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึฐืœึดืฆึฐื ึดื™ื ึดื ื‘ึผึฐืฆึดื“ึผึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึฐืฆึธืจึฒืจื•ึผ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึทืชึผึถื ื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ. ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื“ึผึดืžึผึดื™ืชึดื™ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืœึธื”ึถื ืึถืขึฑืฉื‚ึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื.

ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืืช ื”ืื•ื™ื‘, ืžืชื•ืš ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”2. ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžืงื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ โ€“ ืžื•ื–ืžืŸ. "ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื›ืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื”" โ€“ ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœื›ืืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ืโ€ฆ
ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืš. ืื ื ืฉืื™ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืืช ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•, ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืœืฆื ื™ื ื™ื. ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืจื” ืœื ืชื™ืฉืืจ ืจืง ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื, ืืœื ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ื’ื ืืœื™ื ื•. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืืจืฅ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื ืขืŸ, ื•ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื–ืืช ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื”.

ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืืจืฅ ื‘ืขืœืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื. ืืš ืื ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” โ€“ ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“. ืขืžืœืง ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืขื ื™ื.
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืš. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ, ื•ืžืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ืืช ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืœื ื ืืžืจ: "ื›ื™ ืืชื ื‘ืื™ื ืืœ ืืจืฅ ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ ื•ื”ื•ืจืฉืชืโ€ฆ". ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืื ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื” ื•ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื ื—ืœื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ. ืืจืฅ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืชื•ืคื™ืข.

ื”"ืฉืคืช ืืžืช" ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ (ืชืจ"ื ):

ื‘ืคืกื•ืง "ื›ื™ ืืชื ื‘ืื™ื ื›ื•' ื–ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืชืคื•ืœ ื›ื•' ื‘ื ื—ืœื” ื›ื•' ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”" ื›ื•'. ื•ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ: ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืืชื ืจืื• ื›ื•' ืืจืฅ ืžืืคืœื™ื”" ื›ื•' ืข"ืฉโ€ฆ ื•ื–ื” ืฉืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ื "ืื ืืจืฅ ืžืืคืœื™ื”". ืจืžื– ืœื”ื ืฉื ื—ืฉืš ื”ืื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื˜ืื. ื•ืืžืช ื›ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื™' ืžืงื•ื“ื ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขื ื™, ื”ื™' ืžืงื•ื“ื ืžืงื•ื ืžืงื•ืœืงืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืคืจืฉืช ืื—ืจื™, ืื‘ืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืชื’ืœื” ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื”ื•ืกืจ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ืื•ืคืœ, ื•ื–ื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืืจืฅ ืžืืคืœื™ื”".

ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš (ืชืจืก"ื):

ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืžืื™ืจื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืกืชื™ืจ ื”ืืจืช ื”ื ืฉืžื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื›ื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืชื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงื ื™ื ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื™ืŸ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ3.

ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืžืงื•ืœืงืœ, ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื• ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื•.
ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื–ื™ื›ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื–ื” ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืื ื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืš, ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”"ื—ืกื“ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื" (ืžืขื™ืŸ ื’' ื ื”ืจ ื™"ื‘):

ื•ื“ืข ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื“ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืงืจื ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื’ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื”, ืฉืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ื•ืชืงื™ื ื”ืืจืฅ ืืช ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”", ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืงื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื ืงืจื ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื‘ื—ื–ืงืช ืจืฉืข.

ืื ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืขืœืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื ื• ื‘ื• โ€“ ืื– ื™ืชื’ืœื• ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ืื ืœื โ€“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืœืฉืœื™ืœื”. "ื•ืฆืจืจื• ืืชื›ื" โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืช ื›ืฉืื ื• ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืื™ืš ื ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ?
ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืืฉ ื“ืช" ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ืฉ"ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ" ื–ื” ื’ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื”ื›ื ืขื”". ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื ืขืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื›ื ืขื”, ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื”. ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื ื•ื”.
ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™. ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ื ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื”.
ืขื ื•ื” ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืืžื•ื ื”. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื’ืื•ื”, ืžื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉ"ืื ื™ ื•ืืคืกื™ ืขื•ื“". ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื” ืงื™ื•ื ืขืฆืžื™, ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช. ื–ื• ื”ื’ืื•ื”.
ื”ืขื ื•ื” ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช. ื›ืฉืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืขื ื•ื” โ€“ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืืžื•ื ื”.
ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืœ"ื–, ื’'): "ืฉืึฐื›ึธืŸ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื•ึผืจึฐืขึตื” ืึฑืžื•ึผื ึธื”". ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื โ€“ ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืžืขืฉื™ ื”'. ื›ืš ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืืžื•ื ื”. ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืืจืฅ ื”ืขืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืš ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืืžื•ื ื”.

ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”. ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืœื ืœื”ื™ื’ืจืจ ืœืžืขืฉื™ื ืจื™ืงื ื™ื™ื. ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื, ื›ืฉืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ืขืŸ: "ืžื” ืจืข ื‘ื–ื”?" ืื ืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืฉื–ื” ืืกื•ืจ โ€“ ืื– ืžื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”?
ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื”! ืื ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืคืœื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืœืš. ืœื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืคืœื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืœืš (ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืฉืชื• ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”). ืืžื ื ืงืฉื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉื”ืžืœืš ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ืžืขืฉื™ื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ื™ ืคืขื. ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื• ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช. ื–ื• ืืจืฅ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•. ืื ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช โ€“ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช, ื—ืœื™ืœื”.

ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื˜ื™ืœื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“: ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืืจืฆื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœ"ื‘, ื›"ื˜): "ื›ึผึดื™ ืฉื‚ึธืจึดื™ืชึธ ืขึดื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืขึดื ืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึทืชึผื•ึผื›ึธืœ". ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ืืจืฅ ืžืœืื” ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื”ืจื”, ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช.
ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื›ืš ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช). ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”.

ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืฉืคืช ืืžืช ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉื”ื ืœื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ. ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”' ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•, ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืืฃ ืื ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื ื• ื ืจืื” ืœื ื• ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ื โ€“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื”.
ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœ"ื’, ื›"ื”): "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืกึฐืขื•ึผ ืžึตื—ึฒืจึธื“ึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึทื—ึฒื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืงึฐื”ึตืœึนืช" ื“ืจืฉื•, ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื“ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ืจื“ื”. ื”ื•ื ืžืคื—ื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื”, ืฉืžื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืื•ื™. ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื: "ื•ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžืงื”ืœื•ืช". ืื ื›ืœ ืงื”ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช โ€“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืจื‘ื™ื ื—ืฉืฉื• ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ, ืฉืžื ืื™ื ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ื, ืฉืžื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชืื™ื. ืื•ืœื, ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช ืžืœื›ื•" (ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืก"ื•):

ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืขืชื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืคื—ื•ืชื™ ืขืจืš ื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืชื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื ืชื ื•ืฆืฅ ืจื•ื— ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืืฉืจื™ ื—ืœืงื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžื–ื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ื.

ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘"ืžืงื”ืœื•ืช" โ€“ ื”ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืชื™ ืขืจืš, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉืจื™ื โ€“ ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื›ืš.

ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืขื ื”ื—ืจื“ื”. ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืœื”, ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื ืคืœื ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืคืœืื™ื. ืื•ืœื, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื•. ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ื•ืœืžืขืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื ืœืš ื•ื ืชืงื“ื ื‘ืข"ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ื”.

1 ืขื™' ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข" ื—"ื ืขืž' 103, ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ื–ืงืŸ" ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืคืจืฉืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืžื” ืฆื•ืจื•ืช.
2 ืขื™' "ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข" ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' 230.
3 ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืจืก"ื ืฉื‘ื” ื ืืžืจื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”"ืฉืคืช ืืžืช" ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื™ ืื ื• ืœื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืœืื—ื•ืจ ื ืจืื”, ืฉืœื•ึผ ื”ื™ื• ื”"ืฉืคืช ืืžืช" ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื”ื โ€“ ื”ื™ืชื” ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื”, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืื  ื•ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื›ืคื™ืจื” ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืืš ืœื ื–ื›ื™ื ื•โ€ฆ

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *