ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” ื, ื ื

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื™ืดื’ ื‘ืื“ืจ ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
01/03/1980

ื“ืจื›ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื. ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ "ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื™ื“ืจืฉ".

ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, "ื“ืžื™ืชื™ืš ืจืขื™ืชื™", ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืืžืจื™: ืœืคื™ ืฉื ื“ืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืกื•ืกื™ื ื ืงื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืจืฆื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืขื“ ืฉืฉื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื. ืืžืจ ืจ' ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ: ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื, ืœื ื ื“ืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืกื•ืกื™ื ื ืงื‘ื•ืช, ืืœื ื’ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื ื“ืžื• ืœืกื•ืกื™ื ื ืงื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื ืœืกื•ืกื™ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืจืฆื• ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืขื“ ืฉืฉืงืขื•ื ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœืกื•ืกื•: ืืชืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืฉื›ืš ืœื ื™ืœื•ืก ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื ืื—ืจื™, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื” ืžืฉืงืขื ื™ ื‘ื™ื. ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื•ืก ืื•ืžืจ ืœืจื•ื›ื‘ื•: "ืจืžื” ื‘ื™ื", ืจืื” ืžื” ื‘ื™ื, ืื™ืคืชื™ืกื™ืก ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืœื›ื ื‘ื™ื. ืชื ื™ ืจ' ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ: "ื•ื™ื ืขืจ ื”' ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื™ื", ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื”ืกื•ืก ื”ื™ื” ื–ื•ืจืง ืจื•ื›ื‘ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ืกื•ืก ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžื ื•. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืœื•ื™: ื›ื–ื” ืฉืžื ืขืจ ื‘ืงื“ื™ืจื”, ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืžื˜ื”. "ืจืขื™ืชื™", ืžื”ื• "ืจืขื™ืชื™", ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ: ืžืคืจื ืกืชื™, ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืขื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืชืขืฉื” ื‘ื‘ืงืจ", ื“ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ: ืฉื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืœืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืขื•ืŸ, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ืฆื“ืง ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื”". ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, "ื“ืžื™ืชื™ืš ืจืขื™ืชื™", ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืืžืจื™: ืจืขื™ื™ืชื ื“ืขื•ืœืžื™, ืฉืงื‘ืœื• ืชื•ืจืชื™, ืฉืื™ืœื• ืœื ืงื‘ืœื•ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืœืชื”ื• ื•ื‘ื”ื•, ื“ืืžืจ ืจ' ื—ื ื™ื ื ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ืื—ื: ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ื ืžื•ื’ื™ื ืืจืฅ ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื” ืื ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ืชื™ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื” ืกืœื”", ืื™ืœื•ืœื™ ืฉืขืžื“ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืืžืจื• "ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข" ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชืžื’ืžื’ ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืชื”ื• ื•ื‘ื”ื•, ื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืกื ื”ืขื•ืœื, "ืื ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ืชื™ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื” ืกืœื”", ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช "ืื ื›ื™ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš" "ืชื›ื ืชื™ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื” ืกืœื”".

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, ื“ืจืฉื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืคืกื•ืง: "ืœึฐืกึปืกึธืชึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื›ึฐื‘ึตื™ ืคึทืจึฐืขึนื” ื“ึผึดืžึผึดื™ืชึดื™ืšึฐ ืจึทืขึฐื™ึธืชึดื™". ืžื”ื• "ื“ืžื™ืชื™ืš ืจืขื™ืชื™", ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืืžืจื™: ืœืคื™ ืฉื ื“ืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืกื•ืกื™ื ื ืงื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื ื“ืžื• ืœืกื•ืกื™ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื• ืจืฆื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืขื“ ืฉืฉื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื. ืืžืจ ืจ' ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ: ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื, ืœื ื ื“ืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืกื•ืกื™ื ื ืงื‘ื•ืช, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื›ื‘ื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื“ืžื•ืชื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื•ืขืจ ื•ืžื’ื•ื ื”, ืืœื ื’ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื ื“ืžื• ืœืกื•ืกื™ื ื ืงื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื ืœืกื•ืกื™ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืจืฆื• ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืขื“ ืฉืฉืงืขื•ื ื‘ื™ื. ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœืกื•ืกื•: ืืชืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืฉื›ืš ืœื ื™ืœื•ืก ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื ืื—ืจื™, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื” ืžืฉืงืขื ื™ ื‘ื™ื?! ืžื” ื ืฉืชื ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืืชืžื•ืœ?! ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื•ืก ืื•ืžืจ ืœืจื•ื›ื‘ื•: "ืกื•ึผืก ื•ึฐืจึนื›ึฐื‘ื•ึน ืจึธืžึธื” ื‘ึทื™ึผึธื" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜"ื•, ื'), ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืกื•ืก ืœืจื•ื›ื‘ื•: ืจืื” ืžื” ื‘ื™ื, ืื™ืคืชื™ืกื™ืก โ€“ ื ืก ื•ืคืœื (ืžืชื ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื”), ื ืคื™ืœืช ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืคืชืื•ื (ืขืฅ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืขืจื•ืš) โ€“ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืœื›ื ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืžืจืฆื•ื ื• ืืœ ื”ืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ื•ื ืจืฅ ืœืงืจืืชื. ืชื ื™ ืจ' ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™"ื“, ื›"ื–): "ื•ึทื™ึฐื ึทืขึตืจ ื”' ืึถืช ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื”ึทื™ึผึธื", ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื”ืกื•ืก ื”ื™ื” ื–ื•ืจืง ืจื•ื›ื‘ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ื•ื โ€“ ื”ืจื•ื›ื‘ โ€“ ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ืกื•ืก ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžื ื•. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืœื•ื™: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืœืžื“ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืง? ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื•ื™ื ืขืจ", ื›ื–ื” ืฉืžื ืขืจ ื‘ืงื“ื™ืจื”, ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืžื˜ื”, ื›ืš ื ื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืคืš ืืช ื”ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืกื•ืก ืœืžืขืœื”. ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืืช ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืกื•ืง: "ืจืขื™ืชื™", ืžื”ื• "ืจืขื™ืชื™", ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ: ืžืคืจื ืกืชื™, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื•ืขื”, ื”ืžืคืจื ืก ืืช ืฆืื ื• โ€“ ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืขื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื โ€“ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืคืจื ืกื™ื, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ โ€“ ื–ื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›"ื—, ื“'): "ืึถืช ื”ึทื›ึผึถื‘ึถืฉื‚ ืึถื—ึธื“ ืชึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื‘ึทื‘ึผึนืงึถืจ ื•ึฐืึตืช ื”ึทื›ึผึถื‘ึถืฉื‚ ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ึดื™ ืชึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึธืขึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธื™ึดื", ื“ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ: ืฉื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื™ื•ื. ื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื›ืคืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืœืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืขื•ืŸ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื', ื›"ื): "ืฆึถื“ึถืง ื™ึธืœึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ" โ€“ ืžื™ ืฉืœืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง. ืขืœ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” ืจืื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ. ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, ื“ืจืฉื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืžื™ืœื™ื "ื“ืžื™ืชื™ืš ืจืขื™ืชื™", ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืืžืจื™: ืจืขื™ื™ืชื ื“ืขื•ืœืžื™ โ€“ ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™, ืฉืงื‘ืœื• ืชื•ืจืชื™, ืฉืื™ืœื• ืœื ืงื‘ืœื•ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืœืชื”ื• ื•ื‘ื”ื•. ื“ืืžืจ ืจ' ื—ื ื™ื ื ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ืื—ื: ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืข"ื”, ื“'): "ื ึฐืžึนื’ึดื™ื ืึถืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึถื™ื”ึธ ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืชึดื›ึผึทื ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึผื“ึถื™ื”ึธ ืกึผึถืœึธื”" โ€“ ืื™ืœื•ืœื™ ืฉืขืžื“ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืืžืจื• (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื“, ื–'): "ื›ึผึนืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึถืจ ื”' ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื•ึฐื ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืข", ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชืžื’ืžื’ โ€“ ืžืชืžื•ืกืก ื•ืžืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ โ€“ ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืชื”ื• ื•ื‘ื”ื•, ื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืกื ื”ืขื•ืœื โ€“ ืชื™ืงื ื• ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ืžื˜ืจืชื• โ€“ "ืื ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ืชื™ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื” ืกืœื”", ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›', ื‘') "ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ" โ€“ "ืชื›ื ืชื™ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื” ืกืœื”" โ€“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื "ื ืžื•ื’ื™ื ืืจืฅ ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”" โ€“ ืœื ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชื”ื• ื•ื‘ื”ื•, ืืœื "ืชื›ื ืชื™ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื” ืกืœื”" โ€“ ืขืžื“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ืžืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ื•ืกื“ืจื•.

ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ: ื. ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื โ€“ ืœื ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ื‘. ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื โ€“ ืกื™ืœื•ืง ื›ื— ื”ืจืข ื›ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื’. ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื“. ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช โ€“ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื”. ื”ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ืืฃ ืคืกืงื” ื–ื•, ื›ืงื•ื“ืžืชื”, ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืขืœ ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ. ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ืงืจื™ืขืช ื”ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื“ืจืฉื•ื”ื• ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœื›ืš ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
ื ืจืื”, ืฉื”ื“ืจืฉื” ื›ืืŸ, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ืœืกึปืกืชื™" ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืœืคื™ ืจ' ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ), ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ืžืงืจื: ื•ื›ื™ ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื” ืœืกื•ืกื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื— ืœื”? ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ืืœื ืฉืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” "ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื™ื“ืจืฉ", ื•ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืœืกื•ืกื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื”, ืืœื ื›ืœืคื™ ืืจื•ืข ืฉืืœื™ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืจืขื™ื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” โ€“ ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ.

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืœื•ืช:
ื. ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืคืจื˜ื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ ืืช ื”"ืฉื™ื—ื”" ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืก ืœืจื•ื›ื‘ื•? ืžื” ืชื•ืจืžืช ืฉื™ื—ื” ื–ื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื?
ื‘. ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœ "ื ื™ืขื•ืจ" ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืืฃ ื”ื•ื.
ื’. ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื“ื™ืžื™ืชื™ืš ืจืขื™ืชื™" ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื•ืขื” โ€“ ืžืคืจื ืก ื•ืžืฉื’ื™ื—. ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ? ื“ืจืฉื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื•, ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืคืฉื˜ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื“ื•ืงื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื–ื•?

"ืกื•ืจ ืžืจืข" โ€“ ื”ื›ืจืชืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื
ื ืจืื”, ืฉื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื•ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืก ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืจื—ืง ืžืžื™ื, ื•ื–ื• ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืžืฆืคื” ื”ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ื’ื ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื–ื•. ืื•ืœื, ืœื”ืคืชืขืชื• ื—ื•ืจื’ ื”ืกื•ืก ืžืžื ื”ื’ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืจืฅ ืืœ ื”ืžื™ื. ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืก ื•ื”ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื”ืคืชืขื” ืฉื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืก โ€“ "ืืชืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืฉื›ืš ืœื ื™ืœื•ืก ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื ืื—ืจื™ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื” ืžืฉืงืขื ื™ ื‘ื™ื".
ื’ื ื”ื ื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื˜ื‘ื™ืขื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ืืœื ื ื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ืœื ื˜ื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืืŸ, ืืœื ื™ื“ ื”' ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื• ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžื”ืคื›ืช ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข โ€“ "ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื”ืกื•ืก ื”ื™ื” ื–ื•ืจืง ืจื•ื›ื‘ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ืกื•ืก ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžื ื•".

ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ืจืื”, ืฉื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžืฆื™ื‘ ืืช ืงืจื™ืขืช ื”ื™ื ื•ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื›ืฉืœื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืชื‘ืกืžื•ืชื•.
ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืฉืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื”: ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ืžื“ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ื, ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืชืงื“ื. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื ืงืจืข ื”ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืœื•ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœ' ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืค"ื— ื”"ื):

ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืชื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืขืฉืื, ืœื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”, ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื ืงืจืข ืืช ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ืœืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•โ€ฆ

ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขืœ ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ. ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ ืžืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืขื“ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื.
ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื ื›ื— ืฉืœ ืจืข. ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื›ืฉืคื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืž"ื˜ ืข"ื‘):

ืขืฉืจื” ืงื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉืคื™ื ื™ืจื“ื• ืœืขื•ืœื, ืชืฉืขื” ื ื˜ืœื” ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•.

ื‘ืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื“ื•ืงื ืžืฆืจื™ื ื ืขื ืฉื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ:

ื•ืžื” ื ืฉืชื ื™ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ, ืืžืจื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื•, ืืžืจื• ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื˜ื•ืคื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžื›ื•ืขืจื™ืŸ ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืฉืคื™ื ื•ื‘ื–ื™ืžื” ืืœื ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื ืจืขื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ืื™ื ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื‘ืืชื” ืœื”ืŸ ืชืงืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืงื•ืจืช ืจื•ื— ืœืฉืžื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื.

ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืข. ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืžืจ, ื”ืžื•ื ืขืช ืžื”ืื“ื ื•ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ื•ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช.
ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘"ืกื•ืจ ืžืจืข" โ€“ ื‘ื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืข ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ืœื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืช ืืช ื›ื— ื”ืจืข ื”ืžืฆืจื™.

ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืžืœืžื“ืช ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ื ืก ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ.
ื. "ื’ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื ื“ืžื• ืœืกื•ืกื™ื ื ืงื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื ืœืกื•ืกื™ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืจืฆื• ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืขื“ ืฉืฉืงืขื•ื ื‘ื™ื" โ€“ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืงื•ื ื–ื™ืžื”, ื•ืฉืงื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ื (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื›"ื’, ื›'): "ื•ึฐื–ึดืจึฐืžึทืช ืกื•ึผืกึดื™ื ื–ึดืจึฐืžึธืชึธื".
ื‘. "ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื”ืกื•ืก ื”ื™ื” ื–ื•ืจืง ืจื•ื›ื‘ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ืกื•ืก ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžื ื•" โ€“ ื”ืกื•ืก ืฉื•ืœื˜ ืขืœ ืจื•ื›ื‘ื•. ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ ืฉื•ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื•ืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืื” ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”.

"ืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘" โ€“ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœื—ืœืงื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ.
ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ "ืจืขื™ืชื™" ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื•ืขื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืกื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืขืœืืชื•. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ "ืกื•ืจ ืžืจืข", ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™: "ืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘" โ€“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืžื˜ืจืชื• ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืชื•.
ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื: ื. ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ื‘. ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช

ืžื”ื• "ืจืขื™ืชื™", ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ: ืžืคืจื ืกืชื™, ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืขื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื–ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›"ื—, ื‘'):

ืฆึทื• ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ืึฒืœึตื”ึถื ืึถืช ืงึธืจึฐื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ ืœึทื—ึฐืžึดื™ ืœึฐืึดืฉึผืึทื™ ืจึตื™ื—ึท ื ึดื™ื—ึนื—ึดื™ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึฐื”ึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ ืœึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืžื•ึนืขึฒื“ื•ึน.

ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™: "ืœื—ืžื™" ืžื‘ืืจ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืœื•ื™ ื›ืš (ืžืืžืจ ืฉื ื™, ื›"ื”-ื›"ื•):

ืืžืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™: ื“ื™ ืœื™ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืืžืจืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ื•ืขืชื” ืื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžืš ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื™ื ื ื™ ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืงืจืืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœื•, ืœืžืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ืืช ืงืจื‘ื ื™ ืœื—ืžื™ ืœืืฉื™ ืจื™ื— ื ื™ื—ึนื—ื™", ื”ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื”' ื”ื ื•ื”ื ืœื—ืžื• ื•ืจื™ื— ื ื™ื—ื•ื— ืœื•?
ืืžืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจ: ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืœืืฉื™" ืžืชืจืฅ ื›ืœ ืงื•ืฉื™ื”, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืืžืจ: ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื ื•ื”ืœื—ื ื•ืจื™ื— ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื™, ืื™ื ื ื›ื™ ืื "ืœืืฉื™", ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืืฉ ื”ื ืคืขืœืช ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื” ,ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืœื—ืžื”, ื•ืืช ืฉื™ื™ืจื™ื”ื ื™ืื›ืœื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื. ื•ื”ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืœื ืฉื›ื™ื ืช ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ ืื ืฉื›ื™ื ืช ืžืขืœื”.
ื•ืงื— ืœืš ื›ืžืฉืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื”ืžื™. ื’ื•ืฃ ื›ื–ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืฉืชื•ื• ื›ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื•ืกื•ื“ืจื• ื›ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื, ื”ืจืืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื, ืกื“ื•ืจ ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืงืจืืช ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช, ื ืขืฉื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืžืœืš, ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืชื• ื•ืœื”ื“ืจื™ื›ื• ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืžื• ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื™ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืคืจืข ื”ืกื“ืจ ื™ืคืจื“ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืžืžื ื•. ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื›ืกื™ืœ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืžืื›ืœ ื•ืœืžืฉืงื” ื•ืœืจื™ื—ื•ืช ื ืขื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืืœื” ืžืชืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื ืคืจื“ ื‘ื”ืคืจื“ื, ืื•ืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื›ืŸ. ื›ื™ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื’ื•ืžืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื›ืœ, ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื•ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืžื•ื ืข ืื•ืชื” ืžืžื ื•, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืกืง ืžื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื• ืื•ืจ ื•ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื“ืขืช. ืืš ื‘ื”ืคืกื“ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืื‘ื•ื“. ืื•ืœื ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื ืขืœื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืคื•ืœ ื‘ื• ืœืื•ืช ืื• ื™ืงืจื”ื• ื”ืคืกื“. ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืงื˜ืจืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื•ื”ืžืฉืชื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืœื ื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืืคื•ื "ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”'" ื•"ืœื—ื ืืœื”ื™ืš" ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ื”ืฉืืœื”, ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ืืœื•ื” ืžืจื•ืฆื” ืžืŸ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ื›ื”ื ื™ื”, ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžืชื ื•ืชื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื•ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื”ื. ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื ืขืœื” ืžืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžืื›ืœื ื•ืžืžืฉืชื™ื”ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืžื ื›ื™ ืื ืœื ืคืฉื.

ืจื™ื”"ืœ ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืฉืœ ืžื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื‘ืื“ื1.
ื”ืจืž"ื ืžื‘ืืจ, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืฉื›ื™ื ืช ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื‘ืื“ื ืื ื• ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ืช "ื•ืžืคืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช" (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ื•', ืกืข' ื'):

ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ืฉืžืคืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ืจื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื• ื•ืงื•ืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ืฉืžื™โ€ฆ

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื’ืฉืžื™? ื–ื”ื• ืคืœื! ื”ื’ืจ"ื (ืกื“ื•ืจ "ืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ", "ืื‘ื ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื•" ืขืœ "ื•ืžืคืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช") ืžื‘ืืจ:

ืฉื™ืฉ ืคืœื™ืื” ื‘ืื“ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืœื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ื›ืœ ื“' ืื• ื”' ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืฉืžืชื• ื™ื•ืฆืื” ืžืžื ื•, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืคืœื™ืื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ื›ื™ ืžืื™ ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืื™ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœ, ืืœื ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ื ื™ื—ื“ ืฉืชืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.

ื”ืคืœื ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื” ืื•ื›ืœืช ื ื™ื–ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืžื–ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื ื ืฉืžืชื• ืขื•ื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื•. ื›ื™ืฆื“ "ื™ื•ื“ืขืช" ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœื ืื›ืœ? ื–ื”ื• ื”ืคืœื ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืื“ื.
ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื ืกืชืจืช ืžืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื. ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืื™ื ื ื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื”. ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืœื ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืฃ, ื›ืš ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ืืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ โ€“ ืคืœื ื”ื.
ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื“ื, ื›ืš ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืื“ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ โ€“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•. ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ื›ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื ืฉืžื” ื—ื™ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื›ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื ื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช.
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืื“ื.
ืœืฉื ืžื” ื‘ืจื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื›ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ื›ืœ? ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืื“ื ื›ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื ืฉืœื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืงื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช?
ืขื•ืžืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”. ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืืœื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื”, ื ื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืžื ื” ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื”. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืžืจื•ืžื ื”ืื“ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื•ืœื”. ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ืช "ืฆื•ืžื—" ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืžื“ืจื’ืช "ืื“ื", ื•ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืงื™ื•ื ื ืฉืžืชื• ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื•. ื›ืš ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื”.
ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ืœื•ืงื— ื”ืื“ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—, ื•ืžืขืœื” ืื•ืชื ืœื’ื‘ื•ื”. ื›ืš ื ืงืฉืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื•ื”, ื•ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื›ืœื™ ืœื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื–ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช.

ื”ืชื•ืจื”

"ื“ืžื™ืชื™ืš ืจืขื™ืชื™", ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืืžืจื™: ืจืขื™ื™ืชื ื“ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืงื‘ืœื• ืชื•ืจืชื™, ืฉืื™ืœื• ืœื ืงื‘ืœื•ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืœืชื”ื• ื•ื‘ื”ื•.

ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืกืœืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™. ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื, ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื”ื•. "ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืชึดื›ึผึทื ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึผื“ึถื™ื”ึธ ืกึผึถืœึธื”" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืข"ื”, ื“') โ€“ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•.
ืœืœื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ืœื ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช, ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•, ืงืฉื•ืจ ื•ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื ื—ื™ืœืง ืžื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ืช ืื—ืช.
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืื ืจื’ื™ื”. ื‘ืœื ื”ืฉืงืขืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ "ืื™ ืกื“ืจ"2. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื•ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื”ื• ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืกื“ืจ, ื‘ื• ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื.
ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื”, ื•ืžื” ืœืžื˜ื”, ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื” ืจืข, ืžื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื›ืš ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข.

ืกื™ื›ื•ื: ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืข, ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช, ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ืกื•ืจ ืžืจืข", ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืžืงื•ื ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘".
ื”ืฆืขื™ื“ื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ืชื‘ืกืžื•ืชื• ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช โ€“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.
ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžื–ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ืŸ ืงื•ืฉืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืœื’ื‘ื•ื”.
ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืžืขืžื™ื“ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ืขืœ ืžืชื›ื•ื ืชื•.


 

1 ืžืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืื‘ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช. ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื›ื“ืžื•ืช ืื“ื, "ื•ึผืžึดื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึธืจึดื™ ืึถื—ึฑื–ึถื” ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึผึท" (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™"ื˜, ื›"ื•). "ื”ืื“ื ืขื•ืœื ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื“ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ", ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™.
2 ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื—"ื ืขืž' ืœ"ื˜ ื•ื‘ื”ืขืจื”.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *