ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื”

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื›ืดื“ ื‘ืื‘ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื’
 
22/08/2003

"ื ืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ืœืš" โ€“ ื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื”

ื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื”ืฆืžื“ "ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ืœืš" ืื•ืžืจ ื“ืจืฉื ื™. ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ื™ืคื•ื›ื•. "ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื" โ€“ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช. "ื•ื™ืœืš" โ€“ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช.
ื ืจืื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืคืจืฉื”, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืฉืชื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืืœื”1:

ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”' ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื”ืŸ ืงืจื‘ื• ื™ืžื™ืš ืœืžื•ืช ืงืจื ืืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื”ืชื™ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื•ืืฆื•ื ื• ื•ื™ืœืš ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืชื™ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“.

ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื”, ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื"2. ืืš ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘"ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื" โ€“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื, "ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืขื•ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ืช". ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื—ืœืคื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืชื ื” ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื”, ื™ืฉื ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืืจื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช.
ื’ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื”. ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืืœืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื3. ื“ื•ืงื ื›ืฉืžืชื—ืœืฃ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื•ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช, ื›ืฉื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื”, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช โ€“ ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ ืœื‘ื ื• ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื•ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืกื•ืขืจ.
ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”4:

ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ "ื”ืŸ ืงืจื‘ื• ื™ืžื™ืš" ืœืžื” ื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืžื™ืชื” ื‘ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื”ืŸ", ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืืžืจื™ ืœืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื—ื“ ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื• ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื—ืจื‘ ื—ื“ื”, ืืžืจ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืชื™ื–ื• ืืช ืจืืฉื• ื‘ื”, ืืžืจ ืœื• ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉ ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืžื” ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื“ืชื™ืš ื‘ื” ืืชื” ืžืชื™ื– ืืช ืจืืฉื™, ื›ืš ืืžืจ ืžืฉื”, ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื‘"ื”ืŸ" ืงื™ืœืกืชื™ืš, ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™') "ื”ืŸ ืœื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืฉืžื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื’ื•'", ื•ื‘"ื”ืŸ" ืืชื” ื’ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ ืžื™ืชื”, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื›ืŸ ืจืข ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช, ืืžืจ ืœื• ืื™ ืืชื” ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืฉืœื—ืชื™ืš ืœื’ืื•ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืืžืจืช ืœื™ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื“') "ื”ืŸ ืœื ื™ืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™", ื”ื•ื™ "ื”ืŸ ืงืจื‘ื• ื™ืžื™ืš".

ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื”ืŸ". ื‘"ื”ืŸ" ืงื™ืœืก ืœื”', ื‘"ื”ืŸ" ื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืžื•ืช, ื•ื‘"ื”ืŸ" ืคืงืคืง ื‘ืืžื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืชืชื‘ืืจ ืœืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื5:

ื“ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ: ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืœื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื• ืืœื ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™') "ื•ืขืชื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื” ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืฉื•ืืœ ืžืขืžืš ื›ื™ ืื ืœื™ืจืื” ื•ื’ื•'" ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›"ื—) "ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœืื“ื ื”ืŸ ื™ืจืืช ื”' ื”ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื’ื•'", ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœืื—ืช ื”ืŸ.

ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื6:

ืœืคื™ ืฉืื•ืช ื”' ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ื“ื™ื: ื"ื˜, ื‘"ื—, ื’"ื–, ื“"ื• ื›ื•ืœื ืขืฉืจื” ื•ื”' ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’, ื™"ืฆ, ื›"ืค, ืœ"ืข, ืž"ืก, ื›ื•ืœื ืžืื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ืžืื•ืช.

ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ื”ืŸ' ืžืกืžืœืช ืืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ืื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืขื ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’.
ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”, ืฉื”ืจืืชื” ืœืขื ืืช ื›ื—ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”', ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืจื“ืจื• ืœืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช. ืžืฉื” ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ืฉื”ืจืื• ืœืขื ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”'.
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืœ 'ื”ืŸ'. ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•. ืžืฉื” ื”ืจืื” ืœืขื ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื•ืจื•ืžืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”', ืืš ื”ืขื ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื“ืจื’ืชื• ื•ื‘ืชืœื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•.
ืžืฉื” ืงื™ืœืก ื‘'ื”ืŸ' โ€“ "ื”ืŸ ืœื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ืš ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืฉืžื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ื"7. ืžืฉื” ื”ืจืื” ืœืขื ืืช ื›ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”' ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื.
ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืจื“ ื•ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื—ืจื‘ ื—ื•ืชื›ืช, ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื’ื ืœื”ืžื™ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื” ืžื™ืชื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ 'ื”ืŸ'.
ืžืฉื” ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช 'ื”ืŸ'. ืžืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื’ืจืžื” ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช "ื›ื‘ื“ ืคื” ื•ื›ื‘ื“ ืœืฉื•ืŸ"8, ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ืืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืงืœื•ืฉ. ื›ืžื• ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช 'ื”ืŸ', ื’ื ืžืฉื” ืœื ืžืฆื ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ ื•ืคืจืฉ ืžืืฉืชื•. ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ืžืฉื” ืœื•ืžืจ "ื”ืŸ ืœื ื™ืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™", ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžืŸ ื”ืขื.
ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืฆืจื›ืช ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ื›ืขืช, ืžืฉื” ืžืคื ื” ืืช ืžืงื•ื ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืœื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช. ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืขื ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ โ€“ ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชื•ืš ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืจืฆื™ื•ืช.
ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื ืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ืœืš".
ืžืฉื” ื ืคืจื“ ืžื”ืขื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉืขื ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื•, ื›ืฉืœืขื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืื•ืชื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ืฉืืคื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืชื•, ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืคื™ืœื”.
ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืžืฉื” ืขืœ ื—ืฉืฉื• ื–ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื•.
ื ืคื™ืœื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ. ื›ืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉืœื‘ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื ืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ, ืืš ื”ื ืคื™ืœื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื.
ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืคืจื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื’ืช 'ื”ืŸ', ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื”ืŸ ืงืจื‘ื• ื™ืžื™ืš ืœืžื•ืช", ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืืจืฆื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืœื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ืœื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื ืคื™ืœื”.
ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื ืคื™ืœื”, ื”ืจืžื•ื–ื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื” "ื•ื™ืœืš", ื™ืฉื ื• ื’ื "ื ืฆื‘ื™ื". ื™ืฉื ื” ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ืžืฉืชื ื” โ€“ "ื•ื™ืชื™ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“". ื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ื›ื™ ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ืคื™ืœื” โ€“ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขื ืœื“ืจืš ื”' โ€“ "ืืชื ื ืฆื‘ื™ืโ€ฆ ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ื›ื".
ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื ื• ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ืขื ื”ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื ืคื™ืœื” ื•ืœืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื, ื™ืฉื ื• ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื, ื”ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื•ืœื ืœื ืคื™ืœื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื—"ื•.


1 ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœ"ื, ื™"ื“.
2 ืงื”ืœืช ื', ื“'.
3 ืฉืžื•ืช ื™"ื‘ ื›"ื•; ื™"ื’, ื—'; ื™", ื™"ื“.
4 ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื˜', ื•'.
5 ืฉื‘ืช ืœ"ื, ื‘'.
6 ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกืคืจ 'ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืœื™ื”ื•' ืขืœ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื "ืœ.
7 ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™', ื™"ื“.
8 ืฉืžื•ืช ื“', ื™'.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *