ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื”ืกืจืช ื”ืœื•ื˜ ืžืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืœื•ื˜

ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข >> ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช >> ื•ื™ืจื
ื”ืจื‘ ืชืžื™ืจ ื›ื”ืŸ
ื™ืดื‘ ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื•
 
15/10/2005

ื”ืกืจืช ื”ืœื•ื˜ ืžืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืœื•ื˜

ืฉื ื™ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช
ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืžืชืืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื”ืœื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื•ืžื‘ืฉืจื™ื ืœื• ื•ืœืฉืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื›ืขืช ื—ื™ื”. ืฉื ื™ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกื“ื•ื, ืžืชืืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืœื•ื˜, ืžืฉื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ืกื“ื•ื ื•ืžืฆื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืœื•ื˜ ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•. ื”ืื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื ื–ื“ืžื ื• ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืืœื• ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช ื‘ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช, ืื• ืฉืžื ื—ื•ื˜ ืงื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืกื“ื•ื ื•ื”ืฆืœืช ืœื•ื˜?
ื ืจืื” ืฉืืช ืงืฆื”ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืงื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื›ื ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื, ืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ื—. ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื:

ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืืฆืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื (ื™"ื—, ื-ื—)

 ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืืฆืœ ืœื•ื˜ (ื™"ื˜, ื-ื’)
ื•ึทื™ึผึตืจึธื ืึตืœึธื™ื• ื”' ื‘ึผึฐืึตืœึนื ึตื™ ืžึทืžึฐืจึตื
ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื™ึนืฉืึตื‘ ืคึผึถืชึทื— ื”ึธืึนื”ึถืœ ื›ึผึฐื—ึนื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื:

 ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึทืœึฐืึธื›ึดื™ื ืกึฐื“ึนืžึธื” ื‘ึผึธืขึถืจึถื‘
ื•ึฐืœื•ึนื˜ ื™ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึทืขึทืจ ืกึฐื“ึนื
ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ืขึตื™ื ึธื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึธื” ืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื ึดืฆึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื

 ื•ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื ืœื•ึนื˜
ื•ึทื™ึผึธืจึธืฅ ืœึดืงึฐืจึธืืชึธื ืžึดืคึผึถืชึทื— ื”ึธืึนื”ึถืœ

 ื•ึทื™ึผึธืงึธื ืœึดืงึฐืจึธืืชึธื
ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ื•ึผ ืึธืจึฐืฆึธื”:

 ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ื•ึผ ืึทืคึผึทื™ึดื ืึธืจึฐืฆึธื”:
ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึทืจ ืึฒื“ึนื ึธื™ ืึดื ื ึธื ืžึธืฆึธืืชึดื™ ื—ึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืขึตื™ื ึถื™ืšึธ
ืึทืœ ื ึธื ืชึทืขึฒื‘ึนืจ ืžึตืขึทืœ ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึถืšึธ:

 ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื”ึดื ึผึถื” ื ึผึธื ืึฒื“ึนื ึทื™
ืกื•ึผืจื•ึผ ื ึธื ืึถืœ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึฐื›ึถื
ื™ึปืงึผึทื— ื ึธื ืžึฐืขึทื˜ ืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืจึทื—ึฒืฆื•ึผ ืจึทื’ึฐืœึตื™ื›ึถื

 ื•ึฐืœึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืจึทื—ึฒืฆื•ึผ ืจึทื’ึฐืœึตื™ื›ึถื
ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉึผืึธืขึฒื ื•ึผ ืชึผึทื—ึทืช ื”ึธืขึตืฅ:
ื•ึฐืึถืงึฐื—ึธื” ืคึทืช ืœึถื—ึถื ื•ึฐืกึทืขึฒื“ื•ึผ ืœึดื‘ึผึฐื›ึถื
ืึทื—ึทืจ ืชึผึทืขึฒื‘ึนืจื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืขึฒื‘ึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ืขึทืœ ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึฐื›ึถื
ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืชึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึทืจึฐืชึผึธ:

 ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึทืžึฐืชึผึถื ื•ึทื”ึฒืœึทื›ึฐืชึผึถื ืœึฐื“ึทืจึฐื›ึผึฐื›ึถื
ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึผึนื ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึธืจึฐื—ื•ึนื‘ ื ึธืœึดื™ืŸ:
ื•ึทื™ึผึดืคึฐืฆึทืจ ื‘ึผึธื ืžึฐืึนื“ ื•ึทื™ึผึธืกึปืจื•ึผ ืึตืœึธื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื‘ึผึตื™ืชื•ึน
ื•ึทื™ึฐืžึทื”ึตืจ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ื”ึธืึนื”ึฑืœึธื” ืึถืœ ืฉื‚ึธืจึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืžึทื”ึฒืจึดื™ ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉื ืกึฐืึดื™ื ืงึถืžึทื— ืกึนืœึถืช ืœื•ึผืฉืึดื™ ื•ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ ืขึปื’ื•ึนืช:
ื•ึฐืึถืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืงึธืจ ืจึธืฅ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึทื— ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื‘ึผึธืงึธืจ ืจึทืšึฐ ื•ึธื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ืึถืœ ื”ึทื ึผึทืขึทืจ ื•ึทื™ึฐืžึทื”ึตืจ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืึนืชื•ึน:
ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึทื— ื—ึถืžึฐืึธื” ื•ึฐื—ึธืœึธื‘ ื•ึผื‘ึถืŸ ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืงึธืจ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืขึนืžึตื“ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืชึผึทื—ึทืช ื”ึธืขึตืฅ

 ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึทืฉื‚ ืœึธื”ึถื ืžึดืฉืึฐืชึผึถื” ื•ึผืžึทืฆึผื•ึนืช ืึธืคึธื”
ื•ึทื™ึผึนืื›ึตืœื•ึผ:

 ื•ึทื™ึผึนืื›ึตืœื•ึผ:

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื
ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื: ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืคืชื— ืื•ื”ืœื•, ืื•ื”ืœ ื”ื—ืกื“, ื•ืœื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืคืชื— ืฉืขืจ ืกื“ื•ื, ืžืงื•ื ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืจืฉืข ืฉืœ ืกื“ื•ื.
ืืฆืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืื™ื”: "ื•ื™ืฉื ืขื™ื ื™ื•", "ื•ื™ืจื"โ€ฆ "ื•ื™ืจื". ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื—ืคืฉ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ื•ืœืจืื™ื™ืชื• ื›ืžื” ืจื‘ื“ื™ื: ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืจืื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื”. ืœื•ื˜, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื.
ืื‘ืจื”ื ืจืฅ ืœืงืจืืชื, ื•ืœื•ื˜ ืจืง ืงื. ืžืื™ื“ืš, ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื” ืืจืฆื”, ื•ืœื•ื˜ ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื” ืืคื™ื™ื ืืจืฆื”. ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื‘ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืœื•ื˜ ื ืืžืจ: ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฉืขืจ ืกื“ื•ื, ืœื ื ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ. ืืš ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืชื™ืื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช ื™ืชื™ืจื”.
ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื: "ืื ื ื ืžืฆืืชื™ ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš", ืœืขื•ืžืช ืœื•ื˜ ืฉืžื›ืจื™ื– ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื”: "ื”ื ื” ื ื ืื“ื•ื ื™". ื•ืขื•ื“, ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืขื‘ืจื”: "ืืœ ื ื ืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืขืœ ืขื‘ื“ืšโ€ฆ ืื—ืจ ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืขื‘ืจืชื ืขืœ ืขื‘ื“ื›ื". ื•ืœื•ื˜: "ืกื•ืจื• ื ื ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืขื‘ื“ื›ื". ืืฆืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืกืจื™ื ืžื“ืจื›ื: ืื•ื”ืœื• ื ืžืฆื ืขืœ ืื ื”ื“ืจืš, ื•ื‘ืงืฉืชื• ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืฉืœื ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืื•ื”ืœื• ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืขื›ื‘ ืฉื ืงืžืขื”. ืืฆืœ ืœื•ื˜ ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืฉื”ืื•ืจื— ืขื•ื–ื‘ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื•ืจ ืืœื™ื•.
ืืžื ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื›ืš ืฉืืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื›ื—ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœืื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืืœ ืœื•ื˜ ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขืจื‘, ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ืœืœื•ืŸ. ืืš ืฉืžื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ื’ืื•ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื”ืคื’ื ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ืฉืœื•, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืœื ืฉื›ื— "ื’ื™ืจืกื ื“ื™ื ืงื•ืชื" ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ืœืขื•ืžืช ืขื ื•ื•ืชื ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ืจืง ืขืœ ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ืžื”. ืขื•ื“ ื ืœืžื“ ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข: ืื•ื”ืœื• ื ื™ืฆื‘ ืขืœ ืื ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื•ืฉื‘ ืžื•ื–ืžืŸ ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ืคืชื—ื•, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืชืืจื— ืืฆืœ ืœื•ื˜ ื™ืฉ ืœืกื•ืจ ืžืฉืขืจื” ืฉืœ ืกื“ื•ื ืขื™ืจ ื”ืจืฉืข, ื•ืœืขืงื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื•. ื›ืš ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื—ืกื“ ื•ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืื•ืจื—ื™ื.
ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืจื—ื™ืฆืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื, ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื•ืกืขื•ื“ื”. ืœื•ื˜ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืจื—ื™ืฆืช ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ื ื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืคืจืฉื™ื), ื•ืœื ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืกืขื•ื“ื”. ืื•ืœื™ ืœื•ื˜ ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื—ื•ืงื™ ืกื“ื•ื. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืœื™ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ืช ืกื“ื•ืโ€ฆ ื•ืฉืžื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืื™ืจื•ื—: ืืฆืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื ืขืฆืจื™ื ืœืžื ื•ื—ื” ื•ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืืฆืœ ืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืขืจื‘, ืœืœื™ื ื”. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืื‘ืจื”ื "ืื•ืžืจ ืžืขื˜ ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืจื‘ื”", ื•ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืžืื•ืžื”, ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขื˜, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื™ื“ ื ืจืื”.
ืืช ื”ืฆืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื, ื•ืœืœื•ื˜ ื”ื ืžืกืจื‘ื™ื. ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืชื• ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื” ื™ื™ืžืฆื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื ืฆืœ.
ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ: ืืฆืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืฉืง ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืื•ืจื—ื™ื. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืฉืชืฃ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ื”ื›ื ื•ืช: ืžื•ืจื” ืœืฉืจื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื•ื’ื•ืช, ืœื ืขืจ โ€“ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ืงืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœืฉืจืชื. ืืฃ ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืขืฉื™ืจ, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืืžื™ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ืช ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœืื•ืจื—ื™ื• ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื (ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืจืง ืœืจื—ื™ืฆืช ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื) ื•ืคืช ืœื—ื.
ืืฆืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื ื—ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื1:

ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ื• ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึฐืฆึทื•ึผึถื” ืึถืช ื‘ึผึธื ึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืชื•ึน ืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื”' ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜.

ืคืกื— ื”ื™ื”
ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื’ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ืกื•ืœืช, ื•ืœื•ื˜ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžืฆื•ืช. ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื›ืืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœืžื”ืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืกืคื™ืงื• ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืจื•ื—ื” ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื. ืืš ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืืฉืชื•. ืœื ืจืง ืฉืœื ืชืจืžื” ืžื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืืคื™ื™ืช ืขื•ื’ื•ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืœื— ืœื ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืขื™ืกื”, ื•ืœื•ื˜ ื ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืขืฉื•ืช: ืžืฆื•ืชโ€ฆ (ื•ืžืฉืชื”โ€ฆ)2:

ื‘ืื‘ืจื”ื ื›ืชื™ื‘: "ืœื•ืฉื™ ื•ืขืฉื™ ืขื•ื’ื•ืช", ืฉืืžื ื• ืฉืจื” ื˜ืจื—ื” ื•ืขืฉืชื” ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื›ืชื™ื‘: "ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืคื”", ืฉืืคื™' ืžืœื— ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ืœื•ื˜ ืœืคื ื™ื”ื:

ื•ืจืฉ"ื™ ืคื™ืจืฉ:

ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืคื” โ€“ ืคืกื— ื”ื™ื”:

ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ:

ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืคื”. ืฉื”ื™' ืœื™ืœ ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืคืกื— ื•ื”ื™' ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ืžืชื“ื›ื•ืช ื“ื•ืจื•3:

ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ืฉืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืž"ื˜ ืฉืขืจื™ ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื ื’ืืœื• ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื“ื ืคืกื— ื•ื“ื ืžื™ืœื”. ืฉืชื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ื”ืžืœืืš ืคืกื— ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื ื’ืฃ ืจืง ืืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื.
ื’ื ื›ืืŸ, ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื•ื˜ ืžื‘ืจืจืช ืžื” ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœืื ืฉื™ ืกื“ื•ื. ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช. ืื ืฉื™ ืกื“ื•ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืกื ื•ื•ืจื™ื (ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ืฉืš) ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืžืœืืš ื ื•ื’ืฃ ืืช ืกื“ื•ื, ื•ืœื•ื˜ ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื. ืœื•ื˜ ืžื’ื•ืจืฉ ืžืกื“ื•ื ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ืชืžื”ืžื”, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื’ื•ืจืฉื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืžื”ืžื”, ื•ื’ื ืฆื™ื“ื” ืœื ืขืฉื• ืœื”ื4.

ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื•ืœื•ื˜ ื”ืกื“ื•ืžื™
ืืฉืช ืœื•ื˜ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืœื•ื˜ ืžืื ืฉื™ ืกื“ื•ื, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื” ืœืื—ื•ืจื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื—ืจืฆื” ืืช ื’ื•ืจืœื” ื›ื’ื•ืจืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืกื“ื•ื.
ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื˜ ืžืื ืฉื™ ืกื“ื•ื, ืืœื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืœื•ื˜. ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื ืžื—ืคืฉ ืืช ืกื“ื•ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื ืœืžื•ื˜ื‘. ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื ืคืจื“ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืชืจื›ื– ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืื—ื“, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ. ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืชื‘ื•ื ืœื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื”, ืืœื ืžืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•ืžื•ืช ื›ึผึฐืœึตื‘ ื‘ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื.
ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื•ื ืžืชื‘ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืจืข. ืžืชื‘ืจืจ, ืฉื›ืฉื ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•.
ืœื•ื˜ ืืžื ื ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ื•ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืขืจื›ื”. ืืœื ืฉืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ื ืฉืืจืช ืืฆืœื• ื›ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืžืื‘ืจื”ื. ื”ื•ื ื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืื•ื•ื” ืœืžืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืกื“ื•ื. ืคืกื™ื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ืžื•ืชื™ืจื” ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื”ืจื—ืง ืžืžื ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืกื—ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื ืื—ืจื™ื• ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื. ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื•ื˜ ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื• ื•ืžื—ืจืฃ ื ืคืฉื• ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื•, ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืกื›ืžืชื• ื”ืžืคื•ืงืคืงืช ืœื”ืคืงื™ืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื•, ืคืจื™ ืžื•ืจืฉืชื” ืฉืœ ืกื“ื•ื ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื•.

ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืœื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืœืœื ืžื•ืฆื. ื–ืจืขื• ืื—ืจื™ื•, ื ื›ื“ื™ื•, ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ื•.

1 ื™"ื—, ื™ื˜.
2 ืฉื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ (ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ) ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคืจืง ื™ื˜, ื’).
3 ื”ืจื‘ ื›ืฉืจ (ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœืžื” ืื•ืช ื›"ื— ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ) ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื’ืจื•ืก: "ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื“ื•", ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ื—ื™ื ื›ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
4 ืงืฉืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ื™ืื” ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื™ืจื™ื—ื•, ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืชื•ื—ืžืช ืืช "ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ" ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ. ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉื‘ื”ื, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ: "ื˜ืจื ื™ืฉื›ื‘ื• ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืื ืฉื™ ืกื“ื•ื" โ€“ "ื•ื”ืžื” ื˜ืจื ื™ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ืขืœืชื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’". ืืฃ ืจื—ื‘ ืฆื•ึผื•ืชื” ืœื”ื™ืกื’ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื” ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื” ื•ืœืกืžืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ืช ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื•ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ืชื” ืœื›ืš ืขืœ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืฉืฉืœื— ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ืœื ื”ืกื’ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื. ื™ืจื™ื—ื• ื ื›ื‘ืฉื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืคืกื—.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *