ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ โ€“ ืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜

ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื‘ื–ืง
ื™ืดื– ื‘ืื“ืจ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื‘
 
01/03/2002

ืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜

ืžืฉื ื” ื‘:

ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื™ื™ืจื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ:
ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืขืœ ื’ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืกื“ื™ื.

ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื˜

ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืจื™ืื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืขืจืขืจืช ืžืฉื ื” ื–ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื‘ื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™: ื›ืกืฃ, ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง, ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•. ื‘ืขืฆื, ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื, ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช, ืžืขืจืš ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื›ื•'. ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ืžื™ืŸ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืจื•ื“ืคื™ื ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™.
ื‘ืื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ ื•ืžืžืงื“ื™ื ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜: ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™. ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืกืงื™ืจื” ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ืช.
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื™ื“ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืจืกื” ื”ืžืจื™ืฅ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืืจื™ื, ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื– ืœื’ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืกื“ื™ื. ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžืฆืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืจืื™ื ืื—ืจืช ืœื’ืžืจื™.
ืžื‘ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืกื•ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ื—ื–"ืœ ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื ืœื”ืชืจื’ืฉ ืžื”ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™. ื™ืฉื ื” ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื•ืจื•ืขืฉืช, ื•ื™ืฉื ื” ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื“ืžืžื” ื“ืงื”. ื•ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื–ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœืื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืžื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช.
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืžืฉืœ ืื“ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื•ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืจื‘ื” โ€“ ืืฃ ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ื–ืืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื—ื–ืง ืฉื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืคื™ ื›ืžื”.
ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžื•ื—ื• ื•ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื โ€“ ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื.
ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ื•ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื•ืช.

ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื

"ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ืžื“":
ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื. ื’ื ื›ื™ืกื ืฆืจื™ืš ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช.
ื›ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”.

ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ืช. ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื”ืžืฉืš. ื”ืขื•ืœื ื—ื™ ื•ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื•ืจื’ืข, ื•ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืงื™ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื. ื—ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ืื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื“ืจืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื, ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื•, ื•ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื•. ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ื“ืจืš ืื•ืชื ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื.
ื•ืžืžื™ืœื, ืื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื โ€“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืชื•ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื”ื•.

ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืื™ืŸ ืœืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื’ืœืงืกื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื. ื•ืžืžื™ืœื, ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืื“ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™?
ืื•ืœื ื”ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช.

ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื•ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื’ืขื•ืŸ ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื, ืื•ืœื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ืื ื• ืื›ืŸ ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื–ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื‘'ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื' ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื’'ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคื ื™ื ืœืฉื ืื™ื ื ื• ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืื• ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข.
ื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉ'ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืกืชื ืขื•ื“ ืื“ืžื”. ื™ืฉ ืžื‘ื˜ ืื—ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืžืฉื ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ, ืื•ืœื ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช.
ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื‘ืจื ืœืฉื ืžื’ืžื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช, ื•ืื ื”ืื“ื ืœื ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืคื™ ืื•ืชื” ืžื’ืžื” โ€“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ืœ. ืืžื ื ื”ื’ืœืงืกื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืคื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ื”ืžื“ื“ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™.

ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช

ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™?
ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืง ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ื”ืื“ื ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื• ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืื“ื?
ืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ื ืฉืืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื‘ืœ. ืื•ืชื• ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉื™ื ืœืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื•ื’ื ืฉื ื˜ืขื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง. ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืคืœ ืื“ื ืžื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืฆื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื“ื ืื—ืจ ืชื—ืชื™ื•, ืื•ืœื ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื•ืคืœืช ืœื‘ื ื” โ€“ ื”ืขืฆื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืจื‘, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืชืขื›ื‘ื”.
ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืจืื™ื”: ืžื™ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–?
ื”ืื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ืื• ื˜ื•ื—ื ืช ืื•ืชื• ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื• ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ ื’ืœื ืœืžื˜ืจืชื”? ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื• ืœื ืฉื•ื ืื• ืžืจื™ืฆื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ืœื•ืš ื•ืฉื•ื‘? ื”ืื ื”ืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืื• ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื?
ืžื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื‘ืœ ื”ืคืš ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืฉืื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื• โ€“ ื›ื— ืื“ื (ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื“ื•ืžื”: ื›ื— ืกื•ืกโ€ฆ). ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืžื ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืœืžืขืจื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉืžืงื˜ื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืžืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื‘ื•ืœืข ืื•ืชื•.
ื”ืื“ื ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืชืจื’ืœ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžื‘ื˜ื• ืœืคื™ ืงืจื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื“ื™ื•, ื•ืœืขื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื” ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืžืฉืชืœื˜ื™ื ื•ื ืขืฉื™ื ืžืœื›ื™ื. ื•ื ื’ื“ ื–ื” ื‘ืื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ ื•ืžื™ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืžื‘ื˜ื ื• โ€“ 'ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ืžื“'.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *