ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื’ืณ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
15/08/1980

ืชื•ืจืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื. ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช.

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ: ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืžืชื‘ืืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื›ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ืชืคืจื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืื—ื“. ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืœ"ื—ื›ืžื”, ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื“ืขืช" ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืฃ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช.

ืื—ืช ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช. ืื ื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ: ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื”ื’ื“ื”, ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืœืœ. ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืจ, ื”ืื ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื ืชืงื ื• ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ, ืื• ืฉื–ื• ืชืงื ื” ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืขืฆืžื”, ืฉื”ืกืžื™ื›ื•ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ? ืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ, ื ื ืกื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืชืงื ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช.

ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจื‘ื โ€“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช
ื”ื’ืžืจื ื“ื ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืง"ื— ืข"ื‘):

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืžื–ื™ื’ืช ื›ื•ืก ื™ืคื”. ืฉืชืืŸ ื—ื™ ื™ืฆื, ืฉืชืืŸ ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื™ืฆื, ื”ืฉืงื” ืžื”ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื™ืฆื. "ืฉืชืืŸ ื—ื™ ื™ืฆื", ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ืฆื. "ืฉืชืืŸ ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช", (ืจื‘ ืืžืจ)1 ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืœื ื™ืฆื.

ืจื‘ื ืžื‘ืืจ, ื›ื™ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ "ื™ืฆื", ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืžืฆื•ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ืืš ื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ. ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, "ื“ื™ื ื™ื" ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ื•ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืจื‘ื "ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื™ื ื™ื" ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช. ื”ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆื ื. ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ. ื‘. ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ื’. ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช. ื’ื“ืจื ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ืชื‘ืืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช (ืงื™"ื– ืข"ื‘):

ืžืฉื ื”. ืžื–ื’ื• ืœื• ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•โ€ฆ
ื’ืžืจื. ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืจื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ืœืจื‘ื ืฉืžืข ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื ื” ื›ื•ืก, ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืืจื‘ืข ื›ืกื™ ืชื™ืงื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื—ื“ ื•ื—ื“ ื ืขื‘ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื”.

ืจื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ืจืฆื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ื”ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืžื•ื–ื’ื™ื ืœื• ื›ื•ืก ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืก. ืจื‘ื ื“ื—ื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืชืงื ื• ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืžื™ื›ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื’ื™ื ืœื• ื›ื•ืก ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ืœื ืชืงื ื• ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื›ื•ืก.
ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื›ืืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ืœืงื™ื, ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื“ืจื™ื ืฉืžื ื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ: ื. ืืจื‘ืข ื›ืกื™ ืชืงื™ื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ื‘. ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ื’. ื›ืœ ื—ื“ ื•ื—ื“ ื ืขื‘ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื”.
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืื ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื”ื: ื. ืขืฆื ื”ืชืงื ื” ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช. ื‘. ืฉืชื™ื™ืชื ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ื’. ืฉืชื™ื™ืชื ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ: ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ืžื’ื™ื“, ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืœืœ.
ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื” ื ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆื ื”ืชืงื ื” ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื” ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ. ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจืื”, ื—ื•ืจื–ืช ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื–ื• ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืชืงืฉื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ "ืฉืœื‘ื™ื" ื‘ืชืงื ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช2. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ืชืงื ื” ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช. ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช, ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ืœืงื™ื. ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืคืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืœืืจื‘ืข ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช. ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืžืชืคืจื˜ ืœืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช, ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื•ืชื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ. ืœื›ืœ ื›ื•ืก ื™ืฉ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืชื•ืชื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืก ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืขืฆืžื”.
ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื” ืจื‘ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ? ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืฉื•ืชื” ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื™ืฆื. ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืจื‘ื ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ "ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ" ืœ"ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช"? ื ืจืื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืจื‘ื ืขืžื“ ืžืงื•ืจ ืžืžื ื• ืœืžื“ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช. ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.

ืกื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™
ื ื—ืœืงื• ืืžื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืค"ื™ ื”"ื) ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ืชืงื ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช:

ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืืจื‘ืขื” ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืข ื’ืื•ืœื•ืช, "ืœื›ืŸ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื ื™ ื”' ื•ื”ื•ืฆืืชื™ ืืชื›ื ื•ื’ื•' ื•ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืชื›ื ืœื™ ืœืขื ื•ื’ื•'", ื•ื”ื•ืฆืืชื™ ื•ื”ืฆืœืชื™ ื•ื’ืืœืชื™ ื•ืœืงื—ืชื™. ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจืขื”, "ื•ื›ื•ืก ืคืจืขื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืืฉื—ื˜ ืื•ืชื ืืœ ื›ื•ืก ืคืจืขื” ื•ืืชืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืก ืขืœ ื™ื“ ืคืจืขื” ื•ื ืชืช ื›ื•ืก ืคืจืขื” ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื•ื’ื•'". ืจื‘ื™ ืœื•ื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืข ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช. ื•ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืืžืจื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ืฉืงื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, "ื›ื™ ื›ื” ืืžืจ ื”' ืืœืงื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœื™ ืงื— ืืช ื›ื•ืก ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ืžื” ื•ื’ื•'", "ื›ื•ืก ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ ื”'", "ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืก ื‘ื™ื“ ื”'", "ื™ืžื˜ืจ ืขืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื ืคื—ื™ื ืืฉ ื•ื’ืคืจื™ืช ื•ืจื•ื— ื–ืœืขืคื•ืช ืžื ืช ื›ื•ืกื'".

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™. ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ, ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืžืืจื‘ืข ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื’ืื•ืœื”, ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืจื‘ืข ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช, ื”ืžืชื—ืœืงืช ืœืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ืœืงื™ื. ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื, ื•ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืžื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื”. ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืื—ื“.
ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™, ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืžืืจื‘ืข ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื›ื•ืก", ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืขืฆืžื”, ืืœื ืฉืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืงื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.
ืขืœ ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื’ื ืžื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืฉื):
ืžื”ื• ืœืฉืชื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื›ืจืš ืื—ื“, ืžืŸ ืžื” ื“ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื”ืœืœ ืื ืฉืžืขืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฆื, ื”ื“ื ืืžืจื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืชื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืจืš ืื—ื“ ื™ืฆื.
ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืœืœ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืคื•ื˜ืจ ืžืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืœืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืก. ืžื›ืืŸ ืœื•ืžื“ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืชื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื›ืจืš ืื—ื“, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจืฆืฃ, ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจืง, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืœืœ ื’ื ื‘ืœื ื›ื•ืก, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืชื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื›ืจืš ืื—ื“ ื•ืœื ืœื—ืœืงืŸ ืœื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื ืจืื” ืฉืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืœื•ืžื“ ืฉืืจื‘ืข ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœื”ื, ื•ืœื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืชื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืจืฆืฃ, ื•ืœืฆืืช ื‘ื›ืš ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช.
ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื–ื”ื”, ืื ื›ืŸ, ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื“ืจื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ: ื”ืื ืชืงื ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื ื™ืชืงื ื” ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ, ื›ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช: ื›ื•ืก ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื›ื•ืก ืฉื ื™ื” ืขืœ 'ืžื’ื™ื“', ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื•ืก ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœืœ (ื›ื“ืขืช ืจื™ื‘"ืœ), ืื• ืฉืชืงื ื• ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ื•ืงื (ื›ื“ืขืช ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ).
ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ืžืื—ื“ืช ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™, ื•ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช: ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืชืงื ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ื•ืงื™ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืžืคืจื“ื•ืช.

ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืชืคืจื˜ ืœืืจื‘ืข
ื“ืจืš ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ื‘ื ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื”ืžืชื‘ืืจืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœื”ื’ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคืกื— (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื ื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืขืž' ืœ'):

โ€ฆืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืงื” ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื“ืœ ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ืขื ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืกืชืจ ืœืฉื. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• "ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืกื•ื“ ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื™ื, ื ื›ื ืก ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื ืกื•ื“". ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื”ื•ื ื›ืš ืฉื ื›ื ืก ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืฆื ืกื•ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืงื” ื ืกืชืจ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ืกืชืจ ื”ืขื ื‘ ื•ืžืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื‘, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื ืกืชืจ ื•ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื‘ ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืกื•ื“, ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืกืชืจ. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื›ื ืก ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื“ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืกื•ื“ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืขื“ ื”ื ืกืชืจ ื›ืคื™ ืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ืื•. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™, ื•ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื ื‘ื“ืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžื—ื•ืœืง ืœืืจื‘ืข, ื›ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืงื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ืืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืจื‘ืข ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืœื”. ื•ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”: "ื•ื ื”ืจ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืขื“ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ืŸ ื•ืžืฉื ื™ืคืจื“ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœืืจื‘ืขื” ืจืืฉื™ื", ืฉืžื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœืš ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ื ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื ื‘ื“ืœ ื›ืžื• ื”ื ื”ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืขื“ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืงื•ืช ื”ื’ืŸ, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื™ืคืจื“ ืœืืจื‘ืขื” ืจืืฉื™ื, ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ื ื’ื“ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื•ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™.

ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื”ื ื”ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืขื“ืŸ, ืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ื”ืžืชืคืจื˜ืช ืœืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื™, ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™. ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ื’ื ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ื•, ื•ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ืชื• ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื™, ื‘ืขืช ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืจื˜ ืœืืจื‘ืข ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ืš ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ืžืงื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืื—ื“, ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืื ื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืก ื‘ื ืคืจื“.

ื ืจืื”, ืฉื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืง "ืขืจื‘ื™ ืคืกื—ื™ื" ื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืฃ ื”ืŸ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช "ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช":

ื. ื•ืœื ื™ืคื—ืชื• ืœื• ืžืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ื™.
ื‘. ืžื–ื’ื• ืœื• ื›ื•ืก ืจืืฉื•ืŸโ€ฆ ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ.
ื“. ืžื–ื’ื• ืœื• ื›ื•ืก ืฉื ื™ ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืืœ ืื‘ื™ื•โ€ฆ
ื–. ืžื–ื’ื• ืœื• ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•,
ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื’ื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืœืœโ€ฆ

ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ื” ื' ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืคืจืง ื‘ื•ืœื˜: ืžืฉื ื” ื' ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช. ื’ื‘ืื™ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ื”ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืจืง, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืœืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช, ืฉื ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ.
ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืขื™ืงืจ3, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ, ื•ืœื ื”ื”ืชืคืจื˜ื•ืช ืœืืจื‘ืข. ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืจืง ื›ืขื™ืงืจ, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชืงื ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืจื‘ื ืžืื—ื“ ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช, ื•ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช, ื–ื• ืœืฆื“ ื–ื•.

ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื›ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืžืื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื”ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ืคืจื“ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ื ื”ืจ ื–ื•ืจื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืœืžื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื”ืจ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืขื“ืŸ, ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื”ืžืชืคืจื˜ืช ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ืชื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื™.
ืื ื• ื ืคื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื โ€“ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื•. ืื•ืœื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืจื“ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืช. ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื. ืืฃ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื–ื•. ืื ื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช, ื•ื–ื• ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืžืขืฉื™ืช. ืื•ืœื ืžืœืžื“ืชื ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืคื•ืชื—ืช ืืช ื”ืคืจืง, ื›ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชืงื ื” ืื—ืช, ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช, ืฉืจืง ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขืชื” ื”ืžืขืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื›ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”. ื–ื”ื• ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ืขื ื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
ื. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืžืชื‘ืืจืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืžื–ื™ื’ืช ื›ื•ืก ื™ืคื”. ืฉืชืืŸ ื—ื™ ื™ืฆื, ืฉืชืืŸ ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื™ืฆื, ื”ืฉืงื” ืžื”ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื™ืฆื. "ืฉืชืืŸ ื—ื™ ื™ืฆื", ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื, ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ืฆื. "ืฉืชืืŸ ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช", ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื, ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืœื ื™ืฆื.

ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™:

ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช โ€“ ืขื™ืจื” ืืจื‘ืขืชืŸ ืœืชื•ืš ื›ื•ืก ืื—ื“. ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื โ€“ ืฉืฉืชื” ื“' ื›ื•ืกื•ืช.

ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื“"ื” "ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช" ืžืงืฉื” ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื (ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื“"ื” "ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช"):

ื•ืœื ื ื”ื™ืจื, ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื•ืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืืœื ื›ื•ืก ืื—ื“, ื“ื”ืื™ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืœืžืขื•ื˜ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืื‘ืœ ื˜ืคื™ ืžืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืก ืื—ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื•ืก ืื—ื“, ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื“ื”ื›ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, "ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช" โ€“ ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ืžืฉื ืชื™ื ื• ืืœื ืฉืชืืŸ ืจืฆื•ืคื™ืŸ.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื“ื ืฉืขื™ืจื” ืืช ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืก ืื—ืช ื•ืฉืชืืŸ, ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช "ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช", ื”ืจื™ ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉืชื™ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ื”?
ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืชื‘ืืจืช ืœืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•. ื”ืฉื•ืชื” ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ืืš ืœื ืฉืชื” ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืœืงื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืฉื•ืชื” ื›ืš ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื', ื•ืœื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ืฉืืจ ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจืง4.

ื‘. ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“ (ื›ืจืš ื—' ืขืž' 474)5, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืชืงื ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืžืฆืื ื• ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™. ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืคื•ืชื—ืช ืืช ื”ืคืจืง ื ืืžืจ:

ื•ืœื ื™ืคื—ืชื• ืœื• ืžืืจื‘ืขื” ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืืคืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ื™.

ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉื ืจืฉ"ื™ (ืฆ"ื˜ ืข"ื‘):

ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช โ€“ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื "ื•ื”ื•ืฆืืชื™ ืืชื›ื", "ื•ื”ืฆืœืชื™ ืืชื›ื", "ื•ื’ืืœืชื™ ืืชื›ื", "ื•ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืชื›ื" ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื•ืืจื.

ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืจืง (ืง"ื— ืข"ื), ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื:

ื•ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืฉืืฃ ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ืก.

ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™:

ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช โ€“ ืฉืœืฉื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื’' ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” "ื›ื•ืก ืคืจืขื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื’ื•ืžืจ", ื•ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ื™ืชื‘ืืจ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ. ืจืฉ"ื™ ื ืชืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื˜ืขื ืœืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื. ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืžื‘ื˜ืืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจื ื•, ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืื—ืช ืฉื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืฉ"ื™ ืืช ื˜ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, "ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืข ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื’ืื•ืœื”", ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื•. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืชื—ืช ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื (ืง"ื— ืข"ื)6, ื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืฉ"ื™ ื˜ืขื ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืชื—ืœืงืช ืฉื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž' ื”ืื•ืžืจืช (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฆ"ื‘ ืข"ื):

ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื: ืฉืœืฉื” ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืžื”, ืื—ื“ ืฉืฉืชื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืฉื”, ื•ืื—ื“ ืฉืฉืชื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืคืจืขื” ื ื›ื”, ื•ืื—ื“ ืฉืขืชื™ื“ื” ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื.

ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื ืืžืจื• ืฉืœืฉ ื›ื•ืกื•ืช7, ื•ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื” ื›ื•ืก ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช โ€“ ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ8.

ื’. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืจืง (ืง"ื˜ ืข"ื‘) ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื, ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” "ื•ืœื ื™ืคื—ืชื• ืœื• ืžืืจื‘ืขื” ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื•ื›ื•'":

ื”ื™ื›ื™ ืžืชืงื ื™ ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื“ืืชื™ ื‘ื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ืกื›ื ื”, ื•ื”ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื™ืื›ืœ ืื“ื ืชืจื™ ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืชื” ืชืจื™ ื•ืœื ื™ืงื ื— ืชืจื™ ื•ืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืชืจื™, ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืืžืจ ืงืจื "ืœื™ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจื™ื", ืœื™ืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ ื•ื‘ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ. ืจื‘ื ืืžืจ ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืจืขื”. ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืืžืจ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื›ืกื™ ืชืงื™ื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื—ื“ ื•ื—ื“ ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืืคื™ ื ืคืฉื” ื”ื•ื.

ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื•ืืœืช, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชื™ืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ, ื•ื”ืจื™ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘"ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช" ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื–ื™ืง? ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช. ืจ' ื ื—ืžืŸ ืื•ืžืจ, ืฉืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืžืฉื•ืžืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ื‘ื• ืœื–ื•ื’ื•ืช. ืจื‘ื ืื•ืžืจ, ืฉื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื‘ืจื›ื”, ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืœื ืœืจืขื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ "ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช". ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืžื‘ืืจ, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืก ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ื›ืœืœ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื–ื•.
ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื: "ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืจืขื”", ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ"ื™:

ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™.

ื•ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืก ืชื™ืงื ื•: "ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื›ืฆ"ืœ", ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื”ืžืคืจืฉ ื›ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ. ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื–ื”. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืžื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ืš ื‘ืจืฉ"ื™, ื•ืขื•ื“, ืžื” ื‘ื ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื, ื”ืจื™ ืžืฉื ื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื™ื, ื•ืžื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื ื–ื•?!
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืš ืฉื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžืฆื“ ืกื“ืจ ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ืืœื ืžืฆื“ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืชืงื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช. ื”ืฉืืœื” ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื”ื™ื, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื›ืœื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ืขื•ื ื” ืจื‘ื, ืฉืฉืœื•ืฉ ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคืกื•ืง, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื•ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืคืกื•ืง, ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื–ืง ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช.

ื“. ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืจืง (ืงื™"ื– ืข"ื‘):

ืžืฉื ื”. ืžื–ื’ื• ืœื• ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•โ€ฆ
ื’ืžืจื. ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืจื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ืœืจื‘ื ืฉืžืข ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื ื” ื›ื•ืก, ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืืจื‘ืข ื›ืกื™ ืชื™ืงื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื—ื“ ื•ื—ื“ ื ืขื‘ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื”.

ืจ' ื—ื ืŸ ืจืฆื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืก, ื•ืจื‘ื ืขื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืก ืžืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฆื•ื”, ืืš ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืžืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื•ืงืฉื”, ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ืช "ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช" ืœืขื™ืœ ืœื ืชื™ืจืฅ ืจื‘ื ื›ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืฉืืžืจ: "ืืจื‘ืข ื›ืกื™ ืชืงื™ื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ืœ ื—ื“ ื•ื—ื“ ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืืคื™ ื ืคืฉื”". ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ืืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืจื‘ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื?
ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืงืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืœืจื‘ื ืžืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื.
ืจื‘ื™ื ื, ืฉืืžืจ: "ื›ืœ ื—ื“ ื•ื—ื“ ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืืคื™ ื ืคืฉื”" ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™, ืฉื”ืชืงื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช. ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ืืœื ืชื•ืงื ื• ืืจื‘ืข ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืก ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืชื™ื™ืช "ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช", ืืœื ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื›ื•ืก ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ืœืื—ืจื™ื” ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ "ืžื’ื™ื“", ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”. ืจื‘ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืš, ืืœื ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืชืงื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืชืคืจื˜ ืœืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช. ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช, ืืœื ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืœืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ื•ืก ื–ื• ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืจืง ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืœืฉืืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืก ืœื ืชื•ืงื ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืืœื ื ืกืžื›ื” ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืงื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช: "ื›ืœ ื—ื“ ื•ื—ื“ ื ืขื‘ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื”" โ€“ ืื ื• ืžืกืžื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืก ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืœืจื‘ื™ืขื™
ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื, ืฉืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคืกื•ืง, ื•ื›ื•ืก ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉืœื•ืฉ, ืืš ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืฉืžืืœ ื•ืืžืฆืข, ื•ื”ืืžืฆืข ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืžืืœ, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืืจื‘ืข ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช. ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข, ื•ื ื‘ืืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืคืจื™ ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื" (ืขืœ ืคืกื—) ืœืจ' ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื˜ืืœ ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ืขื ื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช. ื›ื•ืก ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”. ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื ืงืจืืช "ืงื•ื“ืฉ", ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื›ื•ืก ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ืกืžื›ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ. ื›ื•ืก ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืฉืขืจ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื. ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืขื ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืคืขื, ื•ืงืฉื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื›ื•ืก ืฉื ื™ื” ื ืกืžื›ืช ืœืืžื™ืจืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ื” ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ื•ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช. ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ืขืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืžืฉื ื”: "ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืœืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืœื ื™ืฉืชื”", ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื“ืขืช, ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืžื”ืŸ.
ื—ื›ืžื”, ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ื "ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื”ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข", ื›ื™ ื”ื“ืขืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช. ืืฃ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ืŸ, ื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืฉืœ "ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื”ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข".

ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื”, ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื”ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข, ืืฃ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื ื”. ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื ื”ืจื•ืช (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘', ื™'-ื™"ื“) ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืœืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื ื”ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•:

ื•ื ื”ืจ ื™ืฆื ืžืขื“ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ืŸ ื•ืžืฉื ื™ืคืจื“ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœืืจื‘ืขื” ืจืืฉื™ื.
ืฉื ื”ืื—ื“ ืคื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืกึนื‘ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ื”ื—ื•ื™ืœื”โ€ฆ
ื•ืฉื ื”ื ื”ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื’ื™ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ื›ื•ืฉ.
ื•ืฉื ื”ื ื”ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื—ื“ืงืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ึนืœืš ืงื“ืžืช ืืฉื•ืจ
ื•ื”ื ื”ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื•ื ืคืจืช.

ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืœืขืฆืžื ื•ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜, ื”ื ื”ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื ืกืžืš ืœืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•9.

ืืฃ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืฉืกื™ื“ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืง "ืขืจื‘ื™ ืคืกื—ื™ื" ื ื™ื›ืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”:

ื•ืœื ื™ืคื—ืชื• ืœื• ืžืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืŸโ€ฆ
ืžื–ื’ื• ืœื• ื›ื•ืก ืจืืฉื•ืŸโ€ฆ ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
ืžื–ื’ื• ืœื• ื›ื•ืก ืฉื ื™, ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืืœ ืื‘ื™ื•โ€ฆ
ืžื–ื’ื• ืœื• ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•,
ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื’ื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืœืœโ€ฆ

ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื ื”ืจื•ืช, ื ืกืžื›ืช ื”ื›ื•ืก ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืœื›ื•ืก ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืื™ื ื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”.
ื‘"ืคืจื™ ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื" ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” (ืค"ื™ ืž"ื–):

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื™ืฉืชื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืœืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืœื ื™ืฉืชื”.

ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื›ื•ืก ืื—ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจืŸ ืฉื ืชื—ืœืงื” ืœืฉืชื™ ื›ื•ืกื•ืช. ื ืจืื”, ืฉืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืค"ื’ ื”"ื”) ืฉืงืฉืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืœืืจื‘ืข ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช:

ืžืฉื ื”. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื–ื›ื•ืจ, ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื”, ื‘ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœื›ื.
ื’ืžืจื. โ€ฆืจ' ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ื—ืžื ื‘ืจ ื—ื ื™ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจื” ืœื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืืžืจ ืจ' ืœื•ื™ ืกื™ืžื ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืœื™ืŸ ืคืจืฉืชื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืื ืจืฆื” ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื™ืฉืชื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืœืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืœื ื™ืฉืชื”.

ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืงืจืื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื“ืจ ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจืฉื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, "ืฉืงืœื™ื", ืœืคืจืฉื” ืฉื ื™ื”, "ื–ื›ื•ืจ", ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืœืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, "ืคืจื”", ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืกืงื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจืฉื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ืคืจืฉืช "ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ", ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืงื•ืจืืŸ ื‘ืจืฆืฃ. ืจ' ืœื•ื™ ืงื•ืฉืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ืฉืืฃ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ืฉืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ืžืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช.
ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ "ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื”ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข", ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื ื”ืจื•ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจื ื•, ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื•ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.


 

 

1 ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืก: "ื‘ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื‘ืจื"ืฉ ืœื™ืชื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ ืืžืจ", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื’ื ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ืจืก ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื—ื ื ืืœ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ. ืœืงืžืŸ ื ืจืื” ืฉืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืคืจืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื‘ื ืชื• ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจื‘ื ื‘ื›ืœืœื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืจื‘, ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ืืœ, ื™ืคืจืฉ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉื ืืžืจื• ืžืคื™ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•.
2 ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช, ื”ืชืงื ื” ื ืชืงื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื, ืืœื ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืชืงื ื” ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื.
3 ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื•ืœื ื™ืคื—ืชื•" ื›ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื›ืžื• "ืžื–ื’ื• ืœื•" ื•ื›ื“ื•' ืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืจืง, ื•ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืžื•ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช.
4 ืฉืืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื–ื• ืžืชื‘ืืจืช ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื" ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื. ืจืฉ"ื™ ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืจืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช, ื•ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืจืง ืœืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื: "ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื, ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืœื ื™ืฆื", ื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื" ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™: "ืฉืฉืชื” ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช". ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืื ื›ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ืœืžื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื™ืฆื "ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ" (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื• "ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ โ€“ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื—ืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘"). ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ื ืจืื”, ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™: "ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื โ€“ ืฉืฉืชื” ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช" ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื: ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื™ืฆื, ืืš "ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ืช" ืื• ื™ื“ื™ "ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช" โ€“ ืžื—ื•ืœืงื•ืช ื•ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช โ€“ ืœื ื™ืฆื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืฉืชืืŸ ื—ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืฉืชืืŸ ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช.
5 ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ืฉืชื™ืจืฅ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ืง. ื›ืŸ ืงืฉื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื“ืฃ ืง"ื— ืข"ื ืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืฉื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืœืžื“ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืžื”ืคืกื•ืง, ื•ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœืžื“ ืจืง ืฉืœืฉ ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืžื”ืคืกื•ืง. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช.
6 ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื ื”ื•ื "ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช" ื•ืœื "ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช" ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื’ืžืจื, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื–ื• ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™.
7 ื”ื›ื•ืก ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื‘ื, ื•ืขื™' ืžื”ืจื–"ื• ืœื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ืค"ื—, ื”', ืขืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื.
8 ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื•ื”ืืจื‘ืข ื™ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ืคืจืง "ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืœืจื‘ื™ืขื™" ืœืงืžืŸ.
9 ืขื™' ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืž"ื– ืข"ื‘ ื•ื‘ืจืฉ"ื™, ืฉื ื”ืจ ืคืจืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื‘ื›ื•ืœื, ื•ืจืง ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืชื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื•ืชื•.

 

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *