ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

"ืขื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื”"

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื’ืณ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
15/08/1980

ืชื•ืจืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื. ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉืื™ื ื ื” ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ืช.

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ: ืœืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื–ืงืง ืœืฆื“ืงื” ืžืœืžื“ืช ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืื ื–ื• ืฉืืœื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ืช ืื• ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจื”.

ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœืงื˜ ืฉื›ื—ื” ื•ืคืื” ื•ืžืขืฉืจ ืขื ื™ โ€“ ื™ื˜ื•ืœ, ื•ื›ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื™ืฉืœื, ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ. ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืขื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” (ืคืื” ืค"ื” ืž"ื“).

ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื–ื•, ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™. ื›ื ื’ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ: "ืœื ื™ืฉืœื". ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ: "ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™". ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื–ื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ื–ื•, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืœื”ืขืžืงื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื.

ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื“ืงื”
ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื“ื‘"ื– ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ื—"ื‘ ืกื™' ืชืฉื™"ื“):

ืฉืืœืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืกืžื›ื• ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืžืงื”ืœ ืืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื˜ืจืฃ ืœื‘ื™ืชื, ืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชื ื• ืœื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืจื›ืŸ ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืœืฃ ื–ื•ื– ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ืœื• ื•ืœื•ืงื— ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืจ, ื•ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืืชื™ื ื–ื•ื– ืœื ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœืงื˜ ืฉื›ื—ื” ื•ืคืื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื–"ืœ.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ืกืžื›ื• ืœื”ื ืขืœื” ื“ื”ื ื“ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืŸ ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืืชื™ื ื–ื•ื– ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœื• ื‘ืคืขื ืื—ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืืœืฃ ื–ื•ื– ื ื•ื˜ืœืŸ, ืืฃ ื”ื›ื ื ืžื™ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืœื” ืœืืจืฅ ืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืจืฃ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ื›ืœ ื ืงืจื ืคืขื ืื—ืช, ื“ืื™ ืœื ืชื™ืžื ื”ื›ื™ ืฉื ืชื ื• ืœื• ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืคื’ืข ืžืืชื™ื ื–ื•ื–, ืื ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื•ืœื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื•ื“ ืœื‘ื™ืชื•, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืœื• ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื™ืื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ืžื™ื“ ื•ื ืžืฆื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื—ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืงื—ืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืœื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืชื•. ืขื•ื“ ืื™ื›ื ื˜ืขืžื ืื—ืจื™ื ื ื“ืœื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืืชื™ื ื–ื•ื– ืœื ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืงื” ืื• ืžื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืฆื“ืงื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืขื ื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื ื™ ืื—ืจ ื•ื ืžืฆื ื’ื•ื–ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืืชื™ื ื–ื•ื– ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื–ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืคืจื ืกืช ืืฉืชื• ื•ื‘ื ื™ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืžืชื ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืฆื“ืงื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื“ืฉ. ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื’ื‘ืื™ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืฉืœื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ื ืžืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืงื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืืชื™ื ื–ื•ื– ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืืชื™ื ื–ื•ื– ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืงื” ืžืขื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ืจืฆื• ื”ื’ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืชื ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื“ืงื“ืงื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ื—ืงื• ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ.

ื”ืจื“ื‘"ื– ื ืฉืืœ, ื”ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื“ื ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืžืกืข ืฆื“ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืืชื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื–, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” (ืคืื” ืค"ื— ืž"ื—):

ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืืชื™ื ื–ื•ื–, ืœื ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœืงื˜ ืฉื›ื—ื” ื•ืคืื” ื•ืžืขืฉืจ ืขื ื™. ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืžืืชื™ื ื—ืกืจ ื“ื™ื ืจ, ืืคืœื• ืืœืฃ ื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืื—ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื™ื˜ื•ืœ.

ืฉืชื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื ื” ื”ืจื“ื‘"ื–: ื. ื›ืœ ืžืกืข ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื ืชื™ื ื” ืื—ืช, ื•ื‘ื ืชื™ื ื” ืื—ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื’ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืœืฃ ื–ื•ื–. ื‘. ืื™ืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืืชื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื– ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ืงื”, ืืš ื›ืžืชื ื” โ€“ ืžื•ืชืจ.
ื ืจืื”, ืฉื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื’ื“ืจ ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื–.
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื– ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ืงื”. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื– ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื– โ€“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื•ืช, ืืš ืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ืงื”. ื ื‘ืืจ ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

ืขื ื™ โ€“ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ืช
ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื (ื–' ืข"ื) ื›ื•ืชื‘:

โ€ฆื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื˜ืขืžื, ื“ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื– ืœื ื™ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœืงื˜ ืฉื›ื—ื” ื•ืคืื” ื•ืžืขืฉืจ ืขื ื™, ื“ืงื™ื ืœื”ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื“ื“ื™ ืœื• ื‘ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื– ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืคืฉื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืœืงื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืจื ืก ืขื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ืœืงื˜ ืื—ืจ, ืœื ื™ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืœืงื˜ ื–ื”, ื“ื”ื›ื™ ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื ืžื™ ื’ื‘ื™ ืชืžื—ื•ื™: "ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ื™ ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืชืžื—ื•ื™ ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื"โ€ฆ ื•ื›ื•ืœื”ื• ื—ื“ ื˜ืขืžื ื”ื›ื.

ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื– ืื™ื ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืขื ื™. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ื”ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœืœืงื˜ ืฉื›ื—ื” ื•ืคืื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆื“ืงื” ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื™ ื”ื ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœื”. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืœืงื˜ ืฉื›ื—ื” ื•ืคืื”, ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืื—ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”, ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ื” โ€“ ืœื ื™ื˜ืœื. ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื– ื”ื ืคืจื ืกืช ืฉื ื”. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืžื—ื•ื™, ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื˜ืœื ื•. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ืขื ื™, ืืœื ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ืžืžื•ืŸ ืจื‘, ืืš ื›ืขืช ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื‘ื™ืชื• โ€“ ืจืฉืื™ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœืงื˜ ืฉื›ื—ื” ื•ืคืื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื ืคืฉื•.
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื“ื‘"ื–. ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื‘ื™ืชื• ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื›ืกืฃ ืœืคืจื ืกืชื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจื ืกื”, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื ืงืจื ืฆื“ืงื”. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื–, ื”ืฉื™ื™ืš ืจืง ืœืœืงื˜ ืฉื›ื—ื” ื•ืคืื”. ื›ืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ืฆื“ืงื” ื ืžื“ื“ืช ืœืคื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื›ืกืฃ ืœืคืจื ืกืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• โ€“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื• ืœืคืจื ืกืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•.

ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื– โ€“ ื”ื’ื“ืจืช "ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื"
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ืจื“ื‘"ื–, ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื– ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช โ€“ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช. ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื– โ€“ ืื™ื ื• ื ืงืจื ืขื ื™. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ "ืฉื‘ื˜ ืขื ื™ื™ื", ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืืœื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื–. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื•ืงื— ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื– โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื "ื’ื•ื–ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื". ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืขื ื™, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ื–ืœ.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช
ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื™ื ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืขื ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื– ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื’ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื›ืขืช ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ืœื• ืžืžื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืชื•. ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื ืชื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื›ืฆื“ืงื” ืื• ืœื.
ืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืฆื“ืงื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืขื ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ืœื• ืœืงื˜ ืฉื›ื—ื” ื•ืคืื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืžื•ืช, ืืš ื–ื• "ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”" ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื•ืงื— ืž"ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื", ื•ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื›ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืชื•. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืฆื“ืงื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™.
ืœื“ืขืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืขื ื™. "ืขื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื”". ืขื ื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš. ืžื™ ืฉื–ืงื•ืง ืœืžืžื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื ืงืจื ืขื ื™, ื•ื–ื›ืื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฆื“ืงื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืชื™ื ื” ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื ืงืจืืช ืฆื“ืงื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื” ื›ืฉื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืชื•.
ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืจืžื– ืœืกื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ืขื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื”" ืื™ื ื ื• ืงื™ื™ื. ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื™ ืื• ืขืฉื™ืจ, ืืš ืื™ืŸ "ืขื ื™ ืœื–ืžืŸ". ืœื“ืขืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ. ืื ืจืฉืื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืงื‘ืœ โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื ื™, ื’ื ืื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ืžื ื™, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื–ื• ืฆื“ืงื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”. ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืื™ื ื ื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืขื ื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ืฆืจืš ืœืžืžื•ืŸ ืขืงื‘ ืžืฆื‘ื•.

ืžื”ื• ืขื ื™
ืœืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ืขื ื™", ื•ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช.
ืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™. ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืขื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ ืฉืฉื•ืจืฉ ื ืฉืžืชื• ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ โ€“ ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ื›ื–ื”. ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืžื•ื‘ื (ื ื“ื” ื˜"ื– ืข"ื‘):

โ€ฆื“ื“ืจื™ืฉ ืจ' ื—ื ื™ื ื ื‘ืจ ืคืคื: ืื•ืชื• ืžืœืืš ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืžื•, ื•ื ื•ื˜ืœ ื˜ืคื” ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ื•: ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ื˜ืคื” ื–ื• ืžื” ืชื”ื ืขืœื™ื”, ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืื• ื—ืœืฉ, ื—ื›ื ืื• ื˜ื™ืคืฉ, ืขืฉื™ืจ ืื• ืขื ื™.

ืขื•ื“ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืื“ื ื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ ืื• ืขืฉื™ืจ. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื›ื•ื ืช ื ืคืฉื• ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ื” ื ืงื‘ืขืช ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ืจื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื™ โ€“ ื•ื›ืš ื™ืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืขื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ืช.
ืœื“ืขืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืขื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืืฃ ืื“ื ื‘ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื•ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืฉืจ โ€“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืงืจื 'ืขื ื™', ืื ื ืงืœืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื•. ืขื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *