ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืžืฆื•ื” ืงืข"ื— โ€“ ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื›ืณ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
09/01/1980

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชืจื™"ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช
ยซ  
  ยป

ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื. ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช.

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ: ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ "ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข" ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” โ€“ ื”ืื ื‘ืื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืืฉื” ืžื‘ืขืœ ืฉืžืฉืงืจ, ืื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืžืืฉื” ืฉื–ื™ื ืชื”. ื”ืื•ืงื™ืžืชื•ืช ื”ืชืžื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืื• ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉื”ืขื“ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื–ื ื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ื”ื ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ืขืœ ืฉืืฉืชื• ืœื ื–ื™ื ืชื”.

ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืจ"ืช
ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช 'ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข' (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื—' ืข"ื โ€“ ื˜' ืข"ื‘) ืžืชื™ื™ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืื•ืงื™ืžืชื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื. ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื ืจืื•ืช ืชืžื•ื”ื•ืช ื•ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ืžืคืฉื˜ ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ื”ืื•ืžืจืช:

ื”ืื•ื ืก ื•ื”ืžืคืชื” ื•ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข ื‘ืฉืœืฉื”, ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ, ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœืฉื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื“ื™ื ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช.

ื ื—ืœืงื• ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืจ"ืช ืžื”ื• ื”ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ืขื•ืกืงืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ (ื—' ืข"ื):

ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข โ€“ ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืœื‘ืชืš ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ืœื ืœื”ืจื’ื”, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื–ื™ื ืชื” ืชื—ืชื™ื•, ื“ืื™ ืื ืคืฉื•ืช ืงืืชื™ ืœื ืืžืจ ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื‘ืฉืœืฉื”.

ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืืฉืชื• ื–ื™ื ืชื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืื•ืชื” ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื”.
ืจ"ืช ืžื‘ืืจ (ื—' ืข"ื ื“"ื” "ืžื•ืฆื™ื"):

โ€ฆื•ืžืคืจืฉ ืจ"ืช ื“ื›ื•ืœื” ืฉืžืขืชื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืจื™ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืื” ืกืœืขื™ื ืฉื”ืื‘ ืชื•ื‘ืข ืœื‘ืขืœโ€ฆ

ื”ืื‘ ืชื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ื‘ืขืœ ืžืื” ืกืœืขื™ื, ืฉื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข ืขืœ ื‘ืชื•, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืขื•ืกืงืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื.
ื ื ืกื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช.

ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื
ืคืจืฉืช ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื‘, ื™"ื’-ื›"ื):

ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึดืงึผึทื— ืึดื™ืฉื ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึธื ืึตืœึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐื ึตืึธื”ึผ. ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธื ืœึธื”ึผ ืขึฒืœึดื™ืœึนืช ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนืฆึดื ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืฉืึตื ืจึธืข ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ื•ึธืึถืงึฐืจึทื‘ ืึตืœึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึธืฆึธืืชึดื™ ืœึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึผืœึดื™ื. ื•ึฐืœึธืงึทื— ืึฒื‘ึดื™ ื”ึทื ึผึทืขึฒืจึธ ื•ึฐืึดืžึผึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ืื•ึผ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึผืœึตื™ ื”ึทื ึผึทืขึฒืจึธ ืึถืœ ื–ึดืงึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืขึฐืจึธื”. ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืึฒื‘ึดื™ ื”ึทื ึผึทืขึฒืจึธ ืึถืœ ื”ึทื–ึผึฐืงึตื ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื‘ึผึดืชึผึดื™ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึธืึดื™ืฉื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืœึฐืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐื ึธืึถื”ึธ. ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื”ื•ึผื ืฉื‚ึธื ืขึฒืœึดื™ืœึนืช ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืœึตืืžึนืจ ืœึนื ืžึธืฆึธืืชึดื™ ืœึฐื‘ึดืชึผึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึผืœึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึตืœึผึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึผืœึตื™ ื‘ึดืชึผึดื™ ื•ึผืคึธืจึฐืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึดืžึฐืœึธื” ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื–ึดืงึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ. ื•ึฐืœึธืงึฐื—ื•ึผ ื–ึดืงึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ื”ึทื”ึดื•ื ืึถืช ื”ึธืึดื™ืฉื ื•ึฐื™ึดืกึผึฐืจื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน. ื•ึฐืขึธื ึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน ืžึตืึธื” ื›ึถืกึถืฃ ื•ึฐื ึธืชึฐื ื•ึผ ืœึทืึฒื‘ึดื™ ื”ึทื ึผึทืขึฒืจึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืฉืึตื ืจึธืข ืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึผืœึทืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืœื•ึน ืชึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึฐืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืœึนื ื™ื•ึผื›ึทืœ ืœึฐืฉืึทืœึผึฐื—ึธื”ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึธืžึธื™ื•. ื•ึฐืึดื ืึฑืžึถืช ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืœึนื ื ึดืžึฐืฆึฐืื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืชื•ึผืœึดื™ื ืœึทื ึผึทืขึฒืจึธ. ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ืื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทื ึผึทืขึฒืจึธ ืึถืœ ืคึผึถืชึทื— ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืึธื‘ึดื™ื”ึธ ื•ึผืกึฐืงึธืœื•ึผื”ึธ ืึทื ึฐืฉืึตื™ ืขึดื™ืจึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึธืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึธืžึตืชึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึธืฉื‚ึฐืชึธื” ื ึฐื‘ึธืœึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึดื–ึฐื ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืึธื‘ึดื™ื”ึธ ื•ึผื‘ึดืขึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ื”ึธืจึธืข ืžึดืงึผึดืจึฐื‘ึผึถืšึธ.

ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืคืจืฉืช "ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข" ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืฉื”? ื”ืื ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื‘ืื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืืฉื” ืžื‘ืขืœ ืฉืžืฉืงืจ, ืื• ืฉื”ืคืจืฉื” ื‘ืื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืžื–ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืฉืชื•?
ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืขืœื™ืœ ืขืœ ืืฉืชื• "ืขืœื™ืœื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื". ืจืง ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉ"ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ". ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืฉืืœื”: ืœืžื” ืฉืชื—ืฉื•ืฉ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืื“ื ื™ืฉื ืืฉื” ื•ืžื™ื“ ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืฉื ืจืข? ืžืื™ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืกื” "ื ื•ืœื“ื”" ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื•, ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“?
ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”"ืง ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ืคืจืฉื”, ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืจืื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืช ืคืฉื˜ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื (ื–ื•ื”"ืง ื—"ื’ ืจืข"ื• ืข"ื, ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื):

ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ื ืฉื‘ืจื• ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”, ืฉื”ื ืžืฉื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฉืžืจื”, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื ืงืจืืช ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืžืกื™ื ื™, ื•ื”ื—ืชืŸ ืฉืœื” ืฉื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื”, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข ืขืœื™ื”, ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืื™ื ื ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื ืฉื‘ืจื•, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืืžืจ ืœื•, ืฉื”ื•ื ืื‘ื™ ื”ื ืขืจื”โ€ฆ "ื•ืคืจืฉื• ื”ืฉืžืœื”", ื•ื ืคืชื—ืช ื™ืจื™ืขื” ืžืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืจืื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื–ื•: "ืคืกืœ ืœืš ืฉื ื™ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืื‘ื ื™ื ื›ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืฉื‘ืจืช".

ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื "ื“ ืข"ื):

ื•ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ: ืžืื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘: "ื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช", ืืœืžืœื™ ืœื ื ืฉืชื‘ืจื• ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื ื ืฉืชื›ื—ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืจื‘ ืื—ื ื‘ืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืžืจ: ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ, ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื—ืจื•ืช", ืืœ ืชื™ืงืจื™ ื—ืจื•ืช ืืœื ื—ื™ืจื•ืช.

ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ. ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื‘ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื—ื”. ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื“ืจื’ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืงื‘ืœืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืขืœ ืžืขืžื“ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืค"ื‘, ื•'): "ืึฒื ึดื™ ืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึทืชึผึถื ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื›ึผึปืœึผึฐื›ึถื".
ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื–ื• "ื ืฉื‘ืจืช" ื›ืฉืคื•ื’ืฉืช ื”ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื โ€“ ืืช ืขืœืžื ื“ืฉืงืจื ืขื ื›ืœ ืžื”ื•ืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื–ื• ื ืืžืจ (ืฉื, ื–'): "ืึธื›ึตืŸ ื›ึผึฐืึธื“ึธื ืชึผึฐืžื•ึผืชื•ึผืŸ ื•ึผื›ึฐืึทื—ึทื“ ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธืจึดื™ื ืชึผึดืคึผึนืœื•ึผ".
ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื. ื”ืžื” ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืฉื›ื—ื” ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ืœ. ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืกืคืงื•ืช ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืขืžื•ืœ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืคืกื•ืง ื”ืœื›ื”.
ืขืžืœ ื–ื”, ืชื•ืขืœืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฆื“ื•, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ืงื•ื ื” ื”ืื“ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื” ืœื—ืœืง ืžื—ื™ื™ื• ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื•.
ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืืฃ ื›ืฉื ืงื ื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ืœื ื ื™ืคื•ืœ, ื—ืœื™ืœื”, ืžืžื“ืจื’ืชื ื•, ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืชื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืืœื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืื“ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืขืžืœ ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืืœื™ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืงื ื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื™ื’ื™ืขืชื•.

"ืืฃ ื—ื›ืžืชื™ ืขืžื“ื” ืœื™", ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื ื‘ืจ ืคืคื: ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืืฃ ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ืœื™ (ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืงื”ืœืช, ืจืžื– ืชืชืงืก"ื—).

ืขื•ื“ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืœื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืžืœื•, ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืคื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื: "ื•ึฐื›ึธืชึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืœึผึปื—ึนืช ืึถืช ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืœึผึปื—ึนืช ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืึนื ึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฉืึดื‘ึผึทืจึฐืชึผึธ" (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ"ื“, ื').
ืžื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืš, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข.
ื—ื–"ืœ ืžื“ืžื™ื ืืช ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื. ื”ืืฉื” ืงื•ื“ื ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื‘ื™ืจืชื. ื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืงื•ื“ื ื™ืจื™ื“ืชื” ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช. ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืื™ื“ื™ืืœ. ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื” ื•ืœื‘ืขืœื” ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช.
ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœ ืืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ืฉื‘ื™ืจื” โ€“ ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื.

ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื‘ืคืกื•ืง: "ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึดืงึผึทื— ืึดื™ืฉื ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึธื ืึตืœึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐื ึตืึธื”ึผ". ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ืžื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืืจื•ืกืชื•, ืืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืจื”. ืžื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื” ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืฉื ืจืข ืœืืฉื”.
ืืฃ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื–ื•, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช, ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœื• ืœืื“ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืืฉื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืืจื•ืกืชื•. ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืืœื™ื” ื™ืจื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืชื” ืืœ ืžืงื•ืจื”.
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื•, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื•ืฉืฉืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื•ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื ื’ืจื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื” ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืืฉื” ืžืคื ื™ ื‘ืขืœื”, ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื‘ืขืœ ืฉืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืื™ื ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
ืื•ืœื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื ื•ืกืคืช.
ืœืฉื ืžื” ื‘ืจื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื? ืžื” ืžื˜ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื–ื•?
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ื ื‘ืจืื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืขืœ. ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืงื™ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืฉื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ื” ืขื“ ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ1. ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื–ื• ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ื”ื‘ืขืœ, ื•ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ืื ืืฉืชื• ื–ื™ื ืชื” ืื• ืœื. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืชื–ื ื” ืชื—ืชื™ื•.
ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื‘ืจื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ืขืœ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืืฉืชื• ืœื ื–ื™ื ืชื”. ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื˜ื”ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ืืฉืชื• ื‘ืขืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื”ื.
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื”, ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื™ื•ื: "ื•ืื ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”" โ€“ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื ืืžืŸ ืฉืœื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื. ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ืจืง ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืื ื›ืฉื ืฉืื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืชื•ืœื” ืื• ืœื.
ืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจืฉื”? ื ืจืื”, ืฉืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืชื ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื— ืœืกื•ืคื”. ื ื‘ืืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืžืคืจืฉื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.
ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืชื ื” ืœืขื“ื™ื ื›ื— (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™"ื˜, ื˜"ื•):

ืœึนื ื™ึธืงื•ึผื ืขึตื“ ืึถื—ึธื“ ื‘ึผึฐืึดื™ืฉื ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึธื•ึนืŸ ื•ึผืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื—ึทื˜ึผึธืืช ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื—ึตื˜ึฐื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึถื—ึฑื˜ึธื ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ืขึตื“ึดื™ื ืื•ึน ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื” ืขึตื“ึดื™ื ื™ึธืงื•ึผื ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ.

ืขืœ ืคื™ ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื”, ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืื“ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื‘ืื™ื ื•ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืžื™ืชื”. ื–ื”ื• ื›ื— ืขืฆื•ื, ืฉื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืœื• ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืœืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืชื•. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื–ื”ื• ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืจืฉื” (ืฉื, ื˜"ื–-ื›"ื):

ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึธืงื•ึผื ืขึตื“ ื—ึธืžึธืก ื‘ึผึฐืึดื™ืฉื ืœึทืขึฒื ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผื•ึน ืกึธืจึธื”. ื•ึฐืขึธืžึฐื“ื•ึผ ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึธื”ึถื ื”ึธืจึดื™ื‘ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึผืึนืคึฐื˜ึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ื”ึธื”ึตื. ื•ึฐื“ึธืจึฐืฉืื•ึผ ื”ึทืฉึผืึนืคึฐื˜ึดื™ื ื”ึตื™ื˜ึตื‘ ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืขึตื“ ืฉืึถืงึถืจ ื”ึธืขึตื“ ืฉืึถืงึถืจ ืขึธื ึธื” ื‘ึฐืึธื—ึดื™ื•. ื•ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึถื ืœื•ึน ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื–ึธืžึทื ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืœึฐืึธื—ึดื™ื• ื•ึผื‘ึดืขึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ื”ึธืจึธืข ืžึดืงึผึดืจึฐื‘ึผึถืšึธ. ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผึดืฉืึฐืึธืจึดื™ื ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืขื•ึผ ื•ึฐื™ึดืจึธืื•ึผ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึนืกึดืคื•ึผ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืขื•ึนื“ ื›ึผึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึธืจึธืข ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผึถืšึธ. ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึธื—ื•ึนืก ืขึตื™ื ึถืšึธ ื ึถืคึถืฉื ื‘ึผึฐื ึถืคึถืฉื ืขึทื™ึดืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทื™ึดืŸ ืฉืึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึตืŸ ื™ึธื“ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ ืจึถื’ึถืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื’ึถืœ.

ืคืจืฉืช ืขื“ื™ื ื–ื•ืžืžื™ื ืžืœืžื“ืช ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ืื ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ื“ ืฉืงืจ โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืœื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ. ืžื” ืฉื–ืžื ืœืขืฉื•ืช โ€“ ื™ืขืฉื” ืœื•. ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ืขืฉื™ืชื ืœื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ืžื", ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืฉืœ "ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืขื“ื™ืโ€ฆ ื™ืงื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ". ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื“ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœื ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืฉืงืจ ื ื•ืชื ืช ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื•.
ื’ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข, ื ืชื ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืขืœ. ืืžื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืขื•ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืงืจ โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื ืขื ืฉ. ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืขืœ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• โ€“ ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ2.

ืขื“ื™ื
ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช "ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข". ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื”ืขื“ื™ื, ืืš ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื”ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ืžื™ื™ืฉืžืช ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ื•ืื ืืžืช ื”ื™ื”" ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›"ืขื“ื™ื", ืฉื›ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื‘ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ืื™ื ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืืฉื” ื–ื™ื ืชื”, ื”ืื ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืื• ืฉื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ืžืขืฆืžื?
ืื—ืช ืžืจืž"ื— ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขื“ื•ืช (ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืขืฉื” ืงืข"ื—):

ืžืฆื•ื” ืงืข"ื— ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื“ืขื”ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืžื™ืชืช ืžื™ ืฉื”ืขื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืื• ื”ืฆืœืชื•, ื”ืคืกื“ ืžืžื•ื ื• ืื• ื”ืจื•ื—ืชื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœื• ื•ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืื• ืฉืžืขื ื•โ€ฆ

ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืœืง ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื (ื”ืœ' ืขื“ื•ืช ืค"ื ื”"ื):

ื”ืขื“ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื” ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ื–ื›ื”ื• ื‘ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืชื‘ืขื ื• ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืชโ€ฆ".

ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื•ืื ืžื—ืœื• ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื“ ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ืชื‘ืขื ื• ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.
ื“ื™ื ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื–ืžื ืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื–ื”ื• "ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™", ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข, ื•ืœื ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื.
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื–ืžื ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ, ืืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืจืื• ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉื”. ืื•ืœื, ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืจื•ืฉื ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœ ื•ื”ืืฉื” (ื•ืื‘ื™ื”) ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื• โ€“ "ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืขื“ื™ื", "ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื‘ ืขื“ื™ื". ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื›ืš, ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืืฉื” ืขืœ ืฉื–ื™ื ืชื”, ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืขืœ. ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืžืกืชื›ืžืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช โ€“ ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื”.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืจ"ืช
ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืง ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘.
ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœ ื ืืžืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ "ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื" ื•ืืฉืชื• ืชืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื”:

ื•ืืžืจ โ€“ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืขื“ื™ื, ื“ื ื• ืœื™ ืžื™ื”ืช ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื“ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืŸ (ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™') ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืชื™ืงื ื• ืœื”ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ืชื•ืœื” ืžืืชื™ื ื•ืœืืœืžื ื” ืžื ื”, ื•ื”ื ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ื”ื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ื•, ื—ื–ืงื” ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื˜ื•ืจื— ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื•ืžืคืกื™ื“ื”โ€ฆ

ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืืžืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ื”ืืฉื” ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืœื ื–ื™ื ืชื”. ืจืฉ"ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื›ืคื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉื”ืฆื’ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ืฉืคืจืฉืช "ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข" ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ืืžืŸ.
ืจ"ืช, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืžืื” ืกืœืขื™ื ืฉื”ืื‘ ืชื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ื‘ืขืœ. ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื™ืงืจ ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื. ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืชืื™ื ืœืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืฆื’ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื ืชืคืก ื›ืžืฉืงืจ, ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืืฉื”.

ืชื•ืก' (ื—' ืข"ื‘, ืกื•ืฃ ื“"ื” "ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื") ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืืžื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™. ื ืขื™ื™ืŸ, ืืคื•ื, ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืค"ื ื”"ื):

ืจื‘ื™ ืžื ื ืืžืจ: ื‘ื ืขืจื” ืžืื•ืจืกื” ืคืœื™ื’ื™, ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืื•ืžืจ: ืžืคืกื“ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ื•ื ืกืงืœืช ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœืฉื”, ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืกืงืœืช ืฉื ืžืคืกื“ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื”. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข ื›ืœ ืขืžื ืžื•ื“ื• ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืขื“ื™ื ื ืกืงืœื™ืŸ ืฉื ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืœื•ืงื” ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžืื” ืกืœืข. ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื•ืŸ: ื”ืŸ ืชื ื™ื ืชื” ืคืœื’ื” ืืช ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืคืœื’ื™ื”, ืืœื ื‘ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข ืคืœื™ื’ื™, ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืื•ืžืจ: ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืœื•ืงื” ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžืื” ืกืœืข ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ื•ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื ืกืงืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœืฉื”, ื•ืจื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืžืจื™ืŸ: ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืขื“ื™ื ื ืกืงืœื™ืŸ ืฉื ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืœื•ืงื” ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžืื” ืกืœืข. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ืขืจื” ืžืื•ืจืกื” ื›ืœ ืขืžื ืžื•ื“ื• ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืกืงืœืช ืฉื ืžืคืกื“ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื”.

ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจ' ืžื ื, ื ื—ืœืงื• ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘"ื ืขืจื” ืžืื•ืจืกื”", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืืฉื” ื–ื™ื ืชื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ืช ื›ื ืขืจื” ืžืื•ืจืกื”. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื•ืŸ ื ื—ืœืงื• ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘"ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื•ื–ืžื• ื•ื”ื ื ื”ืจื’ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœื ืžืื” ื›ืกืฃ ืœืื‘ื™ ื”ื ืขืจื”.
ื ืจืื”, ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžื‘ืืจื™ื ืืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืฉืืœื”: ืžื”ื• ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื•ื”ืขื“ื™ื? ื”ืื ืื ื• ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื›"ืขื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืขืœ", ื•ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืื—ื“, ืื• ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœ ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ื“ ื•ื”ืขื“ื™ื โ€“ ืฉื‘ืื• ืžืขืฆืžื โ€“ ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื“.

ืจ' ืžื ื
ืœืจ' ืžืื™ืจ, ื”ืคืกื“ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื•ืกืงื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉื” ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื”ืคืกื“ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืžืžื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ืกืงื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉื”, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืื™ื ื ื” ื›ืœืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœ. ืœื ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ืืœื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื–ื”ื• ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืคืฉื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื”.
ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื”ืคืกื“ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื•ืกืงื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉื” ื”ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“, ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืข ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื“ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœืชื” ื›ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืขื“ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ื ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช. ื’ื ื”ืคืกื“ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืขื“ื™ื, ื•ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™. ืื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืืฉื” ื–ื™ื ืชื” โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”, ืืœื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื• ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืข โ€“ ื•ื‘ื• ื™ื“ื•ื ื• ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ "ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข", ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื™ืงืจ. ืื ื• ื“ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืขื“ื•ืชื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื•ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื“ื™ืŸ.

ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ื™ ืจ' ื‘ื•ืŸ
ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ "ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข" โ€“ ืขื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื ืžืฆืื• ื–ื•ืžืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฉืœื ืžืื” ื›ืกืฃ, ื›ืคืฉื˜ ื”ืžืฉื ื”.
ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ืจื•ืื” ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื›ืขื“ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืžืขืฆืžื, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืขืœ. ื“ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘. ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืื‘ ื”ื™ื ืžืžื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ืคืฉื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื”, ื‘ื• ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื™ืงืจ, ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื”ื ืขื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืขืœ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืชื, ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื3.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœื™
ืขื•ืœื

ืืžืจ ืขื•ืœื: ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ืœืœืขื– ืงืžื™ืคืœื’ื™. ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืกื‘ืจ: ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ืœืœืขื–, ื•ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืกื‘ืจื™: ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ืœืœืขื–.

ื”ื ื—ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจืฉ"ื™, ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœ ื ืืžืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื”.
ืขื™ืงืจ ืคืจืฉืช ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข ื”ื•ื: "ืื ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”", ื•ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœืชืช ืœื‘ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืื ืืฉืชื• ื–ื™ื ืชื”, ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืืฉื” ืฉืœื ืชื–ื ื”.
ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืื•ืžืจ: "ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื". ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช: ื. ื”ืืฉื” ื ื‘ืขืœื” ืงื•ื“ื ืื™ืจื•ืกื™ื”. ื‘. ื”ืืฉื” ื–ื™ื ืชื” ืชื—ืช ื‘ืขืœื”.
ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ืกื•ื‘ืจ, ืฉืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื™ื ืžืžื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื–ื• ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœ ื–ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื ื‘ืื• ืขื“ื™ื. ืื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืขื“ื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ. ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืชื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื‘ืข ืืช ืžื•ืช ื”ืืฉื” ื›ืฉื‘ืื• ื”ืขื“ื™ื. ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืœื ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื“ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื“ื™ื ืœืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ.
ืœื“ืขืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ, ื‘ืืžื™ืจื”: "ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื" ื›ืœื•ืœื” ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื”ืืฉื” ื–ื™ื ืชื”. ื›ืš ืขื•ืœื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืกื›ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช (ื‘' ืข"ื, ื“"ื” "ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื•ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื™"):

โ€ฆื•ืœื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ืฉืชื ืฉื ื‘ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื˜ืขื ืช ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ื™ืฉื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืขืกื• ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืžื ื™ืชืคื™ื™ืก ื•ืชืชืงืจืจ ื“ืขืชื• ื•ื™ืงื™ื™ืžื ื”, ื•ืฉืžื ื”ื™ื ื–ื™ื ืชื” ืชื—ืชื™ื• ื•ื ืืกืจื” ืขืœื™ื•, ื›ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ (ืกื•ื˜ื” ื“ืฃ ื›ื—) ืž"ื•ื ืกืชืจื” ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื˜ืžืื”", ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื™ื‘ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืฉื™ืฆื ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืžื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืขื“ื™ืโ€ฆ

ื˜ืขื ืช ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ืžืขืœื” ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื–ื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืฆืคื” ืœืขื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื‘ืงืฉืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ. ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื–ื ื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื ื• "ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ืœืœืขื–". ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื•ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ.

ืจื‘ื

ืจื‘ื ืืžืจ: ื›ื•ืœื™ ืขืœืžื ืœืœืขื– ืœื ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ, ื•ื”ื›ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืงืžื™ืคืœื’ื™, ื•ื”ื›ื ื‘ืžืื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืŸ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ื›ื ื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ ืขืฉืจื™ืŸ ื•ืชืœืชื ืœืžื™ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช, ื•ืื™ื‘ื“ื•ืจ, ื•ืืžืจ ืœื”ื•: ื“ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื™ ืžื™ื”ื ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช.

ืจื‘ื ืœื ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืœืœืขื–. ื˜ืขื ืช ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื ื” ื’ื•ืจืจืช ืื—ืจื™ื” ื—ืฉืฉ ื–ื ื•ืช.
ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ (ืขืจื›ื™ืŸ ื˜"ื• ืข"ื):

ืžืฉื ื”. ื‘ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข ืœื”ืงืœ ื•ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ, ื›ื™ืฆื“? ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื•ืขืœ ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžืื” ืกืœืข.
ื’ืžืจื. ืžืžืื™, ื“ืœืžื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืงื ื’ืจื™ื ืœื” ืงื˜ืœื, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื‘): "ื•ืื ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื’ื•' ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ื ืขืจื” ื•ื’ื•'", ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื: ืืžืจ ืงืจื (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื‘) "ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข", ืขืœ ืฉื ืจืข ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื.

ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืœื ืขืœ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืชื” ืฉืจืฆื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืืฉื”. ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืฉื” ืžื™ืชื”, ื•ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื“ื•ืชื. ื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ืžืขืฆืžื.
ืื•ืœื ืื ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื‘ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื”ืืฉื” ื–ื™ื ืชื”, "ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืœื” ืขืœื™ืœื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื", ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชืคืง ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืœื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื, ืืœื ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื–ื™ื ืชื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื•ืจื’ื”. ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื™ื ื–ื™ื ืชื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš4. ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื”ืืฉื” ื–ื™ื ืชื” ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ื ืจืง ืžื—ืžืช ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ืžืฆื, ืืœื ื’ื ืžื—ืžืช ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืฉืžืข ืžืขื“ื™ื ืฉื–ื™ื ืชื”. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื, ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ืžื˜ืขืžื• ื•ืžื˜ืขื ืชื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืื—ื“ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืชื• ื•ืขื“ื™ื•. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืคืฉื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ื ืœืจ' ืžืื™ืจ. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื, ื•ื ื•ืชืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื ื—ืœืงื• ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืื ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื” (ื—ื›ืžื™ื) ืื• ืฉื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช (ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ).

ื ืจืื”, ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืžื” ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื”, ืืฃ ืฉืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื”. ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื–ื” ืžืงืจื” ืื—ืจ ืžื ืคืฉื•ืช, ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื–ื ื•ืช ื”ืืฉื”.
ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื–ื ื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ื’ื ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช.

ืื‘ื™ื™

ืื‘ื™ื™ ืืžืจ: ื“ื›ื•ืœื™ ืขืœืžื ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ืœืœืขื–, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื”ื›ื ื‘ืžืื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืŸ โ€“ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื“ืืชืจื• ื‘ื” ืกืชื. ื•ื”ืื™ ืชื ื ื”ื•ื, ื“ืชื ื™ื: ื•ืฉืืจ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ ืžื™ืชื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืžืžื™ืชื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืืœื ื‘ืขื“ื” ื•ืขื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืจืื”, ื•ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ื“ื™ืขื•ื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ: ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ื“ื™ืขื•ื”ื• ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืชื” ื”ื•ื ื ื”ืจื’.

ืœืื—ืจ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื ืจืื” ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืื‘ื™ื™ ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื‘ืคืฉื•ื˜ื. ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืจืžื– ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืจืืช ืกืชื. ื”ืขืžื“ื” ื–ื• (ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืื•ืงื™ืžืชื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื” ื‘ื’ืžืจื) ื”ื™ื, ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืจื—ื•ืงื” ื•ื“ื—ื•ืงื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื›ืœ ืจืžื– ื‘ืžืฉื ื”.
ื ืจืื” ืœื‘ืืจ, ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื™ ื ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ: "ื›ื•ืœื™ ืขืœืžื ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ืœืœืขื–". ืืฉื” ืœืœื ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ื ื•ืช. ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืœืขื–, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืืจื ื•, ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ื ื‘ืจืื• ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืžืœื”ื ืฉื ืœืืฉื” ืฉื–ื™ื ืชื”. ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ืืฉื” ื•ืฉืœืžื•ืชื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื–ื ื•ืช. ืื‘ื™ื™ ืื™ื ื ื• "ืžื•ื›ืŸ" ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ. ื˜ื”ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืžืขืœ ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื‘ื™ื™ ืžื—ืคืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ืœืœืขื–, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ื–ื”ื• ื—ืฉืฉ ื–ื ื•ืช.

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจืช.
ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื ืค"ื“ ืข"ื) ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื“ืขื•ืช ืชื ืื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉ"ืขื™ืŸ ืชื—ืช ืขื™ืŸ" ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• 'ืžืžื•ืŸ', ื•ืœื 'ืžืžืฉ'. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื”ื’ืžืจื:

ืชื ื™ื, ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืื•ืžืจ: "ืขื™ืŸ ืชื—ืช ืขื™ืŸ" โ€“ ืžืžืฉ. ืžืžืฉ ืกืœืงื ื“ืขืชืš, ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืœื™ืช ืœื™ื” ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ ืชื ืื™. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื”: ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืขื‘ื“. ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืื‘ื™ื™: ืืœื ื›ืžืืŸ, ื›ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ, ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืื™ืช ืœื™ื” ื“ืžื™. ืืœื ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืืฉื™: ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื ื™ื–ืง ืืœื ื‘ืžื–ื™ืง.

ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคืœืคื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉ"ืขื™ืŸ ืชื—ืช ืขื™ืŸ โ€“ ืžืžื•ืŸ". ื–ื• ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืžืกื™ื ื™ ื•ื›ืš ื“ื ื• ืžืื– ื•ืžืขื•ืœื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื’ื ืื ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ "ืขื™ืŸ ืชื—ืช ืขื™ืŸ โ€“ ืžืžืฉ", ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื” ืืžื™ื ื ืฉื–ื” "ืžืžืฉ" ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•, ื•ื‘ืคืœืคื•ืœ ื ืคืœื ืžื‘ืืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืฉืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžื–ื™ืง ืžืชื•ืš ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืœื• ืžืžื ื• ืืช ืขื™ื ื•.

ื ืจืื”, ืฉืืฃ ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืชื ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•. ืื‘ื™ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืœื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉ"ื”ื ื—ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”" ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืืฉื” ื–ื™ื ืชื”. ืืžื™ืจื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ื˜ื”ืจืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœืื‘ื™ื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ืœืœืขื–. ื›ืš ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืขืœ "ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืžื”" (ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืืกืคืช ื–ืงื ื™ื):

ื”ืชื•ืก' ื›ืชื‘ื• ื“ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื”ื•ื™ ืžืฆื™ ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื“ื›ื•ืœื™ ืขืœืžื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ืœืœืขื–โ€ฆ ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื›ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื–ื”, ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื” ืœืื‘ื™ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื›ื•ืœื™ ืขืœืžื ืกื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ืœืœืขื–, ื“ื”ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ ืื•ืงื™ืžืชื•ืช ืžืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืื™ืœืš ื’ื ื•ื‘ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื™ ืœืžื” ืœื”ื•, ื“ืžืื™ื–ื” ื˜ืขื ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื•ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืคืœื•ื’ืชื™ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื“ืฉื ืจืข, ื˜ืคื™ ื”ื•ื™ ืœื™ื” ืœืื•ืงืžื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืžื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืชื” ื‘ื”ืชืจื• ื‘ื™ื” ืกืชื ืื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื ื”ืชืจืื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ ืื•ืงื™ืžืชื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื—ื ื• ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืŸ ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื“ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ ืืžื•ืจืื™ ืกื‘ืจื™ ื“ื›ื•ืœื™ ืขืœืžื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ืœืœืขื–โ€ฆ ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ืื™ ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื“ื›ื•ืœื™ ืขืœืžื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ืœืœืขื– ืื ื›ืŸ ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื•ื™ ืœื™ื” ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืคืœื•ื’ืชื™ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืžื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸโ€ฆ

"ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืžื”" ื‘ืžืชืง ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ, ืฉืœืคื™ ืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืฉืืจ ืืžื•ืจืื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืืจื™ื ืืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ื‘ื”ืชืจืืช ื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ืžื“ื•ืข ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข ื•ืœื ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื“ื™ื ื™ ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ?
ืืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืื• ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“, ืฉื›ื•ืœื™ ืขืœืžื ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ืœืœืขื–. ื–ื”ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื, ืฉื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื˜ื”ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ืžื™ื“ ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื–ื ื•ืช.
ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื•ื”ืืฉื”, ืืœื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ โ€“ "ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึธืฉื‚ึฐืชึธื” ื ึฐื‘ึธืœึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึดื–ึฐื ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืึธื‘ึดื™ื”ึธ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื‘, ื›"ื)5. ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ื ืขืจื” ืžื–ื ื•ืช, ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื–ื ื•ืช.
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืขืจืš ื–ื” ืขื ืืžื™ืจืช ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ืฉ"ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื”", ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช? ืžื‘ืืจ ืื‘ื™ื™ ืฉืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ืœืœืขื– ื•ืื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื›ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื–ื ื•ืช. ืจืง ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื‘ื• ื‘ืื• ืขื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื™ื“ื• ืฉื”ืืฉื” ื–ื™ื ืชื”, ืืœื ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืจื’ื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฆื“ื“ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืื– ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ืžืงืจื” ื™ืชืคืชื— ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช.

ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ืžืชื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื’ืžืจื. ื”ืืžื•ืจืื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื, ืืœื ืžื—ื–ืงื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื‘ื™ื™ ื‘ื”ื‘ืืช ืžืงืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”ื ื—ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉ"ื›ื•ืœื™ ืขืœืžื ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ืœืœืขื–".

 

1 ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื–"ืœ, ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืชื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
2 ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื“ื™ื ื–ื•ืžืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœ ื ืขื ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื” ืจืฆื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืืฉื”. ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืœืืฉื”, ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืžืชื‘ื˜ืื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืืฉื”: ื›ืกืฃ, ืฉื˜ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื”. ื›ืกืฃ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื™ ืฉื‘ืงืฉืจ, ืฉื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจื™, ื•ื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืช. ื›ื ื’ื“ ื–ื” ื ืขื ืฉ ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื. ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืื” ื›ืกืฃ, ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืงื”, ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ื•ื”: "ื•ืœื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืืฉื”".
3 ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืงืฉื” ืžืขื˜, ืœื›ืื•ืจื”: "ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ืขืจื” ืžืื•ืจืกื” ื›ืœ ืขืžื ืžื•ื“ื• ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืกืงืœืช ืฉื ืžืคืกื“ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื”". ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฆืคื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื”ื™ืคืš: "ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ืขืจื” ืžืื•ืจืกื” ื›ืœ ืขืžื ืžื•ื“ื• ืžืคืกื“ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ื•ื ืกืงืœืช ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœืฉื”", ืฉื”ืจื™ ื ืขืจื” ืžืื•ืจืกื” ื”ื•ื ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฉืžืข ืžื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื.
ื ืจืื” ืœื‘ืืจ, ืฉืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ืžื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื“ื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืœื ืคืฉื•ืช. ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืžื•ื ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืขืจื” ืžืื•ืจืกื”, ื’ื ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื“ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืขื“ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื” ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ (ืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ื™ ืจ' ื‘ื•ืŸ) ืฉื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื–ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื”.
4 ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘, ื”ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ืš ืืช ืคืฉื˜ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ืคืจืฉืช ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข (ื”ืขืžืง ื“ื‘ืจ, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื‘, ื™"ื“): "ื•ืืงืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”. ื•ืื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ื” ืžื™ื‘ืขื™. ื•ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• 'ื•ืื‘ื•ืื” ืืœื™ื”'. ืืœื ื‘ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉื”. ื“ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืชืžื•ื” ืžื” ืชืœื” ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื. ืฉื”ืจื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื•ืช ืื ืœื ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื–ื™ื ืชื” ื•ืื– ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ื”ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืจื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื”ืคืขื ื›ื“ืชื ืŸ ื‘ืค' ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืืœื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืšโ€ฆ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื“ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื–ื• ื›ืœื•ื. ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื? ืืœื ื›ืš ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ, ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืงื•ื“ื ื ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ื ืฉื–ื™ื ืชื” ื•ืืกื•ืจื” ืขืœื™ื• ืืœื ืฉืœื ื”ืœื›ื• ื”ืขื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืขื™ื“. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืืžืจ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขื“ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื–ื“ืงืง ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื—ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื‘ืื• ืžืขืฆืžื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืœื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืฉื–ื™ื ืชื”, ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื—ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ื. ื•ื”ื ื” ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืขืฉื” ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ืขืœื™ื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืข ืžืขื“ื™ื ืฉื–ื™ื ืชื”. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœืคื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ 'ื•ืืงืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”'. ื•ื–ื” ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืืฅ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœื ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืœื”ื›ื™ ืคื™' ื‘ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืงืจื™ื‘ื” ืœืžื™ืชื” ืžื™ื™ืจื™, ืฉืžืช ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™, ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื ืžื™ ื”ืคื™' ื›ื™ ืงืจื‘ ืืœื™ื” ืฉืœื ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืœืคื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื•. ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžืžื ื” ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืคื ื™' ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืื• ืœื’ืจืฉื”. ืื‘ืœ ืงืจื‘ืชื™ ืืœื™ื” ื•ื”ื ื” ืืžืช ืฉื–ื™ื ืชื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื. ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื“ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื‘ืื• ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ".
5 "ื‘ืชื•ืœื” ื ืฉืืช ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™" ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ืœื ื™ืžืฆื ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ื™ืฉื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™. ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืžืฆืคื” ืœื‘ืขืœ ืฉืœื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ, ืืœื ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ืชืงื ื” ื–ื• ืžืœืžื“ืช ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ ืœื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื.

 

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *