ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื ื“ืจื™ื ืž"ื˜ (ืข"ื‘) โ€“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื”ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
18/07/1980

ื ื“ืจื™ื ืž"ื˜ (ืข"ื‘):

ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื ืืฉื›ื—ื™ื” ืœืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื ื“ืงืื›ื™ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืกื ื‘ืืฆื‘ืขืชื™ื” ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืืžืื™ ืงืื›ื™ืœ ืžืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื” ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื“ื™ื™ืกื ื‘ืืฆื‘ืขืชื ื‘ืกื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืชืจืชื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืชืœืช ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืจื‘ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื ืœืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจื™ื” ืžื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืš ืœืžื™ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืกื ืขื“ ืคืจืกื” ืœืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืฉืจื ื“ืชื•ืจื ืขื“ ืชืœืชื ืคืจืกื™ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืจื‘ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื ืœืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจื™ื” ื›ืœ ืžื™ื“ืขื ืœื ืชืคืœื•ื˜ ืงืžื™ื” ืจื‘ืš ืœื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ืงืจื ื•ื“ื™ื™ืกื ืฉื”ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืœืคืชื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืžื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืžืœื›ื ืคืœื•ื˜ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ ืื›ื™ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืกื ื‘ืืฆื‘ืขืชื™ื” ื•ื—ื“ ืื›ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆื ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ื“ืื›ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆื ืœื“ืื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืืฆื‘ืขืชื™ื” ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืืชื” ืžืื›ื™ืœื ื™ ืฆื•ืืชืš ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ื“ืื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืืฆื‘ืขืชื™ื” ืœื“ืื›ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆื ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืืชื” ืžืื›ื™ืœื ื™ ืจื•ืงืš.

ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ื”ื“ืขืช ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื.
ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœื›ืš ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ื "ื–1 ื•ื‘ืคืจื“ืก2.
ื”ื“ื™ื• ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื”ื•. ื”ื›ืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื‘ ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืœื ืฆื•ืจื”.
ื‘ื›ื— ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช. "ื‘ื“ื™ื•" ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื” ื›"ื‘, ื›ืžื ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ื”ืงื ื” ื•ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื—ื•ืžืจ. ื”ื ื”ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื• ืœืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื›ืžื”.
ื›ืš ื’ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืื›ื™ืœื”. ื”ื—ื™ื˜ื” ืื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื“ืขืช. "ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื”"3 "ื•ืื™ืŸ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื•ืžืจ ืื‘ื ื•ืืžื ืขื“ ืฉื˜ื•ืขื ื˜ืขื ื“ื’ืŸ"4. ื—ื˜ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื›"ื‘. ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ื— ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ืฉื•ืื‘ ื”ืื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื˜ื” ืืช ื›ื— ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื• ื›ืš ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื— ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื›ื— ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื˜ื”.
ื”ื“ื™ื™ืกื ื”ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืžื—ื˜ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื“ื™ื•. ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ืขื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืชื”ื• ื”ืžืฆืคื” ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืžื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื.
ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืžื‘ืกืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ืกื ื•ืžื›ื™ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืื•ื›ืœ. ื›ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื•, ื›ืš ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืกื.
ื–ื” ืขื•ืžืง ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘:

ื“ื™ื™ืกืชื ื‘ืืฆื‘ืขืชื ื‘ืกื™ื.

ืžื›ืืŸ ื‘ื ื’ื ื”ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ.
ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ "ื”ืคืจื“ืก" ืฉืฉืœืฉ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื’"ืช โ€“ ื—ืกื“ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืชืคืืจืช, ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืžืืœ ื•ืืžืฆืข. ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™' ื–ื” ื‘ื•ืจืจ ืœื• ืื—ื“ ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื•ืจืจ ืœื• ืื—ื“ ื•ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื•ืจืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™. ื›ืš ืžืชื‘ืจืจื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืื™ื ืืœ ืชื™ืงื•ื ื.
ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื–ื” ืฉืชื™ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“. ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™' ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”. ืืฃ ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื ื›ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื— ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืžื™ืชืชื•.
ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื”ืŸ ืืฆื‘ืข ืื—ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืคื™ืจื” ืื—ืช.
ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืชืคื™ืกื” ืื—ืช, ืจืื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ืืฃ ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ื‘ืจืื™ื” ื–ื• ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ.
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ืฉื‘ืืฆื‘ืข ืื—ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื ืœื“ื™ื™ืกื ื•ื”ื›ื ืชื” ืœืงืจืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”.
ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœืฉืชื™ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื•ืง"ื• ืœืฉืœืฉ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื™ืงื•ืช ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืžื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื.

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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื’ืž'.

ื‘ืคืจื“ืก ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืงื ื” ื”ื•ื ืชืคืืจืช ื•ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื—ื’"ืช ื›ื ื–ื›ืจ. ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ืกื ืื ื”ืงื ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ืื• ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช.
ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืงื ื”. ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืžื›ื— ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื•.
ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉืœืฉ. ื‘ื”ืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ. ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืช ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืžืฉืžืืœ ื•ื”ืืžืฆืข ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืŸ. ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืคืกื•ืœืช.
ื”ืงื ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื”. ื”ื•ื ืชืคืืจืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื”. ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื•ืจืจ ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืคืกื•ืœืช.
ืžืื™ื“ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืงื ื”. ื”ืงื ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”. ืื– ื‘ืื” ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื™ืงืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช.
ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื”ื›ืœ ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืื“ื. ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ืกื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืงื•ืœืงืœ.
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืงื ื”, ื”ืจื•ืง ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ืก. ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื”ื•ื ืืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื, ื•ืฉื ืื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื•ืงืŸ.
ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื™ื. ื‘ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืคืกื•ืœืช ื•ื”ืงื ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืจื•ืง. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื”. ืื ื”ืงื ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื• ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื”ืŸ ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”.


1 ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื–ื”ืจ ื“ืฃ ืคื˜/ื: "ืชืœืช ืืฆื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืœืžื•ืก ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืขืœื™ื™ื”ื• ืืžืจ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ืžื, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื ื›ืฉืœืฉ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช, ื•ืชืจื™ืŸ ืืฆื‘ืขืืŸ ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื“ืกืžื›ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืŸ, ื•ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื›ืชืจื™ ื’ืœื™ืžื™ ื“ืกื—ื™ืคื™ ืื”ื“ื“ื™.
2 ืกืคืจ ืคืจื“ืก ืจืžื•ื ื™ื โ€“ ืฉืขืจ ื›ื’ ืคืจืง ื—: "ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื’"ื› ืžืชื—ืœืงืช ืœื—ืœืงื™ื. ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื•ื”ื ื—ืžืฉื” ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœืžื•ืก, ื•ื”ืงื•ืœืžื•ืก ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื”ื™ื“ ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช, ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื ื›ืชื‘ืช ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช. ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืงื•ืœืžื•ืก ื”ื•ื ื”ืช"ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ืงื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ืข"ื”. ื•ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ื ื’' ื”ืื•ื—ื–ื™ื ื”ืงื•ืœืžื•ืก ื•ื”ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืช"ืช. ื•ืฉืชื™ื ื”ืกื•ื›ืžื™ื ืœืžื˜ื” ืฉื”ื ื›ืกื ื•ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’' ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืื•ื—ื–ื™ื ื”ืงื•ืœืžื•ืก ื”ื ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“. ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืจ"ืœ ืงืœืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื ืžืฆืืช ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืข"ื™ ืฉืฉื” ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช. ื•ื‘ืงืฆืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืข"ื™ ืช"ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื™ืงืจ ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื ืœืžืขืœื” ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืžืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืข"ื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืœื ื›"ื› ืฉืื™ื ื” ืืœื ืข"ื™ ื”ืช"ืช ื›ื“ืคื™'. ืืžื ื ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื”ืคืš ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืืœ ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื›ื™ ืขืงืจ ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”. ื›ืช"ื‘ ืจ"ืช, ื›ืช"ืจ ืชื•ืจ"ื” ื‘ืจื›"ื”. ื•ืฉืœืฉืชื ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”. ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืืœื™ื” ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืข"ื™ ื”ืช"ืช. ื•ืขืชื” ื™ืฆื“ืง ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืฉืžืืœ ืื• ืœื”ืคืš. ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฆื“ืง ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืžืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืื• ืœื”ืคืš ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืœืขื ื™ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื ื• ืžืคืฉืจืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื™ ืข"ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื".
3 ืข"ืค ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืž' (ืข"ื) ื•ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ (ืข').
4 ืฉื.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *