ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื›"ื– (ืข"ื‘) โ€“ ื›"ื— (ืข"ื) โ€“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื”ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
18/07/1980

ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื›"ื– (ืข"ื‘) โ€“ ื›"ื— (ืข"ื):

ืืžืจ ืขื•ืœื ืžื ื™ืŸ ืœื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืืžืจื” ื”ืืฉื” ืืžืŸ ืืžืŸ ื•ืชื ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ืืžืŸ ืืžืŸ ืืžืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืืœื” ืืžืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืืžืŸ ืื ืžืื™ืฉ ื–ื” ืืžืŸ ืื ืžืื™ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืืžืŸ ืฉืœื ืกื˜ื™ืชื™ ืืจื•ืกื” ื•ื ืฉื•ืื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจืช ื™ื‘ื ื•ื›ื ื•ืกื” ื”ืื™ ืืจื•ืกื” ื”ื™ื›ื™ ื“ืžื™ ืื™ืœื™ืžื ื“ืงื ื™ ืœื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืืจื•ืกื” ื•ืงื ืžืฉืงื™ ืœื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืืจื•ืกื” ื•ื”ืชื ืŸ ืืจื•ืกื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจืช ื™ื‘ื ืœื ืฉื•ืชื•ืช ื•ืœื ื ื•ื˜ืœื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืžื ืชื—ืช ืื™ืฉืš ืืžืจ ืจื—ืžื ื ื•ืœื™ื›ื ืืœื ื“ืงื ื™ ืœื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืืจื•ืกื” ื•ื ืกืชืจื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืืจื•ืกื” ื•ืงื ืžืฉืงื™ ืœื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืฉื•ืื” ืžื™ ื‘ื“ืงื™ ืœื” ืžื™ื ื•ื ืงื” ื”ืื™ืฉ ืžืขื•ืŸ ืืžืจ ืจื—ืžื ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืื™ืฉ ืžื ื•ืงื” ืžืขื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ืืฉืชื• ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืžื ื•ืงื” ืžืขื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ืืฉืชื• ืืœื ืข"ื™ ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ืืฉื›ื—ืŸ ืกื•ื˜ื” ื“ืื™ืกื•ืจื ืžืžื•ื ื ืžื ืœืŸ ืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืง"ื• ื•ืžื” ืกื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื”ืชื‘ืข ื‘ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื’ืœื’ืœื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชื‘ืข ื‘ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื’ืœื’ืœื™ืŸ ืืฉื›ื—ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืกืคืง ืžื ืœืŸ ืชื ื™ื ืจืฉื‘"ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื ืืžืจื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื ืืžืจื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื” ืกืคืง ื›ื•ื“ืื™ ืืฃ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืฉื” ื‘ื” ืกืคืง ื›ื•ื“ืื™.

ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื˜ื”. ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื˜ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืื—"ื› ื‘ืžื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืื• ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื.
ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืกื•ื˜ื” ื™ืฉ ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ื’ืžืจื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ืžืžื•ืŸ. ืืœื ืฉื›ืœืœ ื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• "ืžืžื•ื ื ืžืื™ืกื•ืจื ืœื ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ". ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื“ืฃ ื›"ื— ื‘ื“"ื” "ื ืืžืจื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื" ืžื‘ืืจื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉืœ "ืžืžื•ื ื ืžืื™ืกื•ืจื ืœื ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ" ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืจืง ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ "ื‘ืžื” ืžืฆื™ื ื•" ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžื•ื ื ืžืื™ืกื•ืจื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื•ืžื“ืช ื”ื’ืž' ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ:

ื•ืžื” ืกื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื”ืชื‘ืข ื‘ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื’ืœื’ืœื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชื‘ืข ื‘ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื’ืœื’ืœื™ืŸ?

ืกื•ื˜ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืจื ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืžื•ืจ. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชื•ื‘ืขื” ื‘ืขื“ ืื—ื“, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืžื™ืจื” ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœืกืชื™ืจืชื”. ืžืžื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืชื” ื”ื•ื ืงืœ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื ื‘ืกื•ื˜ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”, ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืœื™ืฉื‘ืข ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ื˜ืขื ื” ืื• ื”ื•ื›ื—ื”, ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ืžืžื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื•ืœื ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืื™ื–ื• ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืื• ื˜ืขื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”.
ืกื•ื˜ื” ื ื‘ื—ื ืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืงืœ, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื”.
ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ื’ืžืจื ื•ืฉื•ืืœืช:

ืืฉื›ื—ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ืื™, ืกืคืง ืžื ืœืŸ?

ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™:

ืžื ืœืŸ โ€“ ืื™ ืžืง"ื• ืœื ื“ืžื™ ื“ืกื•ื˜ื” ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขืชื” ืกืคืง ื•ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื ืžื™ ืกืคืง ืžืžื•ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขืชื• ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืื” ืืœื ื‘ื˜ืขื ืช ื•ื“ืื™โ€ฆ ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื“ื™ื“ื™ื” ื ืžื™ ื‘ื˜ืขื ืช ื•ื“ืื™ ื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ืขื ืช ืกืคืง.

ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืžืจื:

ืชื ื™ื ืจืฉื‘"ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื ืืžืจื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื ืืžืจื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื” ืกืคืง ื›ื•ื“ืื™ ืืฃ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืฉื” ื‘ื” ืกืคืง ื›ื•ื“ืื™.

ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื.
ื”ืชื•ืก' ื•ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืžื‘ืืจื™ื ืฉื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื•ื "ื‘ืžื” ืžืฆื™ื ื•". ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉ"ืžื” ืžืฆื™ื ื•" ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื‘.

ื•ืืข"ื’ ื“ื‘ืžื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืœื ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืžืžื•ื ื ืžืืกื•ืจื ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ (ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื) ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชืจ ื“ื’ืœื™ ืœืŸ ื”ืื™ ืง"ื• ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืžืžื•ื ื ืžืื™ืกื•ืจื, ื"ื› ืžื”ืฉืชื ืžืคืงื™ื ืŸ ืฉืคื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื "ืžื” ืžืฆื™ื ื•" ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกืคืง ื›ื•ื“ืื™.

ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœื‘ืžื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื, ืฉืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืืจ"ื™:

ื“ืจืฉื ื–ื• ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืฉืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžื”ืชืคืืจืช ืคืขื ื›ืš ื•ืคืขื ื›ืšโ€ฆ ื›ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืงืฆืช ืžืžื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ื•ืงืฆืช ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ื’ืžื•ืจื™ืโ€ฆ

ืื“ืจื‘ื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืœื ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืชื”ื ืงื•ืœื ื–ื• ืืฆืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืœ.
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื‘ ื‘ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืžืื‘ื•ืช (ืฉื‘ืช ืฆ"ื• ืข"ื‘):

ืกื‘ืจื ื”ื™ื โ€“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืชื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื•ืฆืื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืœื” ื›ืฉืืจ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžืœืื›ื•ืช.

ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื›ืŸ ืžืžื•ื ื ืžืื™ืกื•ืจื ืœื ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื‘. ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืชืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกืคืง ื›ื•ื“ืื™.
ื”ืื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ื ืืžืจืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”"ื‘ื ื™ื" ื”ื ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื ืืžืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
ื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœืื“ื ืขืฆืžื•. ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ืกื•ื˜ื” ื‘ืื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื–ื•ื•ื’ ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืœืื™ืฉ. ื”ื™ื ื ืืžืจืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืคื ื™ื. ื”ื™ื ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื—ื™' "ื•ื™ืงืจื ืฉืžื ืื“ื", ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืชืคืืจืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ืชืคืืจืช ืื“ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช" (ืืฉืชื• ื”ืœื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืชื•).
ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœืžืžื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ืœื‘ืจ ืžื’ื•ืคื" ืฉื–ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“.
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื‘ ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืคืืจืช ืœืฆื“ ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“.
ืœื“ืขืช ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ื ืืžืจื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื ืืžืจื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื" ืจื•ืžื– ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”.
ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ1:

โ€ฆ ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืงืืžืจ ืืฉื›ื—ืŸ ื•ื“ืื™ ื“ืืชื™ ืžืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืกืคืง ื“ืื™ื›ื ืœืžื™ืคืจืš ื‘ื™ื” ืžื ื ืœืŸ, ื•ืืžืจ ื“ืืชื™ ืžื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”.

ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื‘ื ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ื ืืžืจืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉืจืืช ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ื ืืžืจืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื™ืŸ.
ืกื•ื˜ื” ื‘ืื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืงืœืงื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื•ื ืงืœืงื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืชืŸ ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืื•ืžื”2.
ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ืฉื•ื” ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื’ื ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื•ืคื•ื’ืขืช ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืื“ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืคื™"ื ื”ื˜"ื– (ืฉืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœ"ื—):

ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืื™ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉื‘ืข ืื•ืžืจื™ืŸ ืœื• ื”ื•ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื ื–ื“ืขื–ืข ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืœื ืชืฉื ืืช ืฉื ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืœืฉื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื•ื ืงื” ื•ื›ืืŸ ื ืืžืจ ืœื ื™ื ืงื” ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื ืคืจืขื™ืŸ ืžืžื ื• ื•ื›ืืŸ ืžืžื ื• ื•ืžืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืฉืžื—ืคื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืคืจืข ืžืฉื•ื ืื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ืืœื” ื•ื›ื—ืฉ ื•ืจืฆื•ื— ื•ื’ื•' ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืชืื‘ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืืžืœืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืชื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืฉืœืฉื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ื•ื›ืืŸ ื ืคืจืขื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืชื™ื” ื ืื ื”' ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื” ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื ื‘ ื•ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืฉืžื™ ืœืฉืงืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืชื™ื” ืžื™ื“ ื•ื‘ืื” ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื ื‘ ื–ื” ื”ื’ื•ื ื‘ ื“ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืžื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ื˜ื•ืขื ื• ื‘ื—ื ื ื•ืžืฉื‘ื™ืขื• ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืฉืžื™ ืœืฉืงืจ ื›ืžืฉืžืขื• ื•ื›ืœืชื• ื•ืืช ืขืฆื™ื• ื•ืืช ืื‘ื ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืฉ ื•ืžื™ื ืžื›ืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ืฉืงืจ ืžื›ืœื” ืื•ืชืŸ.

 


1 ืืฃ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืืžืจ ืฉื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืžื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”, ื•ื“ื—ื” ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ืืžืจื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื•ื”ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ืจืง ื‘ืžื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืžืžื•ื ื ืžืื™ืกื•ืจื ืœื ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ื•ื›ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช.
2 ืขื™' ื‘ืžื "ื— ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉืก"ื” ืื•ืช ืœ"ื“ ื‘ื“"ื” "ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง" ืฉื“ืŸ ืื ืชืœื•ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื‘ื“ืขืช ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืื• ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื’ืœื’ื•ืœ. ืขื™ื™"ืฉ: "ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื”ื ื“ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืŸ ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืžื™ ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื“ืœื“ืขืชื• ื•ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ื”ื•ื ืื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ื•ืœื’ืœื’ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื‘ืข ืจืžื™ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉื‘ืข, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื™ื ื• ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืข ืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื›ืœืœ, ืื• ื“ื™ืœืžื ืœ"ืฉ. ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ, ื“ืื‘ื•ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื›ื•ืœื”ื• ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืžืกื•ื˜ื” ื“ืžื’ืœื’ืœ ืขืœื™ื” ืืžืŸ ืฉืœื ืฉื˜ื™ืช ืืจื•ืกื” ืžื™ ื”ื•ื” ืงืคื™ื“ื ื“ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœื’ืœื’ืœ ืื• ืœื. ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ืื ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ืœื’ืœ ืฉืœื ืฉื˜ื™ืช ืžืื™ืฉ ืื—ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื•ื—ืฉื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžืื™ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืฆ"ื‘ ืื ืžื’ืœื’ืœื™ืŸ ืืฃ ื›ื™ ืœื ื˜ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื—ื•ืฉื“ื” ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื• ืœื. ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืคืจืง ื“' ืžืกื•ื˜ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืขืœ ืœื’ืœื’ืœ ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœื’ืœื’ืœ ืื ื™ืจืฆื”, [ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื"ืฉ ื“ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ืœื’ืœ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื ื•ืฉืคื™ืจ ืžืฉื›ื—ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื•ืขืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฉื•ืชื” ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ืฉื•ืชื”]. ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื“ืฉืื•ืœื” ื•ืฉื›ื•ืจื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ืื™ ื˜ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืข ืœื™ ืžืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืœื™ื” ื•ืื ืœืื• ืœื ืžืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืœื™ื”, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ืฉื•ืžืจื™ืŸ ื“ืืฃ ืื ืœื ื˜ืขื™ืŸ ืžืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืœื™ื” ื›ื•', ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื“ื“ื•ืงื ืื ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื• ืžืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื•ืจืื™ื” ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื˜ืขื ืช ืกืคืง ืžื’ืœื’ืœ ืขืœื™ื•".

 

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *