ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืกืคืจื ื' โ€“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื‘

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื”ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
18/07/1980

ืกืคืจื ื'

(ื’) ืœื ืื ืืžืจืช ื‘ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชืืžืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ื"ืž ืฉืื™ื ื• ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืจื™ ืืชื” ื“ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื‘ ืœื ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจ ืกื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื—ืœื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ื”ืจื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืชื—ืœื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื•ืช. ื•ืœื ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื”ืจื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจ ืกื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ: (ื“) ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื” ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืคื™ ืงื“ืฉ ืœืžืฉื”. ื•ื”ืงื“ื™ื ืงืจื™ืื” ืœื“ื‘ื•ืจ. ืืฃ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืžืคื™ ืงื“ืฉ ืœืžืฉื” ื”ืงื“ื™ื ืงืจื™ืื” ืœื“ื‘ื•ืจ.

ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื‘:

ืžื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื‘ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื—ื“. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืชืงื‘ืœ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืชืคืืจืช ื”ื ืงืจื ืื‘, ื‘ื ื˜ื•ืชื• ืœืฆื“ ื”ื ืฆื—. ืื• ื”ื”ื•ื“ ื”ื ืงืจื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื—ื“. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื‘ ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื—ื“: ืžื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื‘ ืžืฉื ื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“. ื–ื• ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื‘ ืžื‘' ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื”ื ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“.

ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™' ืชืคืืจืช ื‘ื ื˜ื•ืชื• ืœืžืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™' ื ืฆื—. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื‘.
ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื” ื”ื™ื ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ืืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื.

ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ืœืžืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืื‘ ื”ืžืœืžื“ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืŸ.
ืฉื ื”' ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชืคืืจืช1 ืฉื”ื•ื ืื‘. ื•ืžืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื ืฆื—2 ื‘ื—ื™' ื‘ืŸ ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”'". ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“3 ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ื“.


1 ืฉืขืจื™ ืื•ืจื” (ื”ืฉืขืจ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ โ€“ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช): "ืื‘ืœ ืฉื ื™ืงื•"ืง ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื• ืืžืฆืขื™ ื ืงืจื ืชืคืืจืช, ื›ืืžืจื•: ืœืš ื™ืงื•"ืง ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ"ื” ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจ"ื” ื•ื”ืชืคืืจ"ืช (ื“ื‘"ื”ื™, ื›ื˜, ื™ื), ื’ื“ื•ืœ"ื” ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื’ื‘ื•ืจ"ื” ืžืฉืžืืœ, ืชืคืืจ"ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืข".
ื•ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื™ืขืงื‘ (ืขืจืš ื™ืฆ): "ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื•ื™"ื” ื›ื ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืคืืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ".
ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉืœ"ื” (ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืื“ื โ€“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”' (ืœ)): "ื”ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ืงื•"ืง ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœืœ ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืชืคืืจืช, ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืืฉืชื• ื›ื’ื•ืคื•. ื›ื™ ืชืคืืจืช ืฉืฉื” ืงืฆื•ื•ืช [ื”ื’"ื” ื•ืืœื• ื”ืฉืฉื” ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ืคื•ืœื™ื ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ืฉืฉื” ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืฉื” ืœืจื—ืžื™ื, ื”ื ื™"ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื™ ืืœื›ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื™"ื‘ ืฆืจื•ืคื™ ืฉื ื”ื•ื™"ื”.] ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืขืœื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ืขืช, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ืชืคืืจืช, ืจืง ื”ื“ืขืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืขืœื ืฉืœ ืชืคืืจืช, ืืžื ื ื”ื›ืœ ืชืคืืจืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืงืจื ืชืคืืจืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ืงื•"ืง, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ืงื•"ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” 'ื—ื•ืœื' 'ืฉื‘ื' 'ืงืžืฅ', ื•ืกื™ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ 'ื—ืฉืง' ื™ืงื•"ืง, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืชืคืืจืช, ืžื˜ืขื ื›ื™ ืฉื ื™ืงื•"ืง ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื›ื“ืคื™ืจืฉื ื•, ื•ื›ืœืœ ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืชืคืืจืช. ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืงื•"ืง, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื”ืขืฆื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืงืจื ืฉื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช".
2 ืขื™' ื–ื”ืจ ื—"ื’ ืจืž"ื’.: "ืžื•ืœื™ืš ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”, ื“ืื™ื”ื• ื ืฆื—".
3 ืขื™' ื‘ืกืคืจ ืื•ืจ ื•ืขืจื‘ (ื—ืœืง ื’ ืคืจืง ื”): "ื’ื ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ ื™ืงืจืื• ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”', ื•ืืžืจ, ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ืš ืฉื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืจื›ื‘ื” ืืœ ื”ืช"ืช ื”ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”'".
ื•ื‘ืฉืขืจ ืžืืžืจื™ ืจืฉื‘"ื™: "ื›ื™ ื™ืจืžื•ื– ืœืฉื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“. ื•ืœืคื™ ืฉืฉื ื™ื ืืœื• ื ืงืจืื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื ื›ื“"ื ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”'".

 

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *