ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื‘ื”ืขืœื•ืชืš (ื—"ื’ ืงืž"ื˜ ืข"ื) โ€“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืœืœืžื“ ืœื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืฆื ืืœื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื™ืฆื

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื”ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
18/07/1980

ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืœืžื“ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืœืœืžื“ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื–ื” ืข"ืค ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืืจ"ื™.

ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื‘ื”ืขืœื•ืชืš (ื—"ื’ ืงืž"ื˜ ืข"ื ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื):

ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ื•ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ ื•ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื™ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš, ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืืœื• ื”ืจื™ ื—ื•ืฉืš. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื ืฉื ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ื•ืจืื” ืืœื• ื”ืจื™ื ื”ืจืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื• ื—ืฉื›ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืื™ืžื”. ืืžืจ ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ืืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ืืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื™ ื›ืืŸ, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืชื™ื™ืจื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืฉืœืฉื”, ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•, ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ.
ืคืชื— ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ื•ืืžืจ, ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื•ืชื ื— ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื•ื’ื•' ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ ืืจืจื˜ ื•ื’ื•'". ื›ืžื” ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืœื” ื•ืžืœื” ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื ืงืจืืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”. ื•ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื™"ื’ ืžื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืœืœืžื“, ืœื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืฆื ืืœื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื™ืฆื. ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžืžื ื” ืกืคื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืคื•ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื, ืืœื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืฆื ืืœื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื™ืฆื, ื›ื™ ื”ืกืคื•ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื• ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื”ื™ื, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื™ืฆื, ืืœื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื™ืฆื.
ื›ืžื• ื–ื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘, "ื•ืชื ื— ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื” ืขืฉืจ ื™ื•ื ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ ืืจืจื˜". ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืงืจื ื–ื” ื™ืฆื ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ื ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืžื” ืื›ืคืช ืœื ื• ืื ื ื—ื” ื‘ื”ืจ ื–ื” ืื• ื‘ื–ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื›ืจื—ื” ืœื ื•ื— ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื. ืืœื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื™ืฆืโ€ฆ
ื‘ื•ื ื•ืจืื”, "ื•ืชื ื— ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”". ืžืงืจื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืš, ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื. ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืกื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื›ืกื ื”ื”ื•ื, ื›ืžื” ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื ืจืฉืžื• ื‘ื•, ื›ืžื” ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื’ื ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš, ื›ืœ ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื ื’ื ื–ื• ืฉืžื”, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ืœื ื ืฉื›ื— ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœืš. ื•ื›ืกื ื”ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื•ืงืŸ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืจื” ืืœื ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื™ื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืคืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื•, ื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืกื ื”ื”ื•ื. ื•ืขืœ ื–ื”, "ื•ืชื ื— ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™". ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื•ื“ืื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
"ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ ืืจืจื˜" ("ืืจืจื˜" ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืืจื•ืจ, ืจื•ืžื– ืขืœ) ืืœื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื™ื‘ื‘ื” ื•ื™ืœืœื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ื•ื›ืžื” ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืชื—ืช ื›ืกื ื”ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืชืคืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื, ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ื ื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื•, ื•ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ, ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืžื”ืคืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืจื—ืžื™ื. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืืฉืจื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ ืชืจื•ืขื”". ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื, ืฉืžื™ ืฉืชื•ืงืข, ื™ื“ืข ืขื™ืงืจ (ืกื•ื“) ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืชืจื•ืขื”, ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘, "ืืฉืจื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ ืชืจื•ืขื”", ื•ืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืชื•ืงืขื™ ืชืจื•ืขื”โ€ฆ

ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืงืจื“ื•, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื—ืฉืš, ื”ืจื™ ืืจืจื˜, ื•ืชืงืคื ืคื—ื“. ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื”ื ืžื ื•ืชืงื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื’ืขื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื•ืื™ืžืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืขืœื™ื”ื.
ื•ืื– ื“ืจืฉื• ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ืชื ื— ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ ืืจืจื˜".
ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฆื ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœืคืกื•ืงื™ื”, ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœืžื, ืฉื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” "ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœืš" ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ื”. ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื•, ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืœืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืจื–ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืกื•ืง ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื”.
ืืฃ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื ื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ ืืจืจื˜ ื™ืฆืื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ, ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืชื” ื‘ืžื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ. ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื›ืžืขืจืช ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ, ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืืช ืฉืคืขื. ื›ืฉื ื—ื” ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื™ืฆืื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื” ืœื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื.
ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืœืœืžื“ ื•ื›ื•' ืžืชื‘ืืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”.
ืืฃ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื™ืฆืื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื ืคืจื“ื” ืžืžื ื•, ื›ื ืงื‘ื” ื”ื ื ืกืจืช ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื›ืจ, ื•ืœื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื” ื™ืฆืื” ื›ื™ ืื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืืœื™ื• ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื.
ื•ื”ื›ืœ "ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™" ื”ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื ื™ืชืงื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ื™ืฆืื” ืœืœืžื“.
ื‘ืชืงื™ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ืื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืฉืจืฉื”, ื•ืžืžืชืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื ืขืฉื” ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืงื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ. ืื ื• ืžืžืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชืžืชืง ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉื•.
ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืงืจื“ื•, ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ืชื ื— ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื•ื’ื•'", ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื” ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื”, ื›ื•ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืœืœืžื“ ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืžืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืจ"ื” ื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžืชืง ื‘ืฉืจืฉื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืงื™ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ.

ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืจื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืื• ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืš ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืชื™ื‘ืช ื ื— ื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฆื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืชืืจื™ืš ื‘ื• ื ื—ื” ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื”ื ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืงื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ื” ืœื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืฆื ืฉื ื“ืข ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื•ืžืชื™ ื ื—ื” ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ืืœื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืžืชื—ื‘ืจืช ืขื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆืื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืคืืจืช. ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื ื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ ืืจืจื˜ ืฉื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ืชืืจื™ืš ื‘ื”ื ื ื—ื” ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื”ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ืชื ื— ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”" ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืœืœืžื“ ืœื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืฆื ื›ื™ ืื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื™ืฆื?
ื”ืืจ"ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื–ื• ื ื ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื”ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ.
ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช (ืค"ื’ ืž"ื–-ื—'):

โ€ฆื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืื—ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืชื• ืกืžื•ืš ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ืฉืžืข ืงื•ืœ ืฉื•ืคืจ ืื• ืงื•ืœ ืžื’ืœื”, ืื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื•, ื™ืฆื. ื•ืื ืœืื•, ืœื ื™ืฆื. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื–ื” ืฉืžืข ื•ื–ื” ืฉืžืข, ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื• ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื•.
"ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉื” ื™ื“ื• ื•ื’ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื’ื•'" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™"ื–), ื•ื›ื™ ื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื• ืฉื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืืœื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžืฉืขื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ืœื‘ื ืœืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ืื ืœืื•, ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ืคืœื™ืŸ. ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›"ื): "ืขืฉื” ืœืš ืฉืจืฃ ื•ืฉื™ื ืืชื• ืขืœ ื ืก ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื•ืš ื•ืจืื” ืึนืชื• ื•ื—ื™". ื•ื›ื™ ื ื—ืฉ ืžืžื™ืช ืื• ื ื—ืฉ ืžื—ื™ื”. ืืœื, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ืŸ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžืฉืขื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ืœื‘ื ืœืื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืจืคืื™ื, ื•ืื ืœืื•, ื”ื™ื• ื ืžื•ืงื™ื.

ืกื™ื•ื ืžืฉื ื” ื–' ืชืžื•ื”. ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ "ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื–ื” ืฉืžืข ื•ื–ื” ืฉืžืข, ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื• ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื•" โ€“ ื ืจืื” ืžื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ.
ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื ื” ื—'. ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžืฉื ื” ื–', ื•ืื ื›ืŸ, ืžื”ื• ื”ืงืฉืจ?
ื ืจืื”, ืฉืจืžื– ืจืžื–ื• ืœื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื™ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช. ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ "ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื–ื” ืฉืžืข ื•ื–ื” ืฉืžืข, ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื• ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื•", ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœื‘ื“ื•, ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืœื‘, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ื‘ืื” ืžืฉื ื” ื—' ื•ืžื‘ืืจืช ืืช ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืœื‘, ืฉืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืœื‘ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™, ื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื.
ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ืกืชืจืช ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ื’ืœื”, ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืกืชืจ.
ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื”ืจ ื”ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื:

ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื, ืฉืžื™ ืฉืชื•ืงืข, ื™ื“ืข ืขื™ืงืจ (ืกื•ื“) ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืชืจื•ืขื”, ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘, "ืืฉืจื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ ืชืจื•ืขื”", ื•ืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืชื•ืงืขื™ ืชืจื•ืขื”โ€ฆ

ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื–ื• "ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ" โ€“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืžืขืชื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื ืคืจื“, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ. ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื• ื—ื•ืงื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช, ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืช ื”' ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช. ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื•ื "ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ".
ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ืขื ื‘ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™, ื™ืฉื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ โ€“ ืžื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื•, ื•ืžื”ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืœืขื•ืœื. ื–ื”ื• ื™ื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืื•ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืš ื•ืคื—ื“ โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ืืจืจื˜ (ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืืจื•ืจ).
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืจื—ืžื™ื? ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™?
ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืจื—ืžื™ื. "ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืœืœืžื“ โ€“ ืœื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืฆื, ืืœื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื™ืฆื". ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ, ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืžืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ โ€“ ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื. ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืฉื•ืจืฉื•.
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ืง ืžืฉื•ืจืฉื•, ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืžื ื• ื™ืฆื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื“ื™ืŸ.
ืืš "ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืžืชืง ืืœื ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉื•" (ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืจ ื™"ื’ ืคื™"ื). ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืžืชืง ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœืงืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืฉื•ืจืฉื• ื•ืœืžืงื•ืจื•, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ื™ืชื•ืง ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ.
ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™, ืฉื‘ื• ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืชื ืชืง ืžืžืงื•ืจื• ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืงื•ืจื•, ื•ืžืจืื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ โ€“ ืžืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื•. ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื ื” ื ื™ืชื•ืง, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื ืฉืืจ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืฉื•ืจืฉื•, ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื—ื™ื•ืชื•.
ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืœ ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ. "ืืœื, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ืŸ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžืฉืขื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ืœื‘ื ืœืื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื" โ€“ ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื ื—ืฉ ื”ืžืžื™ืช ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื ื—ืฉ ืžื—ื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืชื”ืคื›ื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืœื‘, ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืจื—ืžื™ื, ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ืง ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ืขืช ืงื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื‘ โ€“ ืœืฉืขื‘ื“ ืืช ืœื‘ื ื• ืœืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื.
ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ืื ื• ืžืžืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”' ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืžื’ืœื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื• ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžืฉื•ืจืฉื• ืืœื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ื•ืื ื•, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื ื•, ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื•.
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืืœื™ื” ืจืžื–ื” ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื” โ€“ "ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื• ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื•", ื•ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืœื‘ ืœืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื.
ืฉืžื™ืขืช ืงื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ืœืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืกืคื™ืงื”, ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื ืฆืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืชื•ืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉื• โ€“ ื”ืžืœื›ืช ื”' ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื” ื ืคืจื“ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืžื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš.
ืืฃ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”"ืง, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ โ€“ ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื•.
ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื, ืœื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื™ืฆืื•, ืœืœืžื“ ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ืžื”ื• ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื• โ€“ ืฉื›ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืืœื” ื™ืฆืื• ืžื›ืœืœ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžื ื•ืชืงื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืืœื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืืœื™ื•, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืœื™ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *