ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืคืจืฉื” ื‘ โ€“ ืคืกืงื” ื–

ืžื“ืจืฉ >> ืงื”ืœืช ืจื‘ื”
ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื•ืณ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื”
 
13/07/2005

ืงื”ืœืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื‘' ืคืกื•ืง ื“', "ื”ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืžืขืฉื™", ื'

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ "ื“ืจื›ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื“ืจืฉ". ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืžื”ื• ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ.

"ื”ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืžืขืฉื™", ืืžืจ ืฉืœืžื” "ื”ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืžืขืฉื™" ืžืžืขืฉื” ืื‘ื•ืชื™. "ื”ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืžืขืฉื™", ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ื•ื™ืขืฉ ื”ืžืœืš ื›ืกื ืฉืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื’ื•'". "ื‘ื ื™ืชื™ ืœื™ ื‘ืชื™ื", ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืžืงืฅ ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืžื” ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื". "ื ื˜ืขืชื™ ืœื™ ื›ืจืžื™ื", ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื›ืจื ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืŸ".

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
"ื”ึดื’ึฐื“ึผึทืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึธื™ ื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืœึดื™ ื‘ึผึธืชึผึดื™ื ื ึธื˜ึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึดื™ ื›ึผึฐืจึธืžึดื™ื". ืืžืจ ืฉืœืžื”: "ื”ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืžืขืฉื™" ืžืžืขืฉื” ืื‘ื•ืชื™. "ื”ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืžืขืฉื™", ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ โ€“ ื–ื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื' ื™', ื™"ื—-ื›'): "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึทืฉื‚ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ื›ึผึดืกึผึตื ืฉืึตืŸ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึทื™ึฐืฆึทืคึผึตื”ื•ึผ ื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ืžื•ึผืคึธื–. ืฉืึตืฉื ืžึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืช ืœึทื›ึผึดืกึผึตื” ื•ึฐืจึนืืฉื ืขึธื’ึนืœ ืœึทื›ึผึดืกึผึตื” ืžึตืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื• ื•ึฐื™ึธื“ึนืช ืžึดื–ึผึถื” ื•ึผืžึดื–ึผึถื” ืึถืœ ืžึฐืงื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื‘ึถืช ื•ึผืฉืึฐื ึทื™ึดื ืึฒืจึธื™ื•ึนืช ืขึนืžึฐื“ึดื™ื ืึตืฆึถืœ ื”ึทื™ึผึธื“ื•ึนืช. ื•ึผืฉืึฐื ึตื™ื ืขึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ืึฒืจึธื™ึดื™ื ืขึนืžึฐื“ึดื™ื ืฉืึธื ืขึทืœ ืฉืึตืฉื ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืช ืžึดื–ึผึถื” ื•ึผืžึดื–ึผึถื” ืœึนื ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึธื” ื›ึตืŸ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึทืžึฐืœึธื›ื•ึนืช". "ื‘ื ื™ืชื™ ืœื™ ื‘ืชื™ื", ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื' ื˜', ื™'): "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืžึดืงึฐืฆึตื” ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ืฉืึธื ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธื ึธื” ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื” ืึถืช ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืชึผึดื™ื ืึถืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”' ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ". "ื ื˜ืขืชื™ ืœื™ ื›ืจืžื™ื", ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื—', ื™"ื): "ื›ึผึถืจึถื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึดืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื” ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึทืขึทืœ ื”ึธืžื•ึนืŸ ื ึธืชึทืŸ ืึถืช ื”ึทื›ึผึถืจึถื ืœึทื ึผึนื˜ึฐืจึดื™ื ืึดื™ืฉื ื™ึธื‘ึดื ื‘ึผึฐืคึดืจึฐื™ื•ึน ืึถืœึถืฃ ื›ึผึธืกึถืฃ".

ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ: ื. ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ โ€“ ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช, ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื” ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘. ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื”ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ื’. ื”ืขื•ื ื™ โ€“ ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช.

ื‘ืกื“ืจืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžืชืืจ ืฉืœืžื” ืืช ืขืฉืจื• ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื•1:

ื”ึดื’ึฐื“ึผึทืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึธื™ ื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืœึดื™ ื‘ึผึธืชึผึดื™ื ื ึธื˜ึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึดื™ ื›ึผึฐืจึธืžึดื™ื. ืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืœึดื™ ื’ึผึทื ึผื•ึนืช ื•ึผืคึทืจึฐื“ึผึตืกึดื™ื ื•ึฐื ึธื˜ึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึธื”ึถื ืขึตืฅ ื›ึผึธืœ ืคึผึถืจึดื™. ืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืœึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืจึตื›ื•ึนืช ืžึธื™ึดื ืœึฐื”ึทืฉืึฐืงื•ึนืช ืžึตื”ึถื ื™ึทืขึทืจ ืฆื•ึนืžึตื—ึท ืขึตืฆึดื™ื. ืงึธื ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึดื™ื ื•ึผืฉืึฐืคึธื—ื•ึนืช ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึทื™ึดืช ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึดื™ ื’ึผึทื ืžึดืงึฐื ึถื” ื‘ึธืงึธืจ ื•ึธืฆึนืืŸ ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื” ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึดื™ ืžึดื›ึผึนืœ ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืœึฐืคึธื ึทื™ ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื. ื›ึผึธื ึทืกึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึดื™ ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึถืกึถืฃ ื•ึฐื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ื•ึผืกึฐื’ึปืœึผึทืช ืžึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึฐื“ึดื™ื ื•ึนืช ืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืœึดื™ ืฉืึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืึธืจื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืชึทืขึฒื ึปื’ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ืฉืึดื“ึผึธื” ื•ึฐืฉืึดื“ึผื•ึนืช. ื•ึฐื’ึธื“ึทืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนืกึทืคึฐืชึผึดื™ ืžึดื›ึผึนืœ ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึฐืคึธื ึทื™ ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื ืึทืฃ ื—ึธื›ึฐืžึธืชึดื™ ืขึธืžึฐื“ึธื” ืœึผึดื™. ื•ึฐื›ึนืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฉืึธืึฒืœื•ึผ ืขึตื™ื ึทื™ ืœึนื ืึธืฆึทืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ืžึตื”ึถื ืœึนื ืžึธื ึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ืœึดื‘ึผึดื™ ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึดื‘ึผึดื™ ืฉื‚ึธืžึตื—ึท ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืขึฒืžึธืœึดื™ ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื—ึถืœึฐืงึดื™ ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืขึฒืžึธืœึดื™. ื•ึผืคึธื ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึทื™ ืฉืึถืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื™ึธื“ึทื™ ื•ึผื‘ึถืขึธืžึธืœ ืฉืึถืขึธืžึทืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ื”ึถื‘ึถืœ ื•ึผืจึฐืขื•ึผืช ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ื™ึดืชึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ืชึผึทื—ึทืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึถืฉื.

ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ ื•ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžืกืงื ื”: "ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืœ ื•ืจืขื•ืช ืจื•ื—".
ืกื“ืจืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื–ื•, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื“'-ื—' ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืฆื•ืจื•ืช. ื”ื“ืจืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื”, ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืคืฉื˜ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื. ื—ื–"ืœ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืœึฐืžื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื”ืœืช. ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื” ืฉืœื ื›ืคื™ ื”ืคืฉื˜ โ€“ ื”ืื—ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชืŸ ืœืืจืฅ2.
ื”ื“ืจืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื–ื•ืงืงืช ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ. ืžื” ื‘ืื” ื”ื“ืจืฉื” ืœืœืžื“ื ื•? ื•ื”ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจืฉื” ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืžืื•ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื!
ืžื™ืœื” ืื—ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืื•ืชื” ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ, ื•ืœื ืจืง ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”:

"ื”ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืžืขืฉื™", ืืžืจ ืฉืœืžื”: ื”ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืžืขืฉื™ ืžืžืขืฉื” ืื‘ื•ืชื™.

ื ืจืื” ืฉืขืžื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื“ืจืฉื”.

ืžื”ื ืžืขืฉื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื?

ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื›ึผึฐื›ึทืœึผื•ึนืช ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื” ืœึดื‘ึฐื ื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”' ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ื•ึฐืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื—ึตืฉืึถืง ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื—ึธืคึตืฅ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช3.

ืžื”ื• "ื—ืฉืง ืฉืœืžื” ืืฉืจ ื—ืคืฅ ืœืขืฉื•ืช"? ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืžืœื‘ื™"ื:

ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”' ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื, ื•ื–ื•ืœืช ื–ื” ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื ืจืง ืฉื—ืคืฅ ืœืขืฉื•ืช โ€“ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื˜ื•ืข ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืืฃ ืฉืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืžืขืฉื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื”ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืžืขืฉื™ ื‘ื ื™ืชื™ ืœื™ ื‘ืชื™ื".

ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ืฉืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš, ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื• ืืช ืฉืžื•.
ืžื“ื•ืข ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืœืžื” ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš? ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืืจ ื‘ื›ืš?
ื ืจืื”, ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช (ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื•ืช) ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™. ื›ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืงื•ืจื”. ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื” ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื? ืœืฉื ืžื” ื ื‘ืจืื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื–ื•?
ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืืœื•ืงื™ืช. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื›ื•ื ืช ื ืคืฉ ืฉื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืื“ื. ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื” ืชื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืฉืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื. ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”4.
ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ืจืง ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื•ื—ื”, ืงืœื” ื•ืจื—ื‘ื”. ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ื”ื•ื ื• ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืฉื•.
ืžืฉืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื”?
ืœืื“ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•.
ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœ, ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื˜ืจื”, ื•ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช.
ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœ, ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืืžืฆืขื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœ.
ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืœ. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื“ื, ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืง ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื, ื•ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืขืฉื™ื”.
ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืจื ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืขืฉื™ื” ื”ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืจื”, ื•ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื, ืœื‘ื ื•ืชื• ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•.
ื›ืš ื ืชื‘ืจืš ื•ื ืฆื˜ื•ื” ื”ืื“ื5:

ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึถืšึฐ ืึนืชึธื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืœึธื”ึถื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืคึผึฐืจื•ึผ ื•ึผืจึฐื‘ื•ึผ ื•ึผืžึดืœึฐืื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐื›ึดื‘ึฐืฉืึปื”ึธ ื•ึผืจึฐื“ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดื“ึฐื’ึทืช ื”ึทื™ึผึธื ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขื•ึนืฃ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ื—ึทื™ึผึธื” ื”ึธืจึนืžึถืฉื‚ึถืช ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ.

ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื• ื•ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ืœื.
ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืื“ื ื—ืกืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืขื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• โ€“ ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืœื›ืกื•ืช ื•ืœืงื•ืจืช ื’ื’. ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” "ืžื•ื›ืจื—" ื”ืื“ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื–ื• ื’ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ื ืงืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื•6.
ื”ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ืžื•. ืื“ื ืฉื‘ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืจ, ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืกืชืคืง ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืžื•ืŸ ืœืคืจื ืกืชื• ื•ืคืจื ืกืช ืื ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืชื•, ื”ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืœื”ื ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื”. ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืœืคืชื—, ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื•ืœืฉื›ืœืœ ืืช ืขืกืงื™ื•. ืžื“ื•ืข? ืฉื›ืŸ ืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ืžื•ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื•, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ื•ื—ืคืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช.
ื ืžืฆื, ืฉืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืฆื•ืจืš, ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืœืžื“ืช ื›ื™ ืขื•ืฉืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืœื• ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืืœื•ืงื™ืช, ื•ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืงืจื™. ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื”: "ื”ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืžืขืฉื™", ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš, ื•ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื• ืืช ืฉืžื• ื•ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืขืœ ืžื”ื•ืช ืขื•ืฉืจื•.

"ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ"
ื›ืš ืžื‘ืืจ ืจ' ืฆื“ื•ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ: "ื›ืžื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืชื—ืช ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื”ืจืื”ื• ืœืžืฉื”". ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืจ' ืฆื“ื•ืง ื’ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืœืžื”: "ื”ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืžืขืฉื™"7:

โ€ฆ'ื›ืžื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ ื”ืจืื” ืœืžืฉื” ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• ื›ื–ื” ื™ืชื ื•', ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืจืื” ืœื• ื›ื— ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ืโ€ฆ ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืงื”ืœืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืคืจื˜ ืžืขืฉื™ื• "ื”ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืžืขืฉื™ ื•ื’ื•' ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœื™ ื•ื’ื•'" ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ, ืืžืจ "ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืงื™ ืžื›ืœ ืขืžืœื™", ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืคืœืื™ื, ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื”ืฉืืจื” ื•ืงื™ื•ื ืจืง ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืžื” ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื.

ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืื™ื ื” ืจืง ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช. ื™ืฉ ืชื—ืช ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ "ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ", ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”. ืืฃ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื”, ืขื ื›ืœ ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื, ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ โ€“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืงื™ื•ื.
ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืžืขืฉื™ ืฉืœืžื” ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ื•ืœื ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ. ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืืœื•ืงื™ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื”, ืืœื ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœื” ืขืœ ืฉืœืžื”, ืœื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื•.

ืžื”ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื•ืช
ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื•ืช. ื ืจืื”, ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืชื ืื™ื8:

ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœืงื˜ ืฉื›ื—ื” ื•ืคืื” ื•ืžืขืฉืจ ืขื ื™, ื™ื˜ื•ืœ, ื•ื›ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื™ืฉืœื, ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ. ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืขื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื”.

ืžื”ื• ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช?
ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ืื“ื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ โ€“ ื ืงืจื ืขื ื™, ืืฃ ืื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืจ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ืžื” ืœืคืจื ืก ืขืฆืžื•, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ืขื ื™.
ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ "ืขื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื”"9. ืขื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืงืจื ืขื ื™, ืืฃ ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืžืžื•ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื•. ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ืœื• ืฆื“ืงื” ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื ืคืฉื•, ืืš ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื–ืืช, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืขื ื™. ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช. ืžืงื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื›ื•ืœื ื ื‘ืจืื• ื–ื›ืจ ื•ื ืงื‘ื” โ€“ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ. ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืชื’ืœื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ื”ืขื ื™. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ืช ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืกื“ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืขื ื™ื™ื, ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื.

1 ืงื”ืœืช ื‘', ื“'-ื™"ื.
2 ืœืงืžืŸ ืคืกื•ืง ื—' ืคืกืงืื•ืช ื'-ื‘'.
3 ืžืœื›ื™ื ื' ื˜', ื'.
4 ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืค"ื• ืข"ื): "ืจื‘ื™ ืžื›ื‘ื“ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืžื›ื‘ื“ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื". ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืžืžืœื ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื•, ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“. ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื”ืจืฉื“"ื ืื•"ื— ืชืฉ' ืœ"ื–), ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืœืœื›ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื, ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ: "ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ืจืฉืชื™ ืœืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ืชื•ืจืชื™ื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืงื•ืจื ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคื ื™ื ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ 'ื•ื”ืจืขื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ' ืืœื• ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื. ื ืžืฆื ืฉืื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ืคื ื™ื ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื ื”ื ืื—ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ื ืจืื•ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื ืืœื ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ืโ€ฆ ืฉื—ืžืฉื” ืื• ืขืฉืจื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืืœืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืœืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ 'ื›ื™ ื‘ืฆืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื›ื•", ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื’' ืžืชื ื•ืช ื ืชืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื—ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืฉืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”".
5 ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื', ื›"ื—.
6 ืขื™' ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘', ืขืž' ืฉืก"ื’.
7 ืคืจื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืœืคืจืฉืช ืชืฆื•ื”, ื™'.
8 ืคืื” ืค"ื” ืž"ื“.
9 ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื–ื•, ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™. ื›ื ื’ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ: "ืœื ื™ืฉืœื". ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ: "ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™". ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื–ื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ื–ื•, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืœื”ืขืžืงื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื. ื ืจืื”, ืฉืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืจืžื– ืœืกื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ืขื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื”" ืื™ื ื ื• ืงื™ื™ื. ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื™ ืื• ืขืฉื™ืจ, ืืš ืื™ืŸ "ืขื ื™ ืœื–ืžืŸ". ืœื“ืขืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ. ืื ืจืฉืื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืงื‘ืœ โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื ื™, ื’ื ืื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ืžื ื™, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื–ื• ืฆื“ืงื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”. ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืื™ื ื ื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืขื ื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ืฆืจืš ืœืžืžื•ืŸ ืขืงื‘ ืžืฆื‘ื•.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *