ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืื–ืจื— ื”ืงื˜ืŸ

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื›ืดื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื‘
 
05/07/2002

ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืื–ืจื— ื”ืงื˜ืŸ

ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช ืคื•ืชื—ืช ื‘ืคืกื•ืง1: "ื–ืืช ื—ื•ืงืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืฉืจ ืฆื™ื•ื” ื”' ืœืืžืจโ€ฆ".
ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื–ืืช ื—ื•ืงืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”" ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฆืคื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืฆื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื”.
ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื–ื”, ื•ื›ืš ื“ืจืฉื•2:

ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ 'ื™ื”ื™ ืœื‘ื™ ืชืžื™ื ื‘ื—ืงื™ืš' ื–ื” ื—ืงืช ื”ืคืกื— ื•ื—ืงืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื” ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื–ื”, ื‘ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ื–ืืช 'ื—ืงืช ื”ืคืกื—' ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ 'ื–ืืช ื—ืงืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”' ื•ืื™ ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ื–ื• ื—ืงื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื•, ืžืฉืœ ืœื‘' ืžื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืื—ืช ื ืจืื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช, ืžื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื• ืื•ืชื” ืฉื—ื‘ืจืชื” ืžืœื•ื” ืื•ืชื” ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืื—ืจื™ื”, ื›ืš ื‘ืคืกื— ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• ื—ืงื” ื•ื‘ืคืจื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื” ื—ืงื”, ื•ืžื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืคืจื” ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ ืคืกื— ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™"ื˜) 'ื•ืœืงื—ื• ืœื˜ืžื ืžืขืคืจ ืฉืจื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื˜ืืช', ื”ื•ื™ 'ื›ืœ ื‘ืŸ ื ื›ืจ ืœื ื™ืื›ืœ ื‘ื•'.

ืฉืืœืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ "ื•ืื™ ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ื–ื• ื—ื•ืงื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื•" ืื™ื ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ื™ ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื—ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืืฃ ืื ื™ืฉ ืื—ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ?
ื—ื•ืงืช ื”ืคืกื— ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช3: "ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”' ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ืื”ืจืŸ ื–ืืช ื—ื•ืงืช ื”ืคืกื— ื›ืœ ื‘ืŸ ื ื›ืจ ืœื ื™ืื›ืœ ื‘ื•". ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฆืคื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืคืชื™ื—ื” "ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื”" โ€“ "ื–ืืช ื—ื•ืงืช ื”ืคืกื—" โ€“ ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื ืจืื”, ืฉื—ื•ืงืช ื”ืคืกื— ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ "ื›ืœ ื‘ืŸ ื ื›ืจ ืœื ื™ืื›ืœ ื‘ื•". ื”ืคืกื— ื”ื•ื ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื— ื”ื‘ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืžื•ืœ ื”ืคืกื— ืขื•ืžื“ืช "ื—ื•ืงืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”" โ€“ ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื”, ื”ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืชื” ื•ืืœื•ืงื™ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืื™ื ื ื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ืœื ื• โ€“ "ืืžืจืชื™ ืื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžืžื ื™"4.
ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืฉื•ืืœ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื โ€“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื™ ืงื•ื“ื? ื”ืื ื”ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื”ื™ื•ืจื“ ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชื•ืจื”, ืื• ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ืžื’ืฉื™ืžื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืื™ื“ื™ืืœ ืืœื•ืงื™ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื—ื•ืงื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ืื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ื, ืื• ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ5.
ืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื•6:

ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ืžืฆืื ื™ ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžืงืจื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžืฉื ื”โ€ฆ ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™, ืจื‘ื™, ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื™ ืื”ื‘ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ื•ืืœื• ื”ืŸ โ€“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื. ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื•, ื‘ื ื™, ื“ืจื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืงื“ืžื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื”' ืงื ื ื™ ืจืืฉื™ืช ื“ืจื›ื•', ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื“ืžื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”' ืจืืฉื™ืช ืชื‘ื•ืืชึนื”โ€ฆ'

ื›ืืŸ ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•.
"ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื•ืžืจื™ืโ€ฆ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ" โ€“ ื”ืื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื? ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืชื. ื•ืื ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื, ืžื“ื•ืข ืืœื™ื”ื• ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจืช?
ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ ืืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื™ื. ืฉื ื™ ืืœื• ื”ื ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ โ€“ ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” โ€“ ื”ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ื•ืžืชื’ื“ืœืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื ืจืื”, ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ7:

ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ืžื•ื ื—ืช ื‘ืขืฆื ืื•ืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื”, ืฉืžืฆืื” ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘. ื‘ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืชื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ืžืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘. ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœืžืฆื ืืช ื ืชื™ื‘ืชื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘, ื”ื™ื—ืฉ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ืขื ื”ืืœื”ื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ืขื ื”ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช, ืขื ื”ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื”ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืœืœื•ืชื. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ืœื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืกื’ื•ืœืชื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ื”ืจื™ ื’ืจืžื” ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืืœื”ื™ืช ื’ื ื•ื–ื” ื–ื• ืœื”ื•ืคืขืช ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ื ืžืฆืืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉื” ืžืฉื•ืจืฉ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘, "ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”".

ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ืžื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื–ื•ื™ืช ื”ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช.
ื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื”ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™, ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ื•ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืืš ื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉื”, ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื’ื ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ืืš ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื”, ืืœื™ื”ื• ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืกืชืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื•ื“ืžื™ืŸ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืกื’ื•ืœืชื ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื’ืจืžื” ืœื”ื•ืคืขืช ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื.
ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ื‘ื• ืคืชื—ื ื•, ืฉื•ืืœ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืืœื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. "ื•ืžื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื”ืคืจื”, ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ ืคืกื— ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื”" โ€“ ืื ืื•ื›ืœื™ ืคืกื— ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ืคืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืคืกื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืคืจื” ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืื•ืชื•?
ื ืจืื”, ืฉื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื•ืžื– ืœืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื”ืคืจื” ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืกื— ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืื”. ืืš ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื” ื”ื•ื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื™ื˜ื”ืจ, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื•ื“ืžื™ืŸ.

ื—ื–"ืœ, ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื”ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™, ืืœื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืืช ื”ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื ื•ืชื ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืžื•ืง ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.


1 ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™"ื˜, ื‘'.
2 ืฉืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื™"ื˜, ื‘'.
3 ื™"ื‘, ืž"ื’.
4 ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื™"ื˜, ื‘'.
5 ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืืš ื”ืžืฉืœ ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื“ืŸ ื‘ื”.
6 ืคืจืง ื™"ื“. ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืคืจืง ื˜"ื•.
7 ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื', ื‘'.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *