ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืคืจืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ื ื–ืงื™ ื‘ื•ืจ

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื–ืณ ื‘ืžืจื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื’
 
13/10/2002

ื ื–ืงื™ ื‘ื•ืจ (ื”: โ€“ ื•:)

ื‘ื’ืž' ื‘ื“ืฃ ื” ืข"ื‘ ื ืืžืจ:

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื ื•ื›ื•ืœื”ื• ื›ื™ ืฉื“ื™ืช ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื• ืืชื™ื ื›ื•ืœื”ื•.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื, ื”ืื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืžืœืžื“ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื•ืจ ืื• ืฉืžื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืื‘ ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ืฉื“ื•ืงื ื”ื•ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช?
ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื ื” ื”ื’ืž'1 ืžื” ื‘ื ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื ื”2:

ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื” ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ: ืœืืชื•ื™ื™ ืžืื™ ืืžืจ ืื‘ื™ื™ ืœืืชื•ื™ื™ ืื‘ื ื• ืกื›ื™ื ื• ื•ืžืฉืื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื—ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื’ื’ื• ื•ื ืคืœื• ื‘ืจื•ื— ืžืฆื•ื™ื”โ€ฆ ืจื‘ื ืืžืจ ืœืืชื•ื™ื™ ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ ืื“ื ื•ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ ื‘ื”ืžื”โ€ฆ ืจื‘ ืื“ื ื‘ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ืืžืจ ืœืืชื•ื™ื™ ื”ื ื“ืชื ื™ื ื›ืœ ืืœื• ืฉืืžืจื• ืคื•ืชืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื’ื•ืจืคื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืจืฉื•ืช ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืื ื”ื–ื™ืงื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืœืโ€ฆ ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืืžืจ ืœืืชื•ื™ื™ ื”ื ื“ืชื ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื•ื”ืื™ืœืŸ ืฉื ืคืœื• ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื™ืงื• ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืœืฉืœื ื ืชื ื• ืœื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœืงื•ืฅ ืืช ื”ืื™ืœืŸ ื•ืœืกืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื•ื ืคืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ื–ื™ืงื• ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘.

ื”ื’ืž' ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืœืžื“ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื”, ื•ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืจื™ืง ื”ื•ื.
ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื• ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ื”ืœื•ืžื“ืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”"ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื”" ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช. ืืฃ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจื‘ ืื“ื ื‘ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื›ืžืฉื ื”3 ื•ื›ื‘ืจื™ืชื4 ื•ืœื ื›ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื”5.
ื”ืจื"ืฉ6 ื‘ื”ืชื™ื—ืกื• ืœื”ืฉืžื˜ื” ื–ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘:

ืจื‘ ืืœืคืก ื–"ืœ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ ืื•ืงื™ืžืชื ื“ื”ื ื™ ืืžื•ืจืื™ ืืฃ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ื“ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืคืกื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื•ืœื ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ืื”ื“ื“ื™ ืืœื ืžืจ ืืžืจ ื—ื“ื ื•ืžืจ ืืžืจ ื—ื“ื ื•ืœื ืคืœื™ื’ื™.

ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื’ืž' ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ืืœื ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื›ืš ื”ื”ืœื›ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืืŸ ื“ืคืœื™ื’ ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืืฃ ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืืœื” ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืืฃ ืจืฆื• ืœ"ื”ืขืžื™ืกื" ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ื. ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ื’ืž' ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื•.
ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘7:

ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื“ื”ื›ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜. ื•ืชืžื™ื”ื ื™ ื”ื™ืืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ืื‘ื ื• ืกื›ื™ื ื• ื•ืžืฉืื• ื•ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื ืœื ื“ืžื™ ืœื‘ื•ืจ, ืืœื ืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื ื”ืขืœื• ื”ื›ื™ ื•ื"ื› ื ืฆืจื›ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืขื ื•โ€ฆ ื•ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื–ื”.

ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ืชืžื” ืžื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืจื"ืฉ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืืœื•, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž' ื ืฆืจื›ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”"ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื”". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ืื™ื ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืื•ืžืจืŸ. ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืืœื” ืœื“ื•ื›ืชื.

ื‘ื•ืจ โ€“ ืื‘ ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืข

ืื™ืชื ื‘ืžื›ื™ืœืชื8 ื“ืจ' ื™ืฉืžืขืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืก' "ื›ื™ ื™ืคืชื— ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื›ื•'":

ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ืจื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื”ืจื™ ืคื•ืชื— ื›ื”ืจื™ ื›ื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ื”ืจื™ ื›ื•ืจื” ื›ื”ืจื™ ืคื•ืชื— ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื” ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉืžืจื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื ื–ืงื• ืืฃ ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉืžืจื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื ื–ืงื•.

ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื‘ืื• ืœืจื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”"ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื”" "ื›ื™ ื™ืคืชื—" ื•"ื›ื™ ื™ื›ืจื”", ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช9 ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืจ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœื•ืžื“ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืฉืืจ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืžืฉืืจ ืื‘ื•ืช โ€“ "ืื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ืœืœ ื“ืื™ื›ื ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช".
ืฉืืœื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืฉืืœื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ืœื™ืžื“ ื”ื’ืž' ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืžืจืฉื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืชื•ืก'10:

ืชื™ืžื” ืœืจ"ื™ ืืžืื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืชื ื™ ืชืจืชื™ ื“ืขื ื™ ื•ื“ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื“ืฃ ื’ ืข"ื ื•ืฉื) ืฉืชื™ื ื“ืขื ื™ ื•ื“ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ืชื• ืฉืชื™ื ืžื” ืœื™ ืขื ื™ ืžื” ืœื™ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ื ืจืื” ืœืจ"ื™ ื“ืื™ืฆื˜ืจื™ืš ืœืืฉืžืขื™' ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืžืœืื›ื” ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™ ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื” ืœื™ ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“โ€ฆ ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื“ืื‘ื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืœื ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืืœื ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื“ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื‘ืขื™' ืฉื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื“ืชื ืŸ ื‘ื”ื–ื•ืจืง (ื“ืฃ ืฆื•.) ืฉืชื™ ื’ื–ื•ื–ื˜ืจืื•ืช ื–ื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ื–ื• ื”ืžื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื•ื”ื–ื•ืจืง ืžื–ื• ืœื–ื• ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื˜ื ืื—ืช ื”ื–ื•ืจืง ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืžื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉื›ืš ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืœื•ื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื•ืจืง (ื’"ื– ืฉื:) ื ืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ ื”ื–ื•ืจืง ื“' ืืžื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื ืœืŸ ื•ื“ื—ื™ืง ืœืืฉื›ื—ื™ื ื”ื• ื‘ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื•ื›ื•'.

ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืชื•ืก', ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืœืื›ืช ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืื‘ ื’ืจื•ืข ื•ืขืฆื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืœืื›ื” ื–ื• ื–ื” ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืกื‘ืจื ืืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื™ืœืžื“ ื–ืืช. ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืžืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื• ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืื• ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืื‘ ื’ืจื•ืข. ื•ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืื‘ ื’ืจื•ืข ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘ื11:

ื•ืื™ ืงืฉื™ื ืœืš ื”ื ื“ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื ืฉื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืžื›ื™ืœืชื (ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืคื™"ื ืคื™' ืงื˜ื–) ืชื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ืคืชื— ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื›ื™ ื™ื›ืจื” ืื ืขืœ ืคื•ืชื— ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื” ืœื ื›"ืฉ, ืœืœืžื“ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื ืฉื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ืžืกืชื‘ืจื ืœื™ ื“ืœื ืืžืจื• ื›ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ื ื–ืงื™ ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœื”ื• ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ื“ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื”ื• ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื• ืœื™ืœืš ื•ืœื”ื–ื™ืง, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื• ืืค"ื” ืขืฉืื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืฉืœื•, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื ื™ื–ืง ื‘ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื–ื™ืง ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื ืฉื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ื• ืืœื ื—ื“ื•ืฉื•, ืื‘ืœ ืฉืืจ ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ืฉืžืžื•ื ื• ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžื–ื™ืง ืขื•ื ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.

ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืฉืืจ ืื‘ื•ืช ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื”ืžื–ื™ืง ื”ื•ืœืš ืืœ ื”ื ื™ื–ืง ื•ืžื–ื™ืง, ื‘ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ื™ื–ืง ื‘ื ืืœ ื”ืžื–ื™ืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ ื•ื”ื ื™ื–ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœื ื–ืง. ื"ื› ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื ื–ืง ืขืฆืžื• ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืœื”, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื ื™ื–ืง ื”ื–ื™ืง ืœืขืฆืžื•. ื•ืœืคื™"ื– ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืงืจื ืžื–ื™ืง "ื’ืจื•ืข", ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœืช ื ื–ืง12.

ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืจื‘ ืื“ื ื‘ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื

ื ืจืื” ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฉืื ืจื‘ ืื“ื ื‘ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื•ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืœื ืžืชืงื ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืืฃ ืฉื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืชืงื ืชื ื”ืชื™ืจื• ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืœืฉืคื•ืš ืฉื•ืคื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉื”"ืจ, ื”ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืฉืื ื”ื–ื™ืงื• ื”ืฉื•ืคื›ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื–ื™ืง ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื—ืžืช ืชืงื ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ืžื—ืžืช ื”"ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื”". ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื ืช "ื›ื•ืชืœ ื•ืื™ืœืŸ" ื”ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื‘"ืž ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื•ืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื ืœืงื•ืฅ ืื™ืœืŸ ื•ืœืกืชื•ืจ ื›ื•ืชืœ ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืขืฉื” ื›ืชืงื ื”. ื"ื› ื ืจืื” ืฉืจื‘ ืื“ื ื‘ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœ ืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื”, ื•ืœื ืชืงื ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘"ื”ืฉืจืืช" ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืฉืืจ ืื‘ื•ืช ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ13. ื•ื ื ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื.
ื ืจืื”, ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื•ื โ€“ ืื ื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืจ ืื‘ ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ "ื’ืจื•ืข" ืžื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžื›ืœืœ ืื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืžื™ืžืœื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœื•ืžื“ื• ื‘"ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื”" ืขื ืื‘ ืื—ืจ, ืื• ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืž"ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื”" ืฉื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืฉืœื ืข"ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืื‘ ืื—ืจ.
ืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืž"ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื”" ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื14 "ื›ื•ืœื”ื• ื›ื™ ืฉื“ื™ืช ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื•", ื•ืืฃ ืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืื‘ "ื’ืจื•ืข", ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžื›ืœืœ ืื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•.
ื•ืจื‘ ืื“ื ื‘ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืจ ืื‘ "ื’ืจื•ืข" ืžื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžืฉืืจ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืง ื”ื™ื–ืง ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืœื“ื” ื“ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืฉืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื•ื–ื•ืงืง ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืžืื‘ ืื—ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืœืžื“ ืžื‘ื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉ"ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื ืฉื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ื• ืืœื ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื•" ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื• ืื‘ ื’ืจื•ืข, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื—ื“ืฉืช ืœื ื• ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื•ืžื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืœื‘ื“ ืขืฆื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง. ืœืคื™"ื– "ืื‘ื ื• ืกื›ื™ื ื• ื•ืžืฉืื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื—ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ื’ื’" ื•ื ืขืฉื• ืชืงืœื” ืข"ื™ ื›ื•ื— ืื—ืจ, ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืœืžื“ ืžื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืœื•ืžื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืžืื‘ ืื—ืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœ"ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœ". ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืจื‘ ืื“ื ื‘ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืชืงื ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื™ื ื• ืืกืžื›ืชื ื‘ืขืœืžื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ โ€“ ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ื–ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“.

ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช

ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืžืชื•ืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• "ืื‘ ื’ืจื•ืข" ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื ืœืžื“ ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืžืœืžื“, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื•ืœื "ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื•" ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืื‘ ืื—ืจ.
ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืœืžื“ ื‘"ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื”" ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื›"ื› ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืžืฉื"ื› ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื”. ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ื”ืฉืžื˜ืช ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืชืจื.


1 ื“ืฃ ื•' ืข"ื โ€“ ื“ืฃ ื•' ืข"ื‘.
2 ื“ืฃ ื‘ ืข"ื.
3 ื‘"ืž ื“ืฃ ืงื™"ื– ืข"ื‘.
4 ื‘"ืง ื“ืฃ ืœ' ืข"ื.
5 ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื“ื™ื“ืŸ, ืฉืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื’ืž'. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืื ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›"ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื”" ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืฃ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื ื•ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื—ืก ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืชื™ื• ืจืง ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ ืื“ื ื‘ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื, ื•ื”ืœื, "ืžืจ ืืžืจ ื—ื“ื ื•ืžืจ ืืžืจ ื—ื“ื ื•ืœื ืคืœื™ื’ื™".
6 ืขืœ ื”ื’ืž' ื‘ื“ืฃ ื• ืข"ื.
7 ืžืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื“ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื‘"ืง ื“ืฃ ื• ืข"ื.
8 ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืžืกื›ืช ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ืคืจืฉื” ื™ื'.
9 ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื•"ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื•ืจื‘ื™ืฅ.
10 ืžืกื›ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื“ืฃ ื‘' ืข"ื ื“"ื” "ืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืข"ื” ืืช ื™ื“ื•".
11 ื‘"ืง ื“ืฃ ื‘' ืข"ื‘ ื“"ื” "ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื•ื›ื•'".
12 ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืžื•ืกื‘ื™ื ืขืœ "ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื ืฉื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ" ืืฉืจ ื ืœืžื“ ืžืื•ืชื• ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ืž"ื›ื™ ื™ืคืชื— ื•ื›ื™ ื™ื›ืจื”", ื•ืฉืžื ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืžืืŸ ื“ืืžืจ ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืž"ื›ื™ ื™ืคืชื— ื•ื›ื™ ื™ื›ืจื”" ืฉ"ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื ืฉื™ืŸ" ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ืจ. ื•ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืฆ"ืข.
13 ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื—ื ื ืืœ ื‘ื“ืฃ ื•' ืข"ื‘ ืฉ"ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืŸ ื›ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื“ื‘ืชืจื ื”ื•ื", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื—ื ื ืืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ืชื ื• ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื•ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืžืจ ืืžืจ ื—ื“ื ื•ืžืจ ืืžืจ ื—ื“ื ื•ืœื ืคืœื™ื’ื™".
14 ื“ืฃ ื” ืข"ื‘.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *