ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืคืจืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื” ื˜ื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื–ื”

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื•ืณ ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื
 
05/10/2000

"ืžื” ื˜ื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื–ื”" (ื™"ื’.-ื™"ื’:)

ืžื—' ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข

ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืชื (ืค"ื ื”"ื•) ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื•:

ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืืžืจื• ืœื” ืžื” ื˜ื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืื™ืฉ ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ื•ืจ' ืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื ืืžื ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืืฉื” ื›ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื” ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืื•ืžืจ ืื™ื ื” ื ืืžื ืช. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืื™ ืืชื ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื” ืฉื ื™ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ืื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื ืืžื ืช? ืืžืจื• ืœื•: ืœื! ืื ืืžืจืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื” ืฉื ืฉื‘ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืขื“ื™ื, ืชืืžืจ ื‘ื–ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืขื“ื™ื? ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ื•ื›ื™ ืžื” ืขื“ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื•? ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืจื™ืกื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื™ื”! ืืžืจื• ืœื•: ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื•ืช. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ืื™ืŸ ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืก ืœืขืจื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื’ื•ืคื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ืœื“ ื”ื›ืœ ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืชื•ืงื™.

ื•ื ืจืื” ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœืคื™ ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ื”ืืฉื” ื ืืžื ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืขื“ื•ืช1, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ื ืืžืŸ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื (ืฉื•"ืช ื—"ื ืกื™' ืืœืฃ ืจื›"ื˜ ื•ื›"ื› ื’ื ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื• ืœื“ืฃ ื˜' ืข"ื ื“"ื” "ื•ืืžืื™"):

ืืœื ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ื ืืžืŸ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื ื“ื” ืฉืกื•ืคืจืช ืœืขืฆืžื”. ื•ื›ื“ืชื ื™ื ื ืžื™ ื‘ืคืจืง ืงืžื ื“ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช (ื“ืฃ ื™"ื’ ืข"ื‘) ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืืฉื” ื›ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฉื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจ ืขื ืื—ื“ ื•ืืžืจื• ืœื” ืžื” ื˜ื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื•ืืžืจื” ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื™ ืื‘ื ื”ื•ื ื•ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ื ืืžื ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืจืกื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื™ื” ื•ื ืืžื ืช ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืœื›ื”ื•ื ื”.

ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืชื•, ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื ืืžืจ ืืฃ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื” ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ื ืืžืŸ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ, ื•ื ืืžื™ืŸ ืœืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืืฉื” ืฉื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื?
ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื ืืžื ื•ืช ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•2.
ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื"ื›, ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื›ื•"ืข ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื” ืœื ืชื”ื ื ืืžื ืช ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื˜ื”ืจืชื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ืขืฆืžื”, ืืœื ื ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืคืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืจืง ืืฉื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืžืขืฉื™ื”, ืชื”ื™ื” ื ืืžื ืช ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื” ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ื ืืžืŸ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ3.
ืœืขื•ืžืช ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ืฉ"ืžื“ื‘ืจืช" ื•"ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช" ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื•ื™ื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื ืืžื ืช, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ืื™ืŸ ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืก ืœืขืจื™ื•ืช" โ€“ ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืขืจื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืืฉื” ืื™ื ื” ื ืืžื ืช ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ืืช ืชืชืจืฅ ืงื•ืฉื™ื” ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ื”"ื‘ืจื›ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื":

ื–ื• ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืืฉื” ื›ืฉืจื” ืœื” โ€“ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ืืœื ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ื˜ืขื ืช ื‘ืจื™ ืขื ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ืื˜ื• ืืฉื” ืื—ืจืช ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืชื”ื ื ืืžื ืช ื‘ื–ื”?

ื”ืชื•ืกืคืชื ืื•ืžืจืช ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช, ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื˜ืขื ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ื ืืžืŸ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ (ื•ืœื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืฉื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืฉืžื), ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืืฉื” ืื—ืจืช ืœื ืชื”ื ื ืืžื ืช ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื‘ื–ื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื” ื•ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื”.
ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื. ื”ืื ื”ื ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืืฉื”4, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ืืžื ืช ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืœื” ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ื ืืžืŸ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ โ€“ ื›ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ, ืื• ืฉื”ื ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื˜ื”ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื”, ื•ืื ื ืืžื™ืŸ ืœืืฉื” ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื• ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืชืงื ืชื โ€“ ื“ืขืช ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข.

ืžื—' ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ

ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ. ืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื” ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืฃ ื‘ื‘ืชื”, ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื” ื‘ื—ื–ืงืช ืคืกื•ืœื”5. ืœืคื™ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ, ืฉื ืืžื ืช ืžืชื•ืจืช ืขื“ื•ืช, ื“ืขืช ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจืช ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืฉืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื›ื›ืฉืจื” ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืขื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ืจืจืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื’ื ื‘ืชื” ื›ืฉืจื”.
ืœืคื™"ื– ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื•ืืœืช ืจืง ืœืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ืžื” ื˜ืขืžื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืชื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื˜ืขื ืขื“ื•ืช, ื•ื"ื› ืžื“ื•ืข ืœืคืกื•ืœ ืืช ื‘ืชื”.
ืขืœ ื›ืš ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื’ืžืจื:

ื‘ืฉืœืžื ืื™ื”ื™ ืื™ืช ืœื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื“ื›ืฉืจื•ืช, ื‘ืชื” ืœื™ืช ืœื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื“ื›ืฉืจื•ืช.

ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื˜ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ืฉื ืืžื ื•ืชื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื•ืจืช ืขื“ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžืชื•ืจืช ื—ื–ืงื”, ื•ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืืœื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื ืฉืืจืช ื‘ืกืคืง ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืืฉื” ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืช, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืง, ืื ื• ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ืข"ืค ื”ื—ื–ืงื”6, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืืฉื” ื™ืฉ ื—ื–ืงืช ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ืช ืื™ืŸ ื—ื–ืงืช ื›ืฉืจื•ืช, ื”ืืฉื” ืชืฉืืจ ื‘ื—ื–ืงืชื” ื›ื›ืฉืจื”, ื•ื”ื‘ืช ืื™ื ื” ื›ืฉืจื”.
ืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื "ื–ื• ืขื“ื•ืช" ื•"ื ืืžื ืช", ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื“ืขืชื• ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืฉื™ืจื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื” ื›ื›ืฉืจื”, ื•ืœื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ื— ืœืืฉื” ื‘ืขื“ื•ืชื” ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืกืคืง, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืงืช ืื• ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉื”, ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ื ื” ื ืืžื ืช ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืคื•ืกืœื™ื ืื•ืชื”7. ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื“ื” ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื”, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื—ื” ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืกืคืง, ื•ื ื•ืฆืจ ื›ืืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืงื•ืœ ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืข"ืค ื—ื–ืงื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื ืืžื ืช ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืกื•ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”, ืืœื ื ืฉืืจ ื’ื“ืจ ืกืคืง ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ื— ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื”. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืคืกื•ืœื”.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™

ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืœืขื™ืœ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืค"ื ื”"ื—):

ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจ ืื—ื ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ื™ืืฉื™ื”: ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ื•ื›ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืจื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืื—ื“, ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ืขื™ ืื ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื ื™ื ืœืžื” ื”ืœื›ื”, ืžืขืชื” ืื™ืŸ ื™ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื›ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ื•ื›ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืืœื ื›ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข. ืžืื™ ื›ื“ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืืฉื” ื›ืฉืจื” ืœื”. ื”ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื™ ืžื™ืžืจ ืžื” ืคืœื™ื’ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ืื™ืœื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื ื™ืŸ? ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ืคืกื•ืœื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื›ืฉื™ืจื™ืŸ โ€“ ืืฃ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžื•ื“ื™. ืืชื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจ ืื—ื ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ืื™ืœื ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ืœืขื–ืจ: ืืคื™' ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื›ืฉื™ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช โ€“ ืกื‘ืจ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื–ื ื•ืช ืจืฆื” ืื—ืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืœื™ื. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื–ืขื™ืจื: ืžืชื ื™ืชื ืืžืจื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื™ืจื™ืŸ ืžื–ื ื™ืŸ, ื“ืชื ื™: ืืคื™' ื—ืกื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžืžื ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืืคื™ื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืก ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื•ืช.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ:
1. ืฉืืœืช ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ "ืื ื”ืœื›ื”" ื•ื›ื•' ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื ืคืกืงื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืื ื™ืกื‘ืจื• ื›ืžื•ืชื” ืขื•ื“ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“8?
2. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืื•ืžืจ "ืžืื™ ื›ื“ื•ืŸ", ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื“ืจ"ื› ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื›ืจืข ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ืขื™ืŸ "ืžืื™ ื”ื•ื™ ืขืœื”" ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื›ืืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื’ืž' "ืžืฉื•ื ืขื“ื•ืช" ื•ื›ื•' ืžื›ืจื™ืขื” ื•ืžืชื™ื—ืกืช ืœืฉืืœืช ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™?
ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ื”ืœื›ื”" ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืื ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ืžื• ืจ"ื’ ื•ืจ"ื ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ืฉื ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืคืกื™ืงื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆื ืขื•ื“ ืชื ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื•ืื– ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ื‘. ืคืกื™ืงื” ื–ื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ื”ื•ื’, ืฉืื– ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ืจื”.
ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื ื”ืœื›ื” โ€“ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜, ืฉืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืืฉื” ื ืืžื ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืžื“ื•ืข "ืฉื ื™ื", ื•ืื "ืฉื ื™ื" โ€“ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืกืคืง ื‘ื ืืžื ื•ืชื”, ื•ืืฃ ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื ืฉืืจืช ื‘ืกืคืง ืืœื ืฉืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ืข"ืค ื”ื—ื–ืงื”, ืื– ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืืžืจ "ื”ืœื›ื”", ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื›ืคื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืขืช ื ื•ื˜ื” ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืจื•ื‘, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืื—ืจืช.
"ืžืื™ ื›ื“ื•ืŸ" โ€“ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื” ื”ืžืกืงื ื”, ื”ืื ื ืืžื ื•ืชื” ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืื• ืœื? ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื’ืžืจื: "ืžืฉื•ื ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืืฉื” ื›ืฉืจื” ืœื”" โ€“ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ืืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืขื“ื•ืช, ื•ื"ื› ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืกืคืง.


1 ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื—ื•ืœืง ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื ืืžื ืช, ื•ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืชื‘ื˜ื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื•: "ืœื ืžืคื™ื” ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ืŸโ€ฆ". ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ืœื ืžืคื™ื” ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ืŸ", ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ืฉืœ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™"ื˜, ื˜"ื•): "ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื ืื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืœืฉื” ืขื“ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ". ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืืจื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ (ื‘ื“ืฃ ื˜' ืข"ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ "ืฉื•ื™ื” ืื ืคืฉื™ื”"), "ืคื”" ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื ืืžื ื•ืช. ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืœืืฉื” ืฆื“ ื ืืžื ื•ืช. ืžื“ื•ืข? ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื"ื ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื”, ืื ื ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคืจื•ืฅ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื–ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืชื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื•ืชื”. ืœื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” "ืœื ืžืคื™ื” ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ืŸ" โ€“ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื ืจืง ืฉืื™ื ื” ื ืืžื ืช, ืืœื ืฉืื ื ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ื” ืœื "ื™ืงื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ", ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš โ€“ ืชืจื‘ื” ื”ืคืจื™ืฆื•ืช.
2 ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืืช ื’ื“ืจ "ื‘ื™ื“ื•" (ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืค"ื” ืกื™' ื™"ื’): "ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืืคื™' ืื™ืชื—ื–ืง ื”ื™ืชืจื ื ืืžืŸ ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ืœื˜ืžื ื•ืœืืกื•ืจ ื•ืืคื™' ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉื• ืื• ืืžืจ ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขโ€ฆ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืชืงื ื• ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื‘ืขืœื™ื•", ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื ืืžืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืžื• ื‘ืขืœื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ื ืืžืŸ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื•ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื•, ื ืืžืŸ ืขืœื™ื•.
3 ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืจื"ื” (ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืฉื˜ืž"ืง ืœื“ืฃ ื™"ื’ ืข"ื‘ ื“"ื” "ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจื"ื”", ืื•ืช ื›' ื‘ื”ื•ืฆ' ืžื•ืกื“ ื”"ืง): "ืžื™ื”ื ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื”ื• ืกื‘ืจื™ ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื“ื•ื“ืื™ ื ื‘ืขืœื” ืœื ื“ืžื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื•ื™ื” ื“ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ืื™ื›ื ืœืžื™ืžืจ ืฉื ื‘ืขืœื” ืœื“ืขืชื” ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ื›ื ืœืžื™ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื ื‘ืขืœื” ืืœื ืœื›ืฉืจ ืœื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ื•ืœืŸ ืคืกื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืŸ ื“ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืคืกื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื ืฉื ื™ ืœืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ืคืกื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืœืŸ ืคืกื•ืœื™ืŸโ€ฆ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื ื‘ืขืœื” ืœื“ืขืชื” ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžื” ืฉื˜ื•ืขื ืช ืœื›ืฉืจ ื ื‘ืขืœืชื™ ื“ืืข"ื’ ื“ื”ืฉืชื ื‘ื”ืื™ ื“ื•ื›ืชื ืœื™ื›ื ื›ืฉืจ ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืชื ืื™ืงืจื™ ืœื” ื•ืืฉืชื›ื— ื›ืฉืจ ื•ื›"ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืืžื ืช ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ื ื‘ืขืœืชื™ ืžืฉื"ื› ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื ื‘ืขืœืช ืœื“ืขืชื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื ืœืื•ื ืก' ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœื•'.
4 ื”ืจื—ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืก' 2, ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืื• ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ.
5 ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื–ื• ื•ืชืœื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื—ื–ืงื”, ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืืœื ืจืง ืžื•ืจื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’. ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ืืฉ" (ื—"ื’ ืกื™' ื˜'): "ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืืจื™ื›ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ืžื”ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื’ื“ืจื” ื•ืžื”ื•ืชื” ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืžืจื. ื•ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื ื•ื™' ืขืœ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื–ืงื” ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ื›ืจืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืง ืขืฆืžื•, ืื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื–ืงื” ืืœื ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™"ื’ ืข"ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจ"ื™ ื•ืจ"ื, ืฉืจ"ื™ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ืชื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื—ื–ืงืช ื”ืืฉื” ืžื›ืจื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ืกืคืง ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื—ื–ืงืช ื”ืืฉื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืจืขื” ืขืœ ืื™ืฉ ื–ื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืืฉื” ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืืชื• ืื• ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžืžื ื•, ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืœื ืคืกื•ืœโ€ฆ ื•ืจ"ื ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื” ืคื•ืกืœ ื‘ื‘ืชื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื”ื•ืจืื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืื“ื ืžืกื•ืคืง ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื–ืงื” ื–ื• ืฉื•ื ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืขื”". ื•ืงืฉื” ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื, ืฉืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ืฉืืœื” ื”ื’ืž': "ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื” ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืžื ื“ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ", ื•ืงืฉื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ืฉืืœื• ืžื” ื˜ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืกืคืง, ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ืชื” ื›ืฉืจื” ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื—ื–ืงื”? ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื’ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• "ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืžื?".
6 ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืขืจื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”"ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ืืฉ" ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื–ื•, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงืืค ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืฉืขืจื™ ื™ืฉืจ" (ื—"ื, ืฉืขืจ ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ืช, ืค"ื‘): "ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื“ื”ื ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ื–ืงื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืจืืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืจืืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืื™ืŸ ื—ื–ืงื” ื“ืžืขื™ืงืจื ืžื›ืจืขืช ืืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœื ื ืฉืชื ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื“ื ืืœื ื“ื’ืœืชื” ืœื ื• ืชื•ืจื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื›ืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืฉื ื•ื™".
7 ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืค"ื ื”"ื˜): "ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื•ืงื™ ื›ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ื•ื›ืจื‘ื™ ืœื™ืขื–ืจ: ื‘ืฉื•ืชืงืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืชื™ืžืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจืช, ื‘ืื•ืžืจืช ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช".
8 ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘"ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“" ื—"ื’ ืขืž' 149, ืฉื“ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ "ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจื‘ื™ื", ืื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื—ืœืงื• ืคื ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืคื ื™ื ืื• ืœื, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *