ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืžื” ืื•ื›ืœืช ื”ื ืฉืžื”

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื˜ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื’
 
07/08/2003

ืžื” ืื•ื›ืœืช ื”ื ืฉืžื”?

ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืืฉืจ ืื ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ืš ื”ื™ื•ื ืชืฉืžืจื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ืชื—ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืจื‘ื™ืชื ื•ื‘ืืชื ื•ื™ืจืฉืชื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ื ืฉื‘ืข ื”' ืœืื‘ืชื™ื›ื. ื•ื–ื›ืจืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืœื™ื›ืš ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ื–ื” ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืŸ ืขื ืชืš ืœื ืกืชืš ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ืืฉืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื”ืชืฉืžืจ ืžืฆื•ืชื• ืื ืœื. ื•ื™ืขื ืš ื•ื™ืจืขื‘ืš ื•ื™ืื›ืœืš ืืช ื”ืžืŸ ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ื“ืขืช ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขื•ืŸ ืื‘ืชื™ืš ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขืš ื›ื™ ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืœื—ื ืœื‘ื“ื• ื™ื—ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื•ืฆื ืคื™ ื”' ื™ื—ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื. ืฉืžืœืชืš ืœื ื‘ืœืชื” ืžืขืœื™ืš ื•ืจื’ืœืš ืœื ื‘ืฆืงื” ื–ื” ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”. ื•ื™ื“ืขืช ืขื ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ืกืจ ืื™ืฉ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืžื™ืกืจืš. ื•ืฉืžืจืช ืืช ืžืฆื•ืช ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื•ืœื™ืจืื” ืืชื•. ื›ื™ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืžื‘ื™ืืš ืืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืืจืฅ ื ื—ืœื™ ืžื™ื ืขื™ื ืช ื•ืชื”ืžืช ื™ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงืขื” ื•ื‘ื”ืจ. ืืจืฅ ื—ื˜ื” ื•ืฉืขืจื” ื•ื’ืคืŸ ื•ืชืื ื” ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ืืจืฅ ื–ื™ืช ืฉืžืŸ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ. ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืœื ื‘ืžืกื›ื ืช ืชืื›ืœ ื‘ื” ืœื—ื ืœื ืชื—ืกืจ ื›ืœ ื‘ื” ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื•ืžื”ืจืจื™ื” ืชื—ืฆื‘ ื ื—ืฉืช. ื•ืื›ืœืช ื•ืฉื‘ืขืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ืืช ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื˜ื‘ื” ืืฉืจ ื ืชืŸ ืœืš1.

ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื›ืžื” ืขื ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืžืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืคื•ืชื—ืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”: "ืœืžืขืŸ ืชื—ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืจื‘ื™ืชื ื•ื‘ืืชื ื•ื™ืจืฉืชื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ".
ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช, ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื•ืชื• ืขื ื™ืŸ. "ื•ืจื‘ื™ืชื" โ€“ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืกืžืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืœื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ืฆื—ื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืžื ื• ื ืฉืืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
ื‘ืื•ืžื” ื™ืฉื ื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื ืฆื—ื™ื•ืช โ€“ "ื•ื‘ืืชื ื•ื™ืจืฉืชื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ". "ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื, ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืขื•ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ืช"2. ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืœื ืฆื—, ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ืœื ืฆื—ื™ืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื‘ืื™ื, ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื” โ€“ ืžืฉืชื ื™ื.
ืืฃ ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช: "ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ืกืจ ืื™ืฉ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืžื™ืกืจืš". ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืื“ื, ืœื‘ืœ ื™ืกื˜ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืœ ื”ื ืฆื—. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื ืš ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ื ืฆื—, ื•ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœืื‘ ืœื”ื™ืงืฉืจ ืืœ ื”ื ืฆื—.
ื ืจืื”, ืœืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื”, ืฉืขื ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฆื—, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื‘ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš. ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฆื— ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื”, ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”, ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ3:

ื™ืจืืช ื”ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ ื”ื—ื˜ื. ื”ื—ื˜ื ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืช, ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ืื—ืช ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ื“ ืื•ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืœ ืขืžืœ ื”ืื“ื ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื ืฆืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ืชโ€ฆ
ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืืžืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื’ื ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื ืฉืžืชื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื”ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืกืชืชืจืช ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืขื–ื”โ€ฆ
ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืคืชื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืื•ืฉืจ ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื‘ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื—ื™ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ื•ืฉืžื— ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืื•ืžื”, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืื‘ืจ ืžืื‘ืจื™ื”, ืฉื‘ื–ื” ืคื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ืžืจืื” ื”ื›ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืžืจื™ ืฉืœื• ืžืชืงืœืฉ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื ืฉืืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืื•ืžื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”, ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืžืขื™ื ื™ื•.

ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ืงืฉื•ืจื• ืœื ืฆื— ื‘ืงืฉื•ืจื• ืืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” โ€“ ื”ื—ื™ื” ื•ืงื™ื™ืžืช, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืขื•ื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ื ื‘ื•ื ืœื‘ืืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉื™ื” ื–ื•.
"ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขืš ื›ื™ ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืœื—ื ืœื‘ื“ื• ื™ื—ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื•ืฆื ืคื™ ื”' ื™ื—ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื". ืœื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
ื”ืจืž"ื4 ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆืจ "ื•ืžืคืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช":

ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ืฉืžืคืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ืจื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื• ื•ืงื•ืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ืฉืžื™โ€ฆ

ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื5 ืฉื”ืคืœื ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื ืฉืžื”, ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืื™ื ื ื” ืื•ื›ืœืช, ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื ื ืฉืžืชื• ืขื•ื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื•.
ืžื”ื™ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื”? ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœ, ื ืฉืžืชื• ืขื•ื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื•, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื” ื ื”ื ื™ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ?
ื‘ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืืจ, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื’ืฉืžื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื’ื ืžืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืคืข ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ื’ื ื•ื– ื‘ืื•ื›ืœ ื–ื”. ื›ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžืื›ืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื, ื ื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ืฉื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืœื—ื ืœื‘ื“ื• ื—ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืืœื ืขืœ ืžื•ืฆื ืคื™ ื”' ืืฉืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืœื—ื ื™ื—ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื—ื™ื” ืืช ื”ื ืฉืžื”, ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”"ืœืฉื"6:

ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืืœื ืจืง ืื•ืชื” ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืœื‘ื“ ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื‘ื“ืงื“ื•ืง ืืœื• ื‘' ื”ืื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ 'ื›ื™ ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืœื—ื ืœื‘ื“ื• ื™ื—ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื•ืฆื ืคื™ ื”' ื™ื—ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื' ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืคืข ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ื ืžืฉืš ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืขื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ืžืื›ืœ ื•ืžืฉืงื”.

ืืฃ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืืช ื ืฉืžืชื•, ื•ืžืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืืœ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื•, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ ืฉื‘ื•, ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.
ืžื”ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ื ืฆื—ื™ ืœื ืฉืžืชื•?
ืžื‘ืืจ ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ7:

ื›ื™ ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืœื—ื ืœื‘ื“ื• ื™ื—ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื›ื™ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืื›ืœ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื•ืฆื ืคื™ ื”' ื™ื—ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ื•ื–ื” ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”โ€ฆ

ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ ืฉื‘ื•, ื•ืžื—ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ื ืฉืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืžื‘ืจืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืจืง ื’ืฉืžื™, ื•ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ื‘ื›ืš ืืช "ืžื•ืฆื ืคื™ ื”'" ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื”, ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”: "ื•ืื›ืœืช ื•ืฉื‘ืขืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ืืช ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื˜ื‘ื” ืืฉืจ ื ืชืŸ ืœืš".

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื™ืชื‘ืืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง: "ืืจืฅ ื—ื˜ื” ื•ืฉืขื•ืจื” ื•ื’ืคืŸ ื•ืชืื ื” ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ืืจืฅ ื–ื™ืช ืฉืžืŸ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ", ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” โ€“ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืชื‘ื—ื” ื‘ื”ื ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™8:

ื•ืœืžื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ 'ืืจืฅ', 'ืืจืฅ' ืฉื ื™ ืคืขืžื™ื, ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืขืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืขื•ืžื“ ืืœื ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.

ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืขืœ "ืืจืฅ" ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ืฉืžืŸ ื”ื–ื™ืช, ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœืžื™ืœื” "ืืจืฅ", ื”ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื‘ืืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืืš ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืขื•ืžืง ื ื•ืกืฃ.
ื”ื’ืžืจื9 ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืกื“ืจ ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืžื•ื ื” ืืช ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืคืจื™ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื™ืœื” "ืืจืฅ", ื›ืš ื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืงื•ื“ืžืช.
ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ? ื ืจืื” ืœื‘ืืจ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื, ืฉื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืจืฅ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืจืฅ, ืœื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฆื— ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ื”ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ื”ื–ื™ืช, ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืจืฅ, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื•ืชื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฆื— ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืื›ื™ืœืชื ืžืงืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืขื ื ืฉืžืชื• ื•ืขื ื ืฆื—ื™ื•ืชื•.
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ "ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืงืจื•ืช "ืื‘ื" ื•"ืืžื" ืขื“ ืฉื™ื˜ืขื•ื ื˜ืขื ื“ื’ืŸ"10. ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื˜ื”. ื•ืœื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉื‘ืื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ื’ืŸ ื”ื "ืื‘ื" ื•"ืืžื", ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืืช ืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืฆื—ื™.
ืืฃ ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืœื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฆื— ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืœื“ืขืชื• ื•ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื11:

ื”ืจื•ืื” ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื‘ื—ืœื•ื ื–ื•ื˜ืจื™ โ€“ ืคืจื™ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื•ืงืื™ ืขืกืงื™ื” ื›ื–ื™ืชื™ื (=ื•ื™ืขืžื“ื• ืขืกืงื™ื• ื›ื–ื™ืชื™ื), ื•ื”ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ ืคื™ืจื™, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืœื ื™ โ€“ ื”ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื‘ื ื™ืš ื›ืฉืชื™ืœื™ ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื•ื’ื•". ืื™ื›ื ื“ืืžืจื™ ื”ืจื•ืื” ื–ื™ืช ื‘ื—ืœื•ื ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื• ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื–ื™ืช ืจืขื ืŸ ื™ืคื” ืคืจื™ ืชื•ืืจ ืงืจื ื”' ืฉืžืš' ื”ืจื•ืื” ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ื‘ื—ืœื•ื ื™ืฆืคื” ืœืžืื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื•ื™ืงื—ื• ืืœื™ืš ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ื–ืš'.

ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื•: "ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ื—ื›ื™ื ื™ื“ืจื™ืโ€ฆ ื•ืกื™ืžื ื™ืšโ€ฆ ืžื ื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื"12.
ืื•ืœื™ ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ืžื”ื•ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžืŸ ืืช ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืื›ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื›ื™ืœืชื ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœื•, ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืื“ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื’ื ื•ื– ืฉืคืข ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœ"ืืจืฅ", ืœืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื ืฆื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื”.
"ื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืœืืจืฅ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื‘ืจื›ื”" โ€“ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื’ืœื” ืืช "ืžื•ืฆื ืคื™ ื”'" ืฉื‘ืื•ื›ืœ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืงืจื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื›ืœ ืœืืจืฅ โ€“ ืœืฆื“ ื”ื ืฆื—ื™, ื’ื•ืจืจืช ืืช ืงื“ื™ืžื•ืชื• ืœื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ ืฉื‘ืื•ื›ืœ.


1 ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—', ื'-ื™'.
2 ืงื”ืœืช ื', ื“'.
3 ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื›ืจืš ื‘', ืขืž' ืฉืค"ื.
4 ืฉื•"ืข ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืกื™' ื•' ืกืขื™ืฃ ื'.
5 ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืฉื.
6 ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ืœืฉื ื—ืœืง ื‘', ืกื™ืžืŸ ื', ืคืจืง ื’'.
7 ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืคืจืฉืช ืขืงื‘.
8 ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืค"ื ื”"ื.
9 ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืž"ื ืข"ื‘.
10 ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืž' ืข"ื.
11 ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื "ื– ืข"ื.
12 ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื›"ื” ืข"ื‘. ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ืžื ื•ืจื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ื ืืžืจ "ื—ื•ืงืช ืขื•ืœื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื›ื" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›"ื“, ื‘'), ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืžื“ื• ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื ืฉื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ "ืฆื•" ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืจื•ื– ืžื™ื“ ื•ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *