ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื”

ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข >> ื“ื‘ืจื™ื >> ื›ื™ ืชืฆื
ื”ืจื‘ ืชืžื™ืจ ื›ื”ืŸ
ื”ืณ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื”
 
09/09/2005

ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื”

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ืœืžื•ืจื”

ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึฐืึดื™ืฉื ื‘ึผึตืŸ ืกื•ึนืจึตืจ ื•ึผืžื•ึนืจึถื” ืึตื™ื ึถื ึผื•ึผ ืฉืึนืžึตืขึท ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืœ ืึธื‘ึดื™ื• ื•ึผื‘ึฐืงื•ึนืœ ืึดืžึผื•ึน ื•ึฐื™ึดืกึผึฐืจื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ืึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื.
ื•ึฐืชึธืคึฐืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื‘ื•ึน ืึธื‘ึดื™ื• ื•ึฐืึดืžึผื•ึน ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ืื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน ืึถืœ ื–ึดืงึฐื ึตื™ ืขึดื™ืจื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืœ ืฉืึทืขึทืจ ืžึฐืงึนืžื•ึน.
ื•ึฐืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื–ึดืงึฐื ึตื™ ืขึดื™ืจื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื ื•ึผ ื–ึถื” ืกื•ึนืจึตืจ ื•ึผืžึนืจึถื” ืึตื™ื ึถื ึผื•ึผ ืฉืึนืžึตืขึท ื‘ึผึฐืงึนืœึตื ื•ึผ ื–ื•ึนืœึตืœ ื•ึฐืกึนื‘ึตื.
ื•ึผืจึฐื’ึธืžึปื”ื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ืึทื ึฐืฉืึตื™ ืขึดื™ืจื•ึน ื‘ึธืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึธืžึตืช ื•ึผื‘ึดืขึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ื”ึธืจึธืข ืžึดืงึผึดืจึฐื‘ึผึถืšึธ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืขื•ึผ ื•ึฐื™ึดืจึธืื•ึผ1.

ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื” ืžืขืœื” ืชืžื™ื”ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื‘ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื“ื™ื ืŸ ืžื™ืชื”. ืืžื ื ืขืœ ืงืœืœืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ืชื”, ืืš ื›ืืŸ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืš. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื•, ื•ื–ื•ืœืœ ื•ืกื•ื‘ื. ื’ื ื—ื–"ืœ2 ื“ื™ื™ืงื• ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข ื‘ืงื•ืœื ื•" โ€“ ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื‘ืื™ ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืœืงื•ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืœื ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื. ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื–ื”?
ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื’ืžืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืกืจ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืื• ื•ื™ืงื—ื• ืžื•ืกืจ:

ื•ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืขืชื” ื—ื˜ื ืžื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืฉื ืกื•ืคื• ื”ื•ื ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืขื ื). ื•ื–ื” ื˜ืขื ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉืžืขื• ื•ื™ืจืื• โ€“ ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ืžืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื—ื˜ืื•, ืืœื ืœื™ืกืจ ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืงืœื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื:
ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืžื™ืชื• ืœื’ื“ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ืชืชื ืชืงื ื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื–ืงืŸ ืžืžืจื (ืœืขื™ืœ ื™ื– ื™ื’) ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืชื• ื—ื˜ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื•, ืจืง ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื™ืจืฉืชื™ ืฉื (ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื™ื), ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื–ื•ืžืžื™ืŸ (ืœืขื™ืœ ื™ื˜ ื›), ืฉื ื”ืจื’ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ืจื’ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืกื™ืช (ืœืขื™ืœ ื™ื’ ื™ื‘), ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื”ืจื’ ื‘ื“ื‘ื•ืจื• ื”ืจืข ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืœื ืขื‘ื“ ื”ื ื™ืกืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื•ืœื ืฉืžืข ืืœื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ืชืชื• ืœื™ืกืจ ื”ื ืฉืืจื™ื.

ืžืœื‘ื™"ื ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ืฆืžื“ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื: "ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื”", ืกื•ืจืจ โ€“ ืกืจ ืžื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘; ืžื•ืจื” โ€“ ืžื•ืจื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ื“ืจืš ืจืขื”. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจื™ืงืช ืขื•ืœ ืกืชืžื™ืช ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ืืœื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืŸ ืžืืžืฅ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื›ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื•ืื– ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื“ืจื›ื• ื”ืจืขื”.
ืœืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ, ืกื•ืจืจ โ€“ ืกืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš; ืžื•ืจื” โ€“ ืžืœืžื“ ืœืื—ืจื™ื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ืจืขื”. ื—ื˜ืื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืœืจืขื” ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื. ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ ืžื‘ื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื ื•ืกืฃ:

ื•ืœื ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข ื‘ืงื•ืœื ื•ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื•ืกืจ ืžื”ื. ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืืชื• ืคืฉืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ืžืœืžื“ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืจืจ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื•, ืœื ืžืกืชืžื ืช ืชืงื ื” ืœื—ื˜ืื•.
ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”:

ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื”, ื“ื”ืื‘ ื“ืจืš ืœืœืžื“ ื‘ื ื• ืชื•ืจืช ื”' ืฉื ืงืจื: ืžื•ืกืจ, ื•ื”ืื ืžืœืžื“ืช ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื ืงืจื: ืชื•ืจืช ืื. ืžืขืชื”, ื”ื‘ืŸ ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข ืœืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืื‘ ื ืงืจื ืกื•ืจืจ, ื•ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข ืœืชื•ืจืช ืื ื ืงืจื ืžื•ืจื”. ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ืฉืื™ื ื• ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ.

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ืฉ"ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื™ืจื•" ื”ื ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”', ื•"ืฉืขืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•" ื”ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ.
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ื˜ื ื’ื ื‘ืื™ ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืœืงื•ืœ ื”' ื•ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ, ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืชืงื ื”.

ื”ื™ึนื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”
ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจืช ืขื•ื ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืฉื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื›ืš ืฆื™ื“ื•ืง. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืฆืžืฆืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื” ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื“ืขื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”. ืชืงื•ืคืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžื”"ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื”" ื•ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ; ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžื•ื; ื”ื‘ืŸ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืจืขื”. ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉ ืฉื”ืื ืชื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืื‘, ื•ืžื‘ืืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื3 ืฉืขืœ ื”ืื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืื‘ ื‘ืงื•ืœ, ื‘ืžืจืื” ื•ื‘ืงื•ืžื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ืกื•ืชื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืœ ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื”. ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื™ืžืกืจื• ืืช ื‘ื ื ืœืžื™ืชื”, ืงืœื•ืฉื™ื.
ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืืจ ื›ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™: ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฉื• ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื—ื ืš ืืช ื‘ื ื, ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืกืจ ืชืงื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืื—ื“. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืžืกืจ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ืื—ื™ื“ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ. ืืš ืœื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš: ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืจืื” ื•ื‘ืงื•ืžื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžืกืจื™ื ืืœื• ื™ึตืจืื• ื‘ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื”ื. ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืœืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืžืขื™ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ื ื‘ืขื” ืžื›ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื”.

ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉืืœื”: ื”ืื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”? ืืžื ื ื”ืฆื‘ื ื• ืชื ืื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื”, ืืš ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชื™ื™ืืฉืช ืžืจืืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”? ืืžื ื ืžืœืงื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื”, ืืš ืœืžื” ืœื ืœืชืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ?
ืื•ืžืจ ื”"ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ" ืฉืืฆืœ ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื›ืœ ืจืงื•ื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ. ืื ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื”, ืื–ื™ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืจืืฉื™ืชื• ืžื•ืฉื—ืชืช ื•ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื ืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ, ืืš ืื ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžืงื•ืœืงืœืช, ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ.
ืžื›ืืŸ ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื”"ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ" ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื ืขืจ ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืฉื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื” ืœื›ืš ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”', ื•ื›ืš ื™ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ืืช ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืชืŸ ื•ื”ื›ืœื” ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ืจื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื™ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืฉื ื” ืชืžื™ืžื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช "ื ืงื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืชื", ื‘ืœื ื—ื˜ื. ื•ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ืงืคื™ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื”: ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื•ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ืืช ืชืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”.
ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืื ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืŸ, ืื™ื ื• ื ื”ืจื’. ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื•ื•ืชืจื ื•ืช ื•ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ืŸ, ื•ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ืจืืฉื™ืชื• ื‘ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ืืœื ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื• ืจืืฉื™ืช ืกื’ื•ืœื™ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื.
ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืชื™ื™ืืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื ื ืฉืกืจื—, ื•ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืงื™ื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื•ื˜ื‘.

ื–ื•ืœืœ ื•ืกื•ื‘ื
ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืืœ ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื™ืจื ื”ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ืชื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืžืขืœืœื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื, ืืš ื›ืืŸ ื”ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื: "ื–ื•ืœืœ ื•ืกื•ื‘ื". ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื” ื•ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ืชื• ื›ืืŸ?
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืืฆืœ ื‘ื ื, ื•ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื ื•ืก ืžืœืชืคื•ืฉ ื‘ื• ื•ืœืชืช ืื•ืชื• ืœื–ืงื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืืš ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื–ืงื ื™ื ืืช ืืฉืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื? ื ื•ืชื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื“ื“ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ. ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื“ื ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื”, ืืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืœ ื”ืชื”ื•ื. ื›ืš ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืกืคืจื™4:

"ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืืžื•", ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืืžื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจ ื•ืœื ื”ื“ืœื™ืง? ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ: "ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข" "ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข", ืœื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื”: ืžื” "ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข" ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื–ื•ืœืœ ื•ืกื•ื‘ื, ืืฃ "ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข" ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื–ื•ืœืœ ื•ืกื•ื‘ื. ื•ืžื” "ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข" ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื’ื ื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืžืฉืœ ืืžื•, ืืฃ "ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข" ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื›ืืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื’ื ื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืžืฉืœ ืืžื•.

ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ "ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืกื“ืจื”5" ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืœื ืฆื— "ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื”". ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข ื‘ืงื•ืœื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข? ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ืœืœ ื•ืกื•ื‘ื. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื• ืœื–ืœื•ืœ ื•ืœืกื‘ื•ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืžื ืข ืžืžื ื• ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืžื”ื•ืจื™ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื™ืืœืฅ ืืช ื”ื‘ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื‘ืงื•ืœื. ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืžืคืจืฉ, ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื‘, ื‘ื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืชื—ื™ื ืื• ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืœืื›ื” ื•ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ืฆืจื›ื™ ืขืฆืžื ื•ืื™ื ื ืžืฆื˜ืจื›ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืœืื‘ื™ื”ื ื•ืื™ืžื, ืœื ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื™ืฉื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืขื•ืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื, ื•ืื™ื ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืกืจื™ื”ื ื•ืœื ืขืฆื•ืชื™ื”ื6.
ืืฃ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ7 ืžื“ื™ื™ืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ "ื–ื•ืœืœ ื•ืกื•ื‘ื" ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื–ืงื ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื”. ืขื•ื“ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉื, ืฉืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืื•ืชื• "ืืœ ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื™ืจื• ื•ืืœ ืฉืขืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•", ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื•ืืžืจื• ืืœ ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื™ืจื•" ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ืฉื:

ืืžืจ ืจ' ืื‘ื ืชื•ื•ื”ื ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื) ื›ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืื™ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื” ื•ื’ื•', ื•ืชืคืฉื• ื‘ื• ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืืžื• ื•ื’ื•' ื•ืชื ื™ื ืŸ ื“ื‘ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืชื ืืžืจ ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืœืžืฉื” ื›ืชื•ื‘, ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืžืฉื” ืžืืจื™ื” ื“ืขืœืžื ืฉื‘ื™ืง ื“ื ืื™ืช ืื‘ื ื“ืขื‘ื™ื“ ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ืžืฉื” ืžืจื—ื™ืง ื”ื•ื” ื—ืžื™ ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื ื›ืœ ืžื” ื“ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืžืจ ืžืืจื™ื” ื“ืขืœืžื ืฉื‘ื•ืง ืžืœื” ื“ื, ื"ืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืœืžืฉื” ื—ืžื™ื ื ืžื” ื“ืืช ืืžืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืงื‘ืœ ืื’ืจื, ืืช ื™ื“ืขืช ื•ืื ื ื™ื“ืข ื™ืชื™ืจ, ืžื” ื“ืืช ื—ืžื™, ืขืœื™ ื”ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื, ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืงืจื ื•ืชืฉื›ื—, ื‘ื”ื”ื•ื ืฉืขืชื ืจืžื– ืœื™ื” ืœื™ื•ืคื™ื"ืœ ืจื‘ื ื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืืžืจ ืœืžืฉื” ืื ื ื“ืจื™ืฉื ื ืœื”ืื™ ืงืจื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืื™ืฉ ื“ื ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื•) ื™ื™' ืื™ืฉ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื‘ืŸ ื“ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื” ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื”ื•ืฉืข ื“) ื›ื™ ื›ืคืจื” ืกื•ืจืจื” ืกืจืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืืžื• ื“ื ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื•ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื™ืกืจื• ืื•ืชื• ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘ ื™ื–) ื•ื™ืขื“ ื™ื™' ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื“ ื›ืœ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ื•ื’ื•', ื•ืœื ืฉืžืข ืืœื™ื”ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืžืขื• ืืœ ื™ื™' ื•ื’ื•', ื•ืชืคืฉื• ื‘ื• ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืืžื• ื‘ื“ืขืชื ื—ื“ื ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื—ื“ื, ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืื•ืชื• ืืœ ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื™ืจื• ื•ืืœ ืฉืขืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•, ืืœ ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื™ืจื• ืืœ ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื™ืจื ื•ืืœ ืฉืขืจ ืžืงื•ืžื ืžื‘ืขื™ ืœื™ื”, ืžืื™ ืืœ ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื™ืจื• ื•ืืœ ืฉืขืจ ืžืงื•ืžื• ืืœื ืืœ ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื™ืจื• ื“ื ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื•ืืœ ืฉืขืจ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื“ื ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื™ืจื• ืืœื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืงื“ืžืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืขืชื™ืงื™ืŸ (ืก"ื ืกื‘ื™ืŸ) ื“ื›ืœื, ืฉืขืจ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื“ื ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืขื›"ื“ ืืฃ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ื“ื›ืœื ื™ื“ืขื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื ืœืขื™ืœื ืื™ื”ื• ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ื ื ื“ืืžื ื•ืื‘ื ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืื—ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื• ื•ื›ืœ ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื ื“ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืคืกื•ืœ ืื™ื”ื• ืœื“ื™ื ื, ื‘ืงื“ืžื™ืชื ืžื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืืœ ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื™ืจื• ื•ืืœ ืฉืขืจ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื—ืžื ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ ืกืœื™ืง ื“ื™ื ื ืžืฉืขืจ ืžืงื•ืžื• ืžื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืชืจื™ื” ื•ืืžืจื• ืืœ ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื™ืจื• ืœื—ื•ื“, ื•ืืœ ืฉืขืจ ืžืงื•ืžื• ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืืœื ืืœ ื–ืงื ื™ ืขื™ืจื•, ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื–ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ื•ืœืื• ื“ืฉืืจ ืขืžื™ืŸ, ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข ื‘ืงื•ืœื ื• ืžืื™ ืฉื ื ื“ื”ื ื‘ืงื“ืžื™ืชื ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื–ื•ืœืœ ื•ืกื•ื‘ื ื•ืœื‘ืชืจ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื–ื•ืœืœ ื•ืกื•ื‘ื, ืืœื ืžืืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ืœื”ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื‘ื•ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ืื™ื”ื• ื–ื•ืœืœ ื•ืกื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ืขืžื™ืŸ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื•) ื•ื™ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื ื•ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื, ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื•ื™ืฉืชื—ื•ื• ื“ืขืงืจื ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื”, ื›ื“ ืขื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืจ ืขืžื™ืŸ, ื“ื ื’ืจื™ื ืœื•ืŸ ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื‘ื•ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื“ื ื•ืจื’ืžื•ื”ื• ื›ืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืขื™ืจื• ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ื ืืœื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ืขืžื™ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื• ืžืงืœืขื™ืŸ ืœื”ื• ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืกืชืจื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืžื ืชืฆื™ืŸ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ืœื•ืŸ ื›ืœื•ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืฉืžืข ืžืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ืŸ, ื›ืชื‘ ืคืจืฉืชื ื“ื.

ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืืžื•, ืืœื• ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื, ื•ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื™ื ืคืกื•ืœื” ืœื“ื•ืŸ. ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืืจืฆื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืื– ืžืฆื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืจืื” ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืžื•ืจ. ืจืง ืžืจื•ื ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื ืจืื” ืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืกื ื’ื•ืจื™ื”. ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช: "ื–ื•ืœืœ ื•ืกื•ื‘ื" ืืช ืชื—ื™ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืกื ื’ื•ืจื™ื”. ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืชื“ืจื“ืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื™ื: "ื•ื™ืื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื•ื™ืฉืชื—ื•ื• ืœืืœื•ื”ื™ื”ืŸ". ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืฉืชื™ื” ื”ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ื—ื˜ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืจืง ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื ืชืฅ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช, ืืš ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื“ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื” ืขื“ ืœื›ืœึตื”.

1 ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื, ื™ื—-ื›ื.
2 ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืข' ืข"ื‘.
3 ืฉื ื“ืฃ ืข"ื ืข"ื.
4 ืกืคืจื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื™ืกืงื ืจื™"ื—.
5 ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืžืงืจืื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืž"ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื.
6 ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช, ืœื ืœื”ื–ื“ืจื– ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืœืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืฆืžื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื– ื’ื“ืœื” ื”ืกื›ื ื” ืœืกื˜ื™ื™ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš. ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืืฃ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื.
7 ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืœืง ื“ืฃ ืงืฆ"ื– ืข"ื‘-ืงืฆ"ื— ืข"ื.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *