ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืึทื—ึฒืจึทื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื‘ืณ ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื”
 
17/09/2004

"ืึทื—ึฒืจึทื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ"

ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ื ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจืฉื”. ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืคืจืฉืช ื ื— ืขืกืงื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” "ืฆื“ื™ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื" (ืชืฉืก"ื’), ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ื ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ื.

ืžื”ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื˜ืื• ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ?
ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื–ื•1:

ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ 'ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื ื—' ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื“) 'ืงืœ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืชืงื•ืœืœ ื—ืœืงืชื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื ื™ืคื ื” ื“ืจืš ื›ืจืžื™ื'. 'ืงืœ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื' ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉื ื’ื–ืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉื™ืื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืžื™ื. 'ืชืงื•ืœืœ ื—ืœืงืชื ื‘ืืจืฅ', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื™ ืฉืคืจืข ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ. ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœืžื”, 'ืœื ื™ืคื ื” ื“ืจืš ื›ืจืžื™ื', ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชืŸ2 ืœืžื˜ืขืช ื›ืจืžื™ื ืื‘ืœ ื ื— ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืืœื ืœื”ืคืจื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื ื—.

ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ื”ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื ื—, ื ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ โ€“ ื‘ืื™ื•ื‘3:

ืงึทืœ ื”ื•ึผื ืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืžึทื™ึดื ืชึผึฐืงึปืœึผึทืœ ื—ึถืœึฐืงึธืชึธื ื‘ึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืœึนื ื™ึดืคึฐื ึถื” ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื›ึผึฐืจึธืžึดื™ื.

ืคืจืง ื›"ื“ ื‘ืื™ื•ื‘ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ืืœื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื”:

(ื’) ื—ึฒืžื•ึนืจ ื™ึฐืชื•ึนืžึดื™ื ื™ึดื ึฐื”ึธื’ื•ึผ ื™ึทื—ึฐื‘ึผึฐืœื•ึผ ืฉืื•ึนืจ ืึทืœึฐืžึธื ึธื”โ€ฆ
(ื™ื“) ืœึธืื•ึนืจ ื™ึธืงื•ึผื ืจื•ึนืฆึตื—ึท ื™ึดืงึฐื˜ึธืœ ืขึธื ึดื™ ื•ึฐืึถื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึผื‘ึทืœึผึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื›ึทื’ึผึทื ึผึธื‘.
(ื˜ื•) ื•ึฐืขึตื™ืŸ ื ึนืึตืฃ ืฉืึธืžึฐืจึธื” ื ึถืฉืึถืฃ ืœึตืืžึนืจ ืœึนื ืชึฐืฉืื•ึผืจึตื ึดื™ ืขึธื™ึดืŸ ื•ึฐืกึตืชึถืจ ืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ื™ึธืฉื‚ึดื™ื.

ื’ื–ืœ, ืจืฆื— ื•ื ื™ืื•ืฃ โ€“ ื”ื ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื”, ืฉืื™ื ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื โ€“ ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืคืจื ืกื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”.
ืคืกื•ืง ื™"ื— ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืคืจืฉ ื”ืžืœื‘ื™"ื:

ืื—ืจ ืฉืกืคืจ ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื•ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืกืคืจ ืžืŸ ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื, ืฉื’ื ืืœื” ืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ื”ื ืžื—ืจื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื”ื•ื ืงืœ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžื™ื โ€“ ืื ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื’ื•ืžื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžื™ื ืœืฉื•ื“ื“ ืืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ื, ืื– ืชืงื•ืœืœ ื—ืœืงืชื ื‘ืืจืฅ โ€“ ื”ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื”ื ืฉื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื›ืจืžื™ื• ืžืงื•ืœืœื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืคื ื” ื“ืจืš ื›ืจืžื™ื โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื•ื ืคืขื ืœื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื“ื•ืช ื•ื›ืจืžื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘.

ืืœื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื™ืกื•ืงื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืœ ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉื•ื‘, ืื™ื ื ื ื•ื˜ืขื™ื ื›ืจืžื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ื โ€“ ื‘ืฉื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื’ื–ืœ.
ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ื“ื•ืจืฉื ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ืจืื• ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืกื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื. ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืœื ืขืกืงื• ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืขื” ื•ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืืœื ืขืกืงื• ื‘ื—ืžืก ื•ื‘ื’ื–ืœ, ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื”ื”ื•ื•ื”, ื•ืœื ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื. ืืฃ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื”ืขืžื“ืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
ื›ื ื’ื“ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื ื—, ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ื ื—4:

ื•ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื ื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ืจึทื‘ึผึธื” ืจึธืขึทืช ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ึตืฆึถืจ ืžึทื—ึฐืฉืึฐื‘ึนืช ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ืจึทืง ืจึทืข ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื. ื•ึทื™ึผึดื ึผึธื—ึถื ื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึฐืขึทืฆึผึตื‘ ืึถืœ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน. ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื”' ืึถืžึฐื—ึถื” ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธืจึธืืชึดื™ ืžึตืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืžึตืึธื“ึธื ืขึทื“ ื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืžึธื” ืขึทื“ ืจึถืžึถืฉื‚ ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ืขื•ึนืฃ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึธื™ึดื ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึดื—ึทืžึฐืชึผึดื™ ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึดื. ื•ึฐื ึนื—ึท ืžึธืฆึธื ื—ึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ื”'. ืึตืœึผึถื” ืชึผื•ึนืœึฐื“ึนืช ื ึนื—ึท ื ึนื—ึท ืึดื™ืฉื ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึธื™ื• ืึถืช ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื”ึดืชึฐื”ึทืœึผึถืšึฐ ื ึนื—ึท. ื•ึทื™ึผื•ึนืœึถื“ ื ึนื—ึท ืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื” ื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ืึถืช ืฉืึตื ืึถืช ื—ึธื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื™ึธืคึถืช. ื•ึทืชึผึดืฉึผืึธื—ึตืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื•ึทืชึผึดืžึผึธืœึตื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื—ึธืžึธืก. ื•ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื ึดืฉืึฐื—ึธืชึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึดืฉืึฐื—ึดื™ืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ืึถืช ื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึผื•ึน ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ.

ื”' ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืžื—ื•ืช ืืช ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ื›ื•ืœื•, ืื•ืœื ื ื— โ€“ ืžืฆื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”'. ืžื“ื•ืข? ืžื” ืขืฉื” ื ื— ืฉื’ืจื ืœื›ืš? "ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื ื—โ€ฆ ื•ื™ื•ืœื“ ื ื—โ€ฆ". ื ื— ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืš.
ืกื™ืกืžืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื: "ืึทื—ึฒืจึทื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ". ืื ื™ ื—ื™ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช ื•ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืจืื™ื” ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช, ื”ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื”ืืจืฅ. ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ืฉืจืื• ืจืง ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื•ื”.
ืชื™ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”', ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ื›ื™ ื’ื™ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื ื—, ื”ืจื•ืื” ืขืจืš ื‘ื”ืขืžื“ืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื โ€“ ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœื ืœื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžื‘ื•ืœ.
ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžื•ื‘ื:

'ืชืงื•ืœืœ ื—ืœืงืชื ื‘ืืจืฅ' ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื™ ืฉืคืจืข ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ.

ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืงืœืœื• ื‘ืฉืžื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ5:

ืžื™ ืฉืคืจืข ืžืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ืคืœื’ื”, ื”ื•ื ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ืคืจืข ืžืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ื•ืจื•.

ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื•, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ืœืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ โ€“ ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ื‘ื›ืš ืœืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ. ื”ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืืœ ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ.
ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืื•ืชื• ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืฉืชื ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื•.
ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืœื ื ื˜ืขื• ื›ืจืžื™ื. ื›ืจื ืื™ื ื ื• ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžืขืฆืžื•. ืœืœื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ืžืชืžื“ืช ื‘ื›ืจื โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืขืœื” ืงืžืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื—ืจื•ืœื™ื6.
ื›ืจื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืจื—ืงื• ืžืžื ื•.
ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืœ ื”ื”ื•ื•ื”. ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืื•ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืœื ืœื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืฉื’ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืชืงื™ื ื™ื. ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœืœ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื.
ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื” ื›ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื•ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชื• ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื•.
ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืžื™ืจืช "ืึทื—ึฒืจึทื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ" โ€“ ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœโ€ฆ


1 ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ืœ', ื‘'.
2 ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžื•ื‘ื ื›ืืŸ 'ืืœื ืœืžื˜ืขืชโ€ฆ', ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืžืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื’ืจื•ืก 'ืืœื'.
3 ื›"ื“, ื›"ื—.
4 ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•', ื”'-ื™"ื‘.
5 ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืค"ื“ ืž"ื“.
6 ืขื™' ืžืฉืœื™ ื›"ื“, ืœ' ื•ื”ืœืื”.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *