ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืขืœื™ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืขืœื™ื” ืฉื ื™ื”

ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข >> ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช >> ืœืš ืœืš
ื”ืจื‘ ืชืžื™ืจ ื›ื”ืŸ
ื™ืดื‘ ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื•
 
15/10/2005

ืขืœื™ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืขืœื™ื” ืฉื ื™ื”

ื”"ืžืคื˜ื™ืจ" ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื ืฉื›ื—
ืื ื™ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชืš: ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ1? ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืชืฉื•ื‘ืชืš ืชื”ื™ื”: "ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš". ื›ืš ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืืฃ ืื ื™ ืžืฉื‘ืงืฉืชื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช "ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช" ื”ืŸ ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืงืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืืœื™ื”ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืคืกืคืก ืžืฉื”ื•. ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื“ื”ืžื” ื›ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืฉืช ื ื—2:

ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึทื— ืชึผึถืจึทื— ืึถืช ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืช ืœื•ึนื˜ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื”ึธืจึธืŸ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน ื•ึฐืึตืช ืฉื‚ึธืจึทื™ ื›ึผึทืœึผึธืชื•ึน ืึตืฉืึถืช ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืึดืชึผึธื ืžึตืื•ึผืจ ื›ึผึทืฉื‚ึฐื“ึผึดื™ื ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ืึทืจึฐืฆึธื” ื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึทืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ืขึทื“ ื—ึธืจึธืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืฉืึธื: ื•ึทื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ืชึถืจึทื— ื—ึธืžึตืฉื ืฉืึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึธืืชึทื™ึดื ืฉืึธื ึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึธืžึธืช ืชึผึถืจึทื— ื‘ึผึฐื—ึธืจึธืŸ:

ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”' ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื: "ืœืš ืœืš ืžืืจืฆืšโ€ฆ ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืืจืืš", ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืืœื ืžื™ื“ ืฉื ืคืขืžื™ื• ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ3:

ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึทื— ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื ืึถืช ืฉื‚ึธืจึทื™ ืึดืฉืึฐืชึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืช ืœื•ึนื˜ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืึธื—ึดื™ื• ื•ึฐืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืจึฐื›ื•ึผืฉืึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืจึธื›ึธืฉืื•ึผ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทื ึผึถืคึถืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื—ึธืจึธืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ืึทืจึฐืฆึธื” ื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึทืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ืึทืจึฐืฆึธื” ื›ึผึฐื ึธืขึทืŸ:

ื ืฉืืœ ืฉืชื™ ืฉืืœื•ืช:

1. ืžื” ืจืื” ืชืจื— ืœืœื›ืช ืืจืฆื” ื›ื ืขืŸ?
2. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื•ืงื˜ืช ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืชืืจื” ืืช ื”ืœื™ื›ืช ืชืจื— ืœืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ, ื•ืืช ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื:

ืื‘ืจื”ื (ื™"ื‘, ื”) ืชืจื— (ื™"ื, ืœื)
ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึทื— ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึทื— ืชึผึถืจึทื—
ืึถืช ืฉื‚ึธืจึทื™ ืึดืฉืึฐืชึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืช ืœื•ึนื˜ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืึธื—ึดื™ื• ื•ึฐืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืจึฐื›ื•ึผืฉืึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืจึธื›ึธืฉืื•ึผ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทื ึผึถืคึถืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื—ึธืจึธืŸ ืึถืช ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืช ืœื•ึนื˜ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื”ึธืจึธืŸ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน ื•ึฐืึตืช ืฉื‚ึธืจึทื™ ื›ึผึทืœึผึธืชื•ึน ืึตืฉืึถืช ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน
ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ืึทืจึฐืฆึธื” ื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึทืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืึดืชึผึธื ืžึตืื•ึผืจ ื›ึผึทืฉื‚ึฐื“ึผึดื™ื ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ืึทืจึฐืฆึธื” ื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึทืŸ
ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ืึทืจึฐืฆึธื” ื›ึผึฐื ึธืขึทืŸ: ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ืขึทื“ ื—ึธืจึธืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืฉืึธื:

ื”ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืจืื” ืฉืชืจื— ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื—ื•ื– ื—ืคืฆื•, ื•ืื‘ืจื”ื ื›ืŸ. ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” "ื ืชืงืข" ืชืจื— ื‘ื—ืจืŸ?

ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืชืจื— โ€“ ืžืชื™ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข?
ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื”, ืžืชื™ ื™ืฆื ืชืจื— ืœืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ, ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื ื™ืข ืฉืœื•.
ืจืื‘"ืข:

ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืฉืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš (ื‘ืจื' ื™ื‘, ื), ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืฉื ืœืื‘ืจื ืงื•ื“ื ื–ื” ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืฉื”ื•ื: "ื•ื™ืงื— ืชืจื—". ื•ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”: "ื‘ืื—ื“ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ืช" (ื‘ืžื“' ื, ื), ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืŸ: "ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ืช" (ืฉื, ื˜', ื). ื•ื”ืขื“ ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ืœืœื›ืช ืืจืฆื” ื›ื ืขืŸ" (ื‘ืจื' ื™ื ืœื). ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ืชืจื— ืืœ ื—ืจืŸ, ื™ืฉืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•, ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ืฉื ื•ืžืช. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”:

ืœื“ืขืช ืจืื‘"ืข, ื”ืžื ื™ืข ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืืจืฆื” ื›ื ืขืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”' ืœืื‘ืจื”ื, ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš, ื•ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืœื ื›ืกื“ืจื. ืจืื™ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉืชืจื— ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืœื›ืช ืœื›ื ืขืŸ, ื•ืžื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื” ืœื• ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื–ื•? ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ืš, ืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”' ืœืื‘ืจื”ื. ืžืžื™ืœื ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืฉืœ ืชืจื— ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš, ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš.

ืจืžื‘"ืŸ:

ื•ืชืจื— ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืฆืœ ืฉื™ืœื›ื• ืืœ ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืืจืฅ ื›ืฉื“ื™ื ืžืคื—ื“ ื”ืžืœืš, ื›ื™ ื—ืจืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื”ื, ื•ืขื ืื—ื“ ื•ืฉืคื” ืื—ืช ืœื›ืœื, ื›ื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืืจืžื™ืช ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื, ื•ืจืฆื• ืœืœื›ืช ืืœ ืขื ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ืฉืžืข ืœืฉื•ื ื• ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื”ื•ื ื•ืขืžื•. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื˜ืขื: "ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืืชื ืžืื•ืจ ื›ืฉื“ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืืจืฆื” ื›ื ืขืŸ". ื•ื™ื‘ืื• ืขื“ ื—ืจืŸ, ืืฉืจ ืฉื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืžืขื•ืœื, ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื ืชืขื›ื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื•ืฉื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ืœืœื›ืช ืืจืฆื” ื›ื ืขืŸ ื•ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ืื‘ื™ื•, ื•ืžืช ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจืŸ ืืจืฆื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืœืš ืขื ืืฉืชื• ื•ืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื™ื• ืืจืฆื” ื›ื ืขืŸ.

ืœื“ืขืช ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืกื“ืจื. ืงื“ืžื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ืชืจื— ืœืœื›ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืฆื•ื•ื” ื”' ืขืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืฉื. ื”ืžื ื™ืข ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืœื›ื ืขืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื”"ื‘ื•ืฉื•ืช" ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืชืจื— ืื‘ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคืกืœื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื‘ื›ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืฉืœื›ืชื• ืœื›ื‘ืฉืŸ ื”ืืฉ. ืชืจื— ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง, ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื—ืจืŸ ื•ืžื•ืฆื ืฉื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื ื–ื” ืžื›ื‘ืจ, ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉื”ืจื—ื™ืง ื“ื™ื•, ื•ื ืฉืืจ ืฉื.

ืกืคื•ืจื ื•:

ืœืœื›ืช ืืจืฆื” ื›ื ืขืŸ. ื”ืžื•ื›ื ืช ืืœ ื’ืจื ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช, ื•ืจืฆื•ื™ื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช, ื›ืืžืจื•: "ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ื”' ื-ืœื•ืงื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืื•ืชื”" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™"ื, ื™ื‘) ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื–ืง ืื•ื™ืจื” ื‘ื’ืฉื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ื›ืื•ื™ืจ ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช, ื›ืืžืจื•: "ืœื ื’ื•ืฉืžื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ืขื" (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื›"ื‘, ื›ื“). ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื• ื–"ืœ: "ืื•ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื—ื›ื™ื" (ื‘"ื‘ ืงื "ื— ืข"ื‘).

ืื ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉื”ืžื ื™ืข ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืจื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืœืš (ืžื ื™ืข ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื•), ื”ืจื™ ืฉืกืคื•ืจื ื• ืžื™ื—ืก ืžื ื™ืข ื ืืฆืœ ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืœืืจืฅ: ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืืœ ื’ืจื ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช! ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”' ืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืฉื, ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืืฃ ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื” ืฉื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืœื ื™ืจื“ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืœื ื”ื•ื–ืง ืื•ื™ืจื”, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ืคืฉ ื—ื›ืžื” โ€“ ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•.
ืืœื ืฉื›ืืŸ ื ื‘ื•ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ: ืžื” ืœืชืจื— ื•ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช?

ื•ื™ืงื— ืชืจื—โ€ฆื•ื™ืฆืื• ืืชื
ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื ืชื ื•, ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื• ืœื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘:

ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึทื— ืชึผึถืจึทื— ืึถืช ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืช ืœื•ึนื˜ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื”ึธืจึธืŸ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน ื•ึฐืึตืช ืฉื‚ึธืจึทื™ ื›ึผึทืœึผึธืชื•ึน ืึตืฉืึถืช ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืึดืชึผึธื ืžึตืื•ึผืจ ื›ึผึทืฉื‚ึฐื“ึผึดื™ื ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ืึทืจึฐืฆึธื” ื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึทืŸ

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ: "ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืืชื•"!
ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืคืจืฉ:

ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืืชื โ€“ ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืชืจื— ื•ืื‘ืจื ืขื ืœื•ื˜ ื•ืฉืจื™:

ืจื“"ืง ืžืคืจืฉ ืื—ืจืช, ื•ืืฃ ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ืคืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื:

ื•ื™ืงื— ืชืจื—. ืื—ืจ ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื-ืœ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืš ืœืš ื•ืืžืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืชืจื— ืื‘ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ื-ืœ ื›ื™ ื”ื-ืœ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื”ื• ืœืฆืืช ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื”ื™ื, ื ืชืจืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื ื• ื•ื™ืฆื ืขืžื•. ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชืจืฆื” ืœืฆืืช ืชืœื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืื‘, ื•ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื โ€“ ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื•. ื•ื ื—ื•ืจ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืฆืืช ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื”ื™ื, ื•ืœืงื— ืชืจื— ืœื•ื˜ ืขืžื• ืœืคื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื™ื• ื—ื™ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืœืงื—ื• ืขืžื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืžื• ื‘ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื. ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืืชื. ื›ืืŸ ืชืœื” ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื‘ืื‘ืจื, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจ, ื›ื™ ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™, ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืืฉืชื• ืขืžื•. ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืชืจื— ื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ื• ื•ืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืขื ืื‘ืจื ื•ืืฉืชื•, ื–ื” ืฉืืžืจ: 'ืืชื'.

ืจื“"ืง ืžืคืจืฉ ื›ืจืื‘"ืข, ืฉื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื›ืกื“ืจื, ื•ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืชืจื— ื‘ืื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื“"ืง, ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืคื•ืชื— ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื”: "ื•ื™ืงื— ืชืจื—". ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืืœื• ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืœืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืื•ืจ ื›ืฉื“ื™ื, ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืชืจื— ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžื“ื™ ืœื ืžืจื•ื“, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืชืจื— ื™ื–ื ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื”, ื•ื”ืฉืืจ ื˜ืคืœื™ื ืœื•. ืืš ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื”: ืœื ืžื ื™ืข ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืžื ืžืจื•ื“ ื’ืจื ืœื™ืฆื™ืื”, ื›ื™ ืื ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ื-ืœื•ืงื™, ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืฉืจื” ืขื™ืงืจ, ื•ืชืจื— ื•ืœื•ื˜ ื˜ืคืœื™ื ืœื”ื.
ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืžืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื ืชื ื• ื‘ืคืจืฉื”4:

ื•ื›ื“ ืืชืจืžื™ ืื‘ืจื ืœื ื•ืจื ืืชืงื˜ื™ืœ ื”ืจืŸ ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ื ื ืคืงื• ืžืชืžืŸ. ืช"ื— ืžื” ื›ืชื™ื‘: "ื•ื™ืงื— ืชืจื— ืืช ืื‘ืจื ื‘ื ื• ื•ืืช ืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืจืŸ ื•ื’ื•', ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืืชื ืžืื•ืจ ื›ืฉื“ื™ื". "ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืืชื"? "ืืชื•" ืžื‘ืขื™ ืœื™ื”, ื“ื”ื ื›ืชื™ื‘: "ื•ื™ืงื— ืชืจื— ื•ื’ื•' " ืžืื™: "ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืืชื"? ืืœื ืชืจื— ื•ืœื•ื˜ ืขื ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืฉืจื” ื ืคืงื• ื“ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื• ืขืงืจ' ืœืžื™ืคืง ืžื’ื• ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื. ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื—ืžื ืชืจื— ื“ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืจื™ื” ืืฉืชื–ื™ื‘ ืžื’ื• ื ื•ืจื ืืชื”ื“ืจ ืœืžืขื‘ื“ ืจืขื•ืชื™ื” ื“ืื‘ืจื”ื. ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื›ืš, "ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืืชื" โ€“ ืชืจื— ื•ืœื•ื˜. ื•ื‘ืฉืขืชื ื“ื ืคืงื•, ืžื” ื›ืชื™ื‘? "ืœืœื›ืช ืืจืฆื” ื›ื ืขืŸ" โ€“ ื“ืจืขื•ืชื ื“ืœื”ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื” ืœืžื™ื”ืš ืชืžืŸ, ืžื›ืืŸ ืื•ืœื™ืคื ื ื›ืœ ืžืืŸ ื“ืืชืขืจ ืœืืชื“ื›ืื” ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืœื™ื”, ืช"ื— ื“ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘: "ืœืœื›ืช ืืจืฆื” ื›ื ืขืŸ", ืžื™ื“: "ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”' ืืœ ืื‘ืจื ืœืš ืœืš". ื•ืขื“ ื“ืื™ื”ื• ืืชืขืจ ื‘ืงื“ืžื™ืชื ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœืš ืœืš, ืช"ื— ืžืœื” ื“ืœืขื™ืœื ืœื ืืชืขืจ ืขื“ ื“ืืชืขืจ ืœืชืชื ื‘ืงื“ืžื™ืชื ืขืœ ืžื” ื“ืชืฉืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ืœืขื™ืœื.

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื:

ื›ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ื›ื• ืืช ืื‘ืจื ืœืืฉ ื ื”ืจื’ ื”ืจืŸ, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ื™ืฆืื• ืžืฉื, ืžืื•ืจ ื›ืฉื“ื™ื. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืชืจื— ืื‘ื™ื•", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื’ืจื ืœื• ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืฉื. ื‘ื•ื ื•ืจืื” ืžื” ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื•ื™ืงื— ืชืจื— ื•ื’ื•'โ€ฆ ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืืชื ืžืื•ืจ ื›ืฉื“ื™ื". ื•ืฉื•ืืœ: ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืืชื" โ€“ "ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืืชื•" ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืชื•ื‘, ื“ื”ื™ื ื• ืขื ืชืจื—, ื›ื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื•ื™ืงื— ืชืจื—"! ืœืžื” ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืืชื"? ื•ืžืฉื™ื‘, ืืœื ืชืจื— ื•ืœื•ื˜ ืขื ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืฉืจื” ื™ืฆืื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉืจืฆื• ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื, ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉืจืื” ืชืจื— ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ื ื• ื ื™ืฆืœ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืืฉ, ื—ื–ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื”: "ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืืชื" โ€“ ืชืจื— ื•ืœื•ื˜.
ื•ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืฆืื•, ืžื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื: "ืœืœื›ืช ืืจืฆื” ื›ื ืขืŸ", ื›ื™ ืจืฆื•ื ื ื”ื™ื” ืœืœื›ืช ืฉื. ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื ืœื™ื˜ื”ืจ ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื•. ื‘ื•ื ื•ืจืื” ืฉื›ืš ื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘: "ืœืœื›ืช ืืจืฆื” ื›ื ืขืŸ", ืžื™ื“ ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”' ืืœ ืื‘ืจื ืœืš ืœืš". ื•ืžื˜ืจื ืฉื ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืžืขืฆืžื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ, ืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ืœืš ืœืš". ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื ื•ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ืžืขืฆืžื• ืžืœืžื˜ื”, ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœื• ืžืœืžืขืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื™ ืืชืขืจื•ืชื ื“ืœืชืชื, ืื™ืŸ ืืชืขืจื•ืชื ื“ืœืขื™ืœื. ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ, ืžื˜ืจื ืฉื ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื™ืฉืจื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœืžืขืœื”.

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”"ืง, ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืกื“ืจื. ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื ืจืžื–ื• ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืžื ื™ืข ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืื•ืจ ื›ืฉื“ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืืจืฆื” ื›ื ืขืŸ: ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืืจื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ื”ื•ืกื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื›ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืžื ืžืจื•ื“, ื›ืจืžื‘"ืŸ. ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื–ื”, ืชืจื— ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™. ืืš ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืœื›ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžืงื•ื "ื”ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืืœ ื’ืจื ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช", ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื ื•. ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื–ื”, ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืฉืจื” ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื•ืชืจื— ื•ืœื•ื˜ ื ื’ืจืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื”ื.

ื”ื‘ื ืœื”ื™ื˜ื”ืจ ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื•
ืขืชื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืฉืืœื ื•, ืžื“ื•ืข "ื ืชืงืข" ืชืจื— ื‘ื—ืจืŸ. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื ื™ืข ืฉืœ ืชืจื— ืœื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื. ืœื›ืŸ ืžื’ืœื’ืœืช ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืฉืชืจื— ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ืจืŸ, ื•ื™ืฉืืจ ืฉื. ื›ืš ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ืฉืœื• ืœื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืฉืจื”. ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืฉืจื” "ื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ื™ื˜ื”ืจ". ื”ืžื ื™ืข ืฉืœื”ื ืœืœื›ืช ืืจืฆื” ื›ื ืขืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื˜ื”ื•ืจ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื—ืคืฆื ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื.
ืขื•ื“ ืžื‘ืืจ ืœื ื• ื”ื–ื•ื”"ืง ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื”ื’ืขื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืฉืจื” ืœืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืฉืคืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืœืžืขืœื”, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ื”ืฉืชื•ืงืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืฉืคืข. ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื‘ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ื”ืฉืคืข, ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื™ืคืขืœ ืืช ืคืขื•ืœืชื• ื›ืจืื•ื™. ื›ืš ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื ื”ืฆืžื™ื— ื”' ื›ืœ ืขืฉื‘ ื”ืฉื“ื”, ื•ืœื ื”ืžื˜ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ื™ ืื“ื ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื”, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ ืฉื™ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื5:

ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ืžื˜ื™ืจ โ€“ ื•ืžื” ื˜ืขื ืœื ื”ืžื˜ื™ืจ, ืœืคื™ ืฉืื“ื ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉื‘ื ืื“ื ื•ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืจื“ื•, ื•ืฆืžื—ื• ื”ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืฉืื™ื:

ื›ืš ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื ื• ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืจืื” ืœื ืชืฆืœื™ื— ืื ืื™ืŸ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืขื– ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืœืœืžื•ื“. ื”ื”ืฉืชื•ืงืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื›ืœื™ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืจืง ืื– ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆืงืช ืœืชื•ื›ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ. ืœืœื ื”ื›ืœื™, ื™ืฉืคื›ื• ืžื™ ื”ื“ืขืช ืืจืฆื”, ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ ืฉื™ืืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื. ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉ"ืื™ืŸ ื›ืคื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช" โ€“ ื›ื™ ืœืœื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื•ื ืœืจื•ื— ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ.
ื’ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”, ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช: "ืืชืขืจื•ืชื ื“ืœืชืชื", ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืืช ื”ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ื’ืืœ. ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ: "ืืชืขืจื•ืชื ื“ืœืขื™ืœื", ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืช ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื ืฆื—ื™.

ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื-ืœื•ืงื™ ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ
ืขืกืงื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืื‘"ืข, ืœืคื™ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืชื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ, ืืœื ืื—ืช. ืžื“ื•ืข, ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืชื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ืกื“ืจื? ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืœื™ื›ืช ืชืจื—, ืœืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื?
ื ืจืื” ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืืจืฅ, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ื-ืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™. ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืชืจื— ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ืœืœื›ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™. ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื: ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ โ€“ ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœืš, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืจื•ื—ื ื™ โ€“ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ. ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื ื™ืข ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืื ื•ืฉื™, ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืš ืงื™ื•ื ื ืฆื—ื™. ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื›ืคืš: ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืืจืฆื•, ื•ืžื—ืจ ื”ื•ื ื™ืžืืก ื‘ื”, ื•ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉืฉื™ื ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื–ืจื™ื, ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื•. ืœื ื›ืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ื-ืœื•ืงื™: "ื•ื’ื ื ืฆื— ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื™ืฉืงืจ ื•ืœื ื™ื ื—ื ื›ื™ ืœื ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื ื—ื"6. ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื-ืœื•ืงื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืžื”ื, ื•ื™ืฉืืจ ื ืฆื—ื™.
ืชืจื—, ืฉืžื ื™ืขื™ื• ืœืœื›ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื, ืžืชื—ืจื˜, ื•ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื—ืจืŸ. ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืฉืจื” ืฉืžื ื™ืข ืื•ืชื ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ื-ืœื•ืงื™, ืื›ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ ื•ื›ื•ืจืชื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืช ื ืฆื— ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ.
ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืžื‘ืืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืคืœื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžื” ืœืืจืฆื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ืืฆืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ: "ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื-ืœื•ืงื™ ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืฉืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฆื•:

ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื›ื ืžืชื™ ืžืกืคืจ, ื›ืžืขื˜, ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื”. ืงืฉืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ืืจืฆื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืงืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ืืœ ืืจืฆื•. ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืชื— ืจืง ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ืข"ื™ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื ืจื‘ ื•ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืžืชื›ื ืก ื™ื—ื“ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืืจืฅ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืงื‘ืข, ื•ืื– ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื™ื–ื• ื—ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช, ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชืจื’ืœื•ืช, ืœืคืขื ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื, ื•ืงืฉืจ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื•ื”ืืจืฅ. ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื-ืœื•ืงื™ ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืฉื ืชืงืฉืจื” ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืืจืฅ ื—ืžื“ื”, ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืชื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื›ื ืžืชื™ ืžืกืคืจ, ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื•ืชื›ื•ืฃ, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ื ื™ืกืชื, ืข"ื™ ื”ื”ืขืจื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืœื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื’ืจื™ื, ืฉืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ื• ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ืœื ืขื–ืจ ืœืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื-ืœื•ืงื™ืช, ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉื•, ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ืขื•ืœื, ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื•ื™ื”ื™. ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื›ื ืžืชื™ ืžืกืคืจ, ื›ืžืขื˜, ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื”.

ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข, ื•ืื– ื™ืชืคืชื— ืงืฉืจ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืืฆืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืคืจื™ ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ืืœื ื ื•ืœื“ ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ื-ืœื•ืงื™, ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื™ ืžืกืคืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื, ื•ืžื™ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืื• ืœืืจืฅ, ื ืืœืฆื• ืœื ื“ื•ื“ ืžืžื ื” ืขืงื‘ ื”ืจืขื‘. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื•ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”, ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ืงืฉืจ ืขืžื•ืง ื•ื ืฆื—ื™.

ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื-ืœื•ืงื™ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™
ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ืืจื ื• ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืื‘"ืข. ืืš ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื’ื ืœืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืืžืจื• ื›ืกื“ืจื, ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืงื“ื ืœืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืืจืฅ, ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ืš ื”ื ืคื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:
ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืœืืจืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื-ืœื•ืงื™, ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคืœ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืืจืฅ. ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื›ืฉืœ, ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืจืง ืงืฉืจ ื-ืœื•ืงื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื.
ื›ืš ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื—ืจืœ"ืค7 ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช, ืœื”ื™ืื—ื– ื‘ืืจืฆื• ื•ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืžืชื—ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื ืชื ื•, ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืจื•ื“ืคื™ื ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื–ืžื ื ื•. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”, ื›ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืชื•ืจ ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช, ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืกืชื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื•, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืจื•ืื™ื ืื ื• ืฉื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ืขืœื” ื™ืคื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืืœื ืขืœ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื.
ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืœืชืคื™ืกื” ื–ื• ื ืœืžื“ ืžื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื ืขืฉื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืคืจืขื” ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฆืืช ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฆืœื—ื•, ื•ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฆื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ืืš ืžื”ืจ ืžืื“ ื ื”ืคืš ืœื‘ ืคืจืขื”. ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ืจื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ืžืชื•, ืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืจืง ืื– ื ืืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ื™ื“ ืจืžื”. ืžืฉื˜ื‘ืข ื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื, ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืชืฉื•ืขืชื ืฉืœืžื”, ื•ืืžืจื• ืฉื™ืจื”.
ืื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื• ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช: ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช: "ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื", ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืขืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•, ื—ืœื™ืœื”, ื ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื-ืœื•ืงื™ืช, ืืœื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช: "ื”ื‘ื ืœื”ื™ื˜ื”ืจ ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื•", ื•ื™ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ, ืืš ื’ื ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืชื‘ื•ื ืžื”ืจื”.

1 ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื•ืจ' ืฆื“ื•ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ, ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืžื’ืœื” ืขืœ ืฉื•ืจืฉื• ื•ืžื”ื•ืชื•, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืฉืืœื” ื›ื–ื•.
2 ืืžื ื "ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื›ื ืขื ื™" ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื•ืฆืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื— (ื™', ื™ื˜), ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืจื™ื’, ืืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ื–ืืช ืœื ื•ืฉื ืชืคื•ืฆืช ื”ืขืžื™ื ื•ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืขืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”, ืขื•ื“ ืžืžืขืฉื” ื ื— ื•ื”ื›ืจื, ื•ืื›ืž"ืœ. ื ืขื™ืจ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื ืฉืœ ืชืจื— ื•ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘"ืžืคื˜ื™ืจ" ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืงืจื ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื›ื” ืžืขื˜ ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ื–ืืช. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจืœื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”"ืžืคื˜ื™ืจื™ื"โ€ฆ
3 ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™"ื‘, ื”.
4 ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—"ื ื“ืฃ ืข"ื– ืข"ื‘.
5 ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘', ื”.
6 ืฉืžื•"ื ื˜"ื•, ื›ื˜.
7 ืžืžืขื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืคืจืง ื™'.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *