ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืคืจืฉื” ื โ€“ ืžื™ื“ื” ื™"ื– โ€“ ืจืืฉ ื“ื‘ืจืš ืืžืช

ืžื“ืจืฉ >> ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื”
ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื™ืดื˜ ื‘ืื“ืจ ื”ืณืชืฉืขืดื‘
 
13/03/2012

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื', ื–'

ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ืคืชื—: "ืจืืฉ ื“ื‘ืจืš ืืžืช ื•ื’ื•'", ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง: ืžืชื—ืœืช ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื "ืจืืฉ ื“ื‘ืจืš ืืžืช", "ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื" โ€“ "ื•ื”' ืืœื”ื™ื ืืžืช". "ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฆื“ืงืš", ืฉื›ืœ ื’ื–ืจื” ื•ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉืืชื” ื’ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ื•ืชื™ืš ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืชื™ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืื• ื”ืขื•ืœื, 'ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ืืœื”ื™ื' ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืืŸ, ืืœื "ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื”ื™ื", 'ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืืœื”ื™ื' ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืืŸ, ืืœื "ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื”ื™ื", 'ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจืื• ืืœื”ื™ื' ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืืŸ, ืืœื "ื‘ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื".

ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ืคืชื— โ€“ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื', ื'): "ื‘ึผึฐืจึตืืฉืึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึธืจึธื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึตืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืึตืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ", ื”ื™ื” ืคื•ืชื— ื‘ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื™"ื˜, ืง"ืก): "ืจึนืืฉื ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึฐืšึธ ืึฑืžึถืช ื•ึผืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึทื˜ ืฆึดื“ึฐืงึถืšึธ". "ืจืืฉ ื“ื‘ืจืš ืืžืช ื•ื’ื•'", ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง: ืžืชื—ืœืช ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื "ืจืืฉ ื“ื‘ืจืš ืืžืช" โ€“ ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ื™ื ื‘"ืืžืช", ืฉื”ืจื™ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื”: "ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื", ื•ืฉื "ืืœื”ื™ื" ื”ื•ื ืืžืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื™', ื™'): "ื•ึทื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึฑืžึถืช ื”ื•ึผื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืžึดืงึผึดืฆึฐืคึผื•ึน ืชึผึดืจึฐืขึทืฉื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธื›ึดืœื•ึผ ื’ื•ึนื™ึดื ื–ึทืขึฐืžื•ึน". "ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฆื“ืงืš", ืฉื›ืœ ื’ื–ืจื” ื•ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉืืชื” ื’ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ื•ืชื™ืš, ืฉื–ื”ื• "ืžืฉืคื˜", ื”ืŸ โ€“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘: "ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฆื“ืงืš", ืฉื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ืืฃ ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื", ื•ืฉื "ืืœื”ื™ื" ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืชื™ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืื• ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื”ืจื™ 'ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ืืœื”ื™ื' ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืืŸ, ืืœื (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื—', ื˜"ื•, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื™ื): "ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื" โ€“ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“, 'ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืืœื”ื™ื' ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืืŸ, ืืœื (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื', ื’'): "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื", 'ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจืื• ืืœื”ื™ื' ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืืŸ, ืืœื "ื‘ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื".

ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ: ื. "ืืœื”ื™ื" ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื. ื‘. ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืืžืช ืื—ืช โ€“ ืžืงื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื’. ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ืจืขื™ื โ€“ ืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™. ื“. ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ืื“ื ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืชื™ืช.

ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืฉืชื™ ืฉืืœื•ืช.
ื”ืื—ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”:

ื‘ึผึฐืจึตืืฉืึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึธืจึธื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึตืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืึตืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ.

"ืืœื”ื™ื" ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ืคืชื—ื•ืŸ ืคื” ืœืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช1.
ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื (ืงื™"ื˜, ืง"ืก):

ืจึนืืฉื ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึฐืšึธ ืึฑืžึถืช ื•ึผืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึทื˜ ืฆึดื“ึฐืงึถืšึธ.

ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ื ื” โ€“ ืžื”ื• ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืง, ื•ืžื” ื‘ื ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืœืœืžื“.
ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช โ€“ ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื’ื ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื”.

"ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื"
ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ื”', ืกืขื™ืฃ ื'):

ื™ื›ื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœื•ืช. ื›ืฉื™ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืฉื, ื™ื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืงืจื™ืืชื• ื‘ืื“ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœ, ื•ื™ื›ื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื• ื‘ื™ื•"ื“ ื”"ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื•ื”ื•ื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื”. ื•ื‘ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืืœื”ื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ื™ืŸ: ืฉื”ื•ื ืชืงื™ืฃ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื›ื—ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื.

ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื. ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืจื•ื›ื‘ ืžื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™, ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™. ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ืืžืจื• ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช โ€“ ืืฉ, ืจื•ื—, ืžื™ื, ืขืคืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืืœื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื.
ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ื›ืœ ื”ืชืœื‘ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื. ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืคืจื ืกื”, ื—ื™ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” โ€“ ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“.
ืžืงื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื "ืืœืงื™ื".

ืืžืช ืื—ืช
ืœืื•ืจ ื–ืืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง: "ืจืืฉ ื“ื‘ืจืš ืืžืช" โ€“ ืขืœ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ื™ืจืžื™ื” (ื™', ื™'):

ื•ึทื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึฑืžึถืช ื”ื•ึผื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืžึดืงึผึดืฆึฐืคึผื•ึน ืชึผึดืจึฐืขึทืฉื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธื›ึดืœื•ึผ ื’ื•ึนื™ึดื ื–ึทืขึฐืžื•ึน.

ื ืจืื”, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.

ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ืžืืžื™ืŸ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืื™ืŸ "ืืœ ื˜ื•ื‘" ื•"ืืœ ืจืข", "ืืœ ื”ืื•ืจ" ื•"ืืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš". ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”.
ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ, ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง. ื›ืฉืื“ื ื ืชืงืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืงืฉื”, ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืœื• ืฉืืœื•ืช. ืžื”ื• ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืจื•ืข ืฉืื ื™ ื ืชืงืœ ื‘ื•? ื”ืื ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘? ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืœืขื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ืข ืžื•ื—ืœื˜. ืงืฉื” ืœืื“ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ื•ืจืขื™ื ืฉื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘.
ื”ืจื™ ื’ื ืื“ื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืœื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื•ื—ื™ื•ืš ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข. ื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื• ื•ืฉืจืข ืœื•. ืœื•ึผ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืื•ืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืœื ืืช ืœื‘ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช.
ืืฃ ื›ื™ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื›ืœื ื•, ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฆื“ืง ื•ื”ื™ื•ืฉืจ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื.

ืขืœ ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง: "ืจืืฉ ื“ื‘ืจืš ืืžืช". ืžืงื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืืžืช. ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืืžื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืจื™ ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืืžื™ืชื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉ ืืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืข.
ื”ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉ"ืจืืฉ ื“ื‘ืจืš โ€“ ืืžืช", ืฉืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืืžืช, ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉ"ืœืขื•ืœื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฆื“ืงืš" โ€“ ืžืฉืคื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฆื“ืง. ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื, ื’ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช, ื‘ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืžืช ื”ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ "ื›ืœ ื’ื–ืจื” ื•ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉืืชื” ื’ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ื•ืชื™ืš ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”".
ืจืืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืืžืช โ€“ ื”ืืžืช ื”ืื—ืช ืฉืœ "ื”' ืืœืงื™ื ืืžืช". ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงืž"ื”, ื˜'):

ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื”' ืœึทื›ึผึนืœ ื•ึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึธื™ื• ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึธื™ื•.

ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืจืžื•ื– ื‘ืžื™ืœื” "ืœืขื•ืœื". ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื“ืจืฉื• ืžื™ืœื” ื–ื• ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื2. "ืœืขื•ืœื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฆื“ืงืš" โ€“ ืžืฉืคื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืขืœื ืžืื™ืชื ื•. ืื™ื ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื•. ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ืœืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืขื™ื. ืืš ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืงื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื•ื "ื”' ืืœืงื™ื ืืžืช", ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื’ื ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ืœืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื›ืจืข โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื. ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืžืฉืคื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” โ€“ ืœื’ื–ืจื•ืชื™ื•. ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื "ืืžืช" โ€“ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื›ืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื•ื’ื–ื™ืจื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžื•ื‘ื:

ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืชื™ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืื• ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ื ืจืื”, ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ "ืฉืชื™ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืื• ื”ืขื•ืœื", ืื™ื ื ื” ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง, ืฉืืžืจ "ื‘ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื" ื•ืœื "ื‘ืจืื• ืืœื”ื™ื".
"ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ", ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื“ื ื”ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืจื•ืื” ื–ืืช. ื”ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืกื•ืชืจื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื•ื™ืฉ ื™ืฆืจ ื˜ื•ื‘. ืื•ืœื, ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื ืคืฉื•, ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื "ืฉืชื™ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช". ืื“ื ื—ื™ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืชื™ืช โ€“ ื›ืœืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื“ื ืื—ื“, ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื• โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช.
"ื•ึผืžึดื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึธืจึดื™ ืึถื—ึฑื–ึถื” ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึผึท" (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™"ื˜, ื›"ื•). ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืชืจื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื‘ื•, ื›ืš ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ ืื—ื“, ื•ืžืžื ื• ืžืชืคืจื˜ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•.

โ€ฆื”ืŸ ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืชื™ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืื• ื”ืขื•ืœืโ€ฆ

ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื•ืžื–, ืฉืžื›ื— ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ืื“ื ื‘ืื” ื”ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช.
ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืื—ืช ืฉื‘ืื“ื ื”ื™ื ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”. ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื•ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช (ืžื›ื•ืช ื›"ื’ ืข"ื‘):

ื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืœืื™: ืฉืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื•ืฉืœืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืžืฆื•ืช ื ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืœืžืฉื”โ€ฆ ื‘ื ื—ื‘ืงื•ืง ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ืŸ ืขืœ ืื—ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื—ื‘ืงื•ืง ื‘'): "ื•ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ืืžื•ื ืชื• ื™ื—ื™ื”".

ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื”ืื“ื ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ืขื•ืฉื”. ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืกื•ืชืจื•ืช, ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ืžื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื. ืืžืจ ืงื”ืœืช (ืงื”ืœืช ื–', ื™"ื—):

ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึถืึฑื—ึนื– ื‘ึผึธื–ึถื” ื•ึฐื’ึทื ืžึดื–ึผึถื” ืึทืœ ืชึผึทื ึผึทื— ืึถืช ื™ึธื“ึถืšึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐืจึตื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื™ึตืฆึตื ืึถืช ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื.

ื™ืจื ืืœืงื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื—ื•ื– ื‘ื–ื” ื•ื’ื ื‘ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ืžื›ื— ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื™ืจืืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื• โ€“ ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื.

ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ
ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉืจืื• ืืช ื”ืฆื“ืง ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ืฉืงืจื• ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืค"ื– ืข"ื‘):

ื•ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ: ืœื ื”ื’ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืกืคื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื’ืจื™ืโ€ฆ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื•ืฉืขื™ื: ืžืื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื”'): "ืฆื“ืงื•ืช ืคืจื–ื•ื ื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ืฆื“ืงื” ืขืฉื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืคื–ืจืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช.

ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“. ืื•ืœื ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื’ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช โ€“ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื. ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื” ืžื ื•ื’ื“ืช ืœืจืฆื•ื ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ื—ืœื™ืœื”.

ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื โ€“ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื.
ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืจืข โ€“ ื™ืฉ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื•ืชื•, ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ืžืขืฉื”. ืื—ืจ ืฉืงืจื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ โ€“ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื ื• ื›ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืขื•ืœืžื•.
ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉ"ืจืืฉ ื“ื‘ืจืš ืืžืช", ื•ืจืง ื”ืืžืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœืื“ื ื›ื— ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื ืœื ืกื•ืช "ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื—" ืขื ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ื™ืฉื ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืจืข, ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืขืœื ืžืขื™ื ื™ื ื•. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ โ€“ "ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฆื“ืงืš". ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืœื โ€“ ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฆื“ืง ื”ืืœื•ืงื™.

1 ืขื™' ืœืงืžืŸ ืคืจืฉื” ื—', ื˜'.
2 ืขื™' ืœืžืฉืœ ืงื”ืœืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื’', ื™"ื.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *