ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื™ืจืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ? ื™ืจืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช?

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื›ืดื— ื‘ืื‘ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื‘
 
06/08/2002

ื™ืจืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ? ื™ืจืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช?

ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช1:

ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื™ืจืืชื• ื™ืชืขืœื” ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื“ ืžืžื ื• ื•ืœื ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื›ื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื™ ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ืจื ื‘ื™ืจืืช ืขื ืฉื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื• ื™ืชืขืœื” 'ืืช ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืชื™ืจื'.

ื™ืฉื ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ืจื ื•ืœืคื—ื“ ืžืขื•ื ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”' ืœืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, "ื™ืจืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ".
ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื•, ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื2:

ื”ืืœ ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื ื”ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืื”ื‘ื• ื•ืœื™ืจืื” ืื•ืชื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš, ื•ื ืืžืจ ืืช ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืชื™ืจื.
ื•ื”ื™ืืš ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืื”ื‘ืชื• ื•ื™ืจืืชื•, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื• ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืจืื” ืžื”ืŸ ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืขืจืš ื•ืœื ืงืฅ ืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ืื•ื”ื‘ ื•ืžืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžืคืืจ ื•ืžืชืื•ื” ืชืื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื™ื“ืข ื”ืฉื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืฆืžืื” ื ืคืฉื™ ืœืืœื”ื™ื ืœืืœ ื—ื™, ื•ื›ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืขืฆืžืŸ ืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ื ืจืชืข ืœืื—ื•ืจื™ื• ื•ื™ืคื—ื“ ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืคืœื” ืืคืœื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ื“ืขืช ืงืœื” ืžืขื•ื˜ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืชืžื™ื ื“ืขื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื™ ืืจืื” ืฉืžื™ืš ืžืขืฉื” ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ืš ืžื” ืื ื•ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชื–ื›ืจื ื•โ€ฆ

ื™ืฉื ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ืจื ืืช ื”', ื™ืจืื” ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ื›ืจืช ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื• ื•ืจื•ืžืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ "ื™ืจืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช".
ื”ืฉืืœื” ืขื•ืœื” ืžืืœื™ื”. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช: ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื™ืจืื” ื›"ื™ืจืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ" ื•ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื›"ื™ืจืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช".

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืกืชื™ืจื” ื–ื•?
ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ืื—ืจ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืกืชื™ืจื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื.
ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืฉืžืŸ, ืžื‘ืืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœืœืžื“ื ื•, ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืืฃ ื‘ืœื ืชื•ืจื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉืขืฉื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืœื ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช.
ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืขืœ ืžืืžืจ ื—ื–"ืœ3: "ืชืจื™"ื’ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ืืžืจื• ืœืžืฉื” ื‘ืกื™ื ื™", ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื›ื— ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™. ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืœืžื“ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช.
ื ืจืื”, ืฉื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื‘ืืจ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ื™ืจืืช ื”'.
ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื”ื™ืจืื” ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื”. ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื™ืจืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ื™ื. ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืจืง ืืœ ื™ืจืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช, ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ื‘ื ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”' ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื”.
ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžืคืจื˜ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืœืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืœืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื™ืจืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ืช ืœืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื™ืจืื”.
ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื ื›ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื™ืจืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื™ืจืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช.

ืื•ืœื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ: ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช? ื›ืœื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื™ืจืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื ืฆื˜ื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกื™ื ื™, ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื”?
ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื.
ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื™ืจืืช ื”' ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืืœื ืฉื›ืœ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉื•ื ื”.
ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื•ืืชื—ื ืŸ4 ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”:

ื”ืฉืžืจ ืœืš ืคืŸ ืชืฉื›ื— ืืช ื”' ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฆื™ืืš ืžืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ืขื‘ื“ื™ื. ืืช ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืชื™ืจื ื•ืืชื• ืชืขื‘ื“ ื•ื‘ืฉืžื• ืชืฉื‘ืข. ืœื ืชืœื›ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืืœื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืืœื”ื™ ื”ืขืžื™ื ืืฉืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื›ื. ื›ื™ ืืœ ืงื ื ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ื‘ืงืจื‘ืš ืคืŸ ื™ื—ืจื” ืืฃ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ื‘ืš ื•ื”ืฉืžื™ื“ืš ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”.

ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืขืงื‘5 ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”:

ื•ืขืชื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื” ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืฉืืœ ืžืขืžืš ื›ื™ ืื ืœื™ืจืื” ืืช ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื•ืœืื”ื‘ื” ืืชื• ื•ืœืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉืš. ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ืžืฆื•ืช ื”' ื•ืืช ื—ืงืชื™ื• ืืฉืจ ืื ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ืš ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืš. ื”ืŸ ืœื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืฉืžื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื”. ืจืง ื‘ืื‘ืชื™ืš ื—ืฉืง ื”' ืœืื”ื‘ื” ืื•ืชื ื•ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื–ืจืขื ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ื›ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”. ื•ืžืœืชื ืืช ืขืจืœืช ืœื‘ื‘ื›ื ื•ืขืจืคื›ื ืœื ืชืงืฉื• ืขื•ื“. ื›ื™ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ื›ื ื”ื•ื ืืœื”ื™ ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื•ืื“ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื™ื ื”ืืœ ื”ื’ื“ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ืฉื ืคื ื™ื ื•ืœื ื™ืงื— ืฉื—ื“. ืขืฉื” ืžืฉืคื˜ ื™ืชื•ื ื•ืืœืžื ื” ื•ืื”ื‘ ื’ืจ ืœืชืช ืœื• ืœื—ื ื•ืฉืžืœื”. ื•ืื”ื‘ืชื ืืช ื”ื’ืจ ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืืช ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืชื™ืจื ืืชื• ืชืขื‘ื“ ื•ื‘ื• ืชื“ื‘ืง ื•ื‘ืฉืžื• ืชืฉื‘ืข. ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœืชืš ื•ื”ื•ื ืืœื”ื™ืš ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืืชืš ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื•ืืช ื”ื ื•ืจืืช ื”ืืœื” ืืฉืจ ืจืื• ืขื™ื ื™ืš.

ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื•ืืชื—ื ืŸ ื”ื™ืจืื” ื”ื™ื ื™ืจืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ, "ืคืŸ ื™ื—ืจื” ืืฃ ื”'โ€ฆ".
ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืขืงื‘ ื”ื™ืจืื” ื”ื™ื ื™ืจืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช, "ื”ืŸ ืœื”' ืืœืงื™ืš ื”ืฉืžื™ืโ€ฆ ื”ื•ื ืชื”ื™ืœืชืš ื•ื”ื•ื ืืœืงื™ืšโ€ฆ".
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื™ืจืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืจื›ืช ืื•ืชื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ืช ื”' โ€“ "ืœื™ืจืื” ืืช ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ืšโ€ฆ ื•ืœืื”ื‘ื” ืื•ืชื•โ€ฆ", ื•ืืฃ ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื: "ื•ื”ื™ืืš ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืื”ื‘ืชื• ื•ืœื™ืจืืชื•โ€ฆ".
ื™ืจืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื—ืœืง ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื”'. ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืฆื•ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืืœ ื”ื™ืจืื” ื•ื”ืื”ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื™ืจืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ, ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืœืื“ื ื•ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ื›ื ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืจืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช, ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื”', ื•ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœ ืื”ื‘ืช ื”' ืžื’ื™ืข ื’ื ืืœ ื™ืจืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช.
ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื™ืจืื” ื”ื™ื, ืื ื›ืŸ, ื™ืจืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ, ื•ื™ืจืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื›ืœื•ืœื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื”, ื”ืžืœืžื“ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”' ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื•.


1 ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื“'.
2 ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืค"ื‘ ื”ืœ' ื' โ€“ ื‘'.
3 ืžื›ื•ืช ื›"ื’ ืข"ื‘.
4 ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•', ื™"ื‘ โ€“ ื˜"ื•.
5 ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™', ื™"ื‘ โ€“ ื›"ื.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *