ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ื–ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช (ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ)

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื›ืดื• ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืณืชืฉืกืดื’
 
26/06/2003

ื–ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ

ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืืฃ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืฉืจื ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืกื.
ื ืจืื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื ื‘ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืžืฆื‘.
"ืงื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื" ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœื ื• "ืงื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช" ื—"ื•, ื•"ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช" ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื• ืืช ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจืขื”. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื”.
ืื ื• ื ื›ื ื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื "ื–ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช". ื”ื–ืžื™ืจื” ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ืฉืœ ืขื ืคื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขืฅ, ืืš ืžื˜ืจืชื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช, ืจืขื ื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืจื“ื•ืžื™ื. ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื›ืขืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื–ื•ืžืจ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฆื™ื" โ€“ ื™ืฉื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ืš, ืืš ื’ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช.
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ืœืจืขื ื•ืŸ, ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช.

ื”ื’ืžืจื ืื•ืžืจืช1:

ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ืจืžื™ (=ื”ืงืฉื”): ื›ืชื™ื‘ 'ืื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœืžื” ืœืžืื•ืžื”' ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ 'ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื›ืื‘ื ื™ื', ืœื ืงืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ืฉื ืฉืœืžื” ืืช ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื”, ื›ืืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืฉื ืฉืœืžื” ืืช ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื”.

ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื, ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžืชืืจื™ื ืืช ืขืฉืจื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื•ืžื•ืฆื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืกืชื™ืจื”. ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืืจ ืฉื”ื›ืกืฃ ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘, ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืื‘ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืจืฉ"ื™: "ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืžื™ื”ื ืคื•ืจืชื" โ€“ ื™ืฉ ืœืื‘ื ื™ื ืื™ื–ื• ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื›ืฉื”ื›ืกืฃ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืื‘ื ื™ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืžืื” ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื›ืกืฃ ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืœืœ โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืš ืœืจืฉื™ืžื” ื›ื–ื•โ€ฆ ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื›ืš ืกืชื™ืจื”.
ืืช ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื• ืฉืœ ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ. ืžื”ื• ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืฉื™ืืช ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืกืฃ? ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื ื•: ืžื”ื• ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™?
ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘:

ื“ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื ืฉื ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื” ื•ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžืื•ืžื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœืžื” 'ื•ืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžื›ืกืฃ ื ื‘ื—ืจ' (ืžืฉืœื™ ื˜"ื–, ื˜"ื–), ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื ืฉื ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื” ืžื™ืขื˜ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืจื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืชื• ื•ืชืขื ื•ื’ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”โ€ฆ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื•ืง"ืœ.

ื ืฉื™ืืช ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื”, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืชืคืก ืืฆืœื• ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ื•ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช2.
ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืฉืœืžื” ืขื ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื” ื”ื™ื• ืฆืขื“ ืžื“ื™ื ื™, ืฉืจืฆื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช "ืžื–ืจื— ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ". ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื ืฉืœืžื” ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•, ื•ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื“ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืขืžื™ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ. ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื, ื•ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื›ื ื ื™ืงื— ืœื ื• ืœื ืฉื™ื โ€“ ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืขื ืื—ื“3.
ืžืขืฉื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื–ื”, ื’ื•ืจืจ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื. ืœืคื ื™ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืฉืœืžื” ืขื ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื”, ื”ื™ื” ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกื•ืœื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืžืฉืœื•, ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจ "ื•ืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžื›ืกืฃ ื ื‘ื—ืจ"4 ื•ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžืื•ืžื”. ืืžื ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื• ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืขืจืš, ืœืžื“ื“ ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื.
ื”ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืขืžื™ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ, ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื”ื›ื ืกืช ืกื•ืœื ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœ ืชื•ืš ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืคืชืื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ. ืืžื ื ื›ืื‘ื ื™ื โ€“ ืืš ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขืจืš ืขืฆืžื™. ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืื“ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืกืคื• ื•ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขื•ืœืžื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™.
ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืฉืœืžื” ืขื ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืฉื” ืื™ืฉื™ ืคืจื˜ื™, ืืœื ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืžื•ืกืจื™.
ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื’ืž' ืžื•ื‘ื:

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื ืฉื ืฉืœืžื” ืืช ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื” ื™ืจื“ ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ื•ื ืขืฅ ืงื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืขืœื” ืฉื™ืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื ื‘ื ื” ื›ืจืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืจื•ืžื™.

ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ืืช ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื” ืชื—ื™ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืกื•ืœื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชื•ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช โ€“ ื›ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžืฆื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช.

ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืœืžืฆื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™, ืื•ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช, ืฉื˜ื—ื™ืช ื•ืจื“ื•ื“ื”. ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืงืฆืจื” ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ื›ืœืœื™. ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืžื“ืœื“ืœื•ืช ืืช ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
ื—ื–"ืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืขืžื™ืง ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœื”ื โ€“ ืื ื• ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžื”ื. ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ื’ื ืกื•ืœื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื•ืœืจ, ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ื’ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืกื—ืจื™โ€ฆ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืงื•ื ืฉื”ื›ืกืฃ ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžืื•ืžื”, ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืžื”ื•ืžื” โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืจืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืจื›ื•ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช.
ื’ื ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื“ื•ืžื”. ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ื’ื ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื ืžื“ื“ ื‘ื›ืกืฃ.
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœ, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. "ืื™ื–ื”ื• ืขืฉื™ืจ โ€“ ื”ืฉืžื— ื‘ื—ืœืงื•". ืขื•ืฉืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ื ืžื“ื“ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ, ืืœื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื•, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข.
ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื ื•ืข ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ืžืขื•ืœื ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื’ื“ืœื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืชื’ื“ืœ, ืžืชื•ืš ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืœืชื•ืจื”.
ื”ื–ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื, ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืกื•ืœื ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื‘ื• ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžืื•ืžื”, "ื•ืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” โ€“ ืžื›ืกืฃ ื ื‘ื—ืจ".

ื”ื–ืžื™ืจื” ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช. ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื™ืชืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“, ืื™ืฉ ื›ื ื“ื‘ืช ืœื™ื‘ื• "ื•ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื” ืžืื•ืฉืจ".
ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื:

ืคืขื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื›ืชื‘ ื ืจื’ืฉ ืœืื—ื“ ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžืฆื‘ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ืงืฉื” ืžืื“, ื•ื‘ืื ื—ืคืฅ ื”ื•ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ ื ืฆื— ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ื™ืคืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืืชื• ืžืขื˜ ืžื›ืกืคื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืชื•ืขื™ืœ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžื•ืขื˜ืช ื–ื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื•ืื•ืœื ืœื™ืžื™ื ืžืช ืื•ืชื• ืขืฉื™ืจ, ื•ื ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื”ื ื™ื— ืžื ื›ืกื™ื• ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ืžื”.
ื›ืฉืฉืžืข ื–ืืช ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ื‘: ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืืฆืœื™ ืฉืžืฉืžื™ื ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ื•ืช ื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ืชื•ืจื” ืœืื“ื ืื—ื“. ื•ื‘ืœื‘ืœื” ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืืช ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœื ื™ืชืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืฉืืจ ืœื›ืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ื“ืœื™ื, ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื‘ื–ื”ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืฉืœื—5 ื ืืžืจ:

ื‘ืื” ื•ืจืื” ื›ืžื” ืขืงืžื™ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืจืžืื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื›ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื ื—ืฉ (=ืฉืจื• ืฉืœ ืขืฉื•), ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ 'ื”ืงื•ืœ ืงื•ืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฉื•' ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืคืกืง ืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื– ื™ืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืฉื•, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืจืข ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืงื•ืœื•โ€ฆ ืื– ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•, ืžื” ืขืฉื” ืžื™ื“ 'ื•ื™ื’ืข ื‘ื›ืฃ ื™ืจื›ื•' ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื›ื ื›ื ื’ื“ื•, ืืžืจ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืฉื‘ืจื• ืชื•ืžื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื™ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ืขื•ื“โ€ฆ

ืชื•ืžื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœืžืขืœื” ืœื‘ืœ ื™ืœืš ืขืœ ื’ื—ื•ื ื•. ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื›ื’ื•ืฃ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœื. ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ืชื•ืจื”. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืจื•ืžื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
ื–ื›ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื ื•ืคืœืช ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื ืœื’ื•ืคื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“.


1 ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื›"ื ืข"ื‘.
2 ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ืงืฉื™ื ืžืขื˜, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ืœื›ืกืฃ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื—ืกื• ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœื›ืกืฃ.
3 ืข"ืค ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœ"ื“, ื˜"ื–.
4 ืžืฉืœื™ ื˜"ื–, ื˜"ื–.
5 ื“ืฃ ืงืข"ื ืข"ื, ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื 'ืžืชื•ืง ืžื“ื‘ืฉ'.

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *