ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” (ื˜"ื– ืข"ื‘) โ€“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื”ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
18/07/1980

ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื˜"ื– (ืข"ื‘):

ื•ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ืœื˜ื”ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืจื’ืœ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืœืชื ืœื ืชื’ืขื• ืชื ื™ื ื ืžื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืœืชื ืœื ืชื’ืขื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื™ื”ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ื–ื”ืจื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื’ืข ื ื‘ื™ืœื” ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืžื•ืจ ืืœ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ ืžื•ื–ื”ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื”ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืœื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืžื” ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื”ืจื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื”ืจื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืงืœื” ืœื ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ.

ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื—ื ื ืืœ:

ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืืžื•ืจ ืืœ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ืืžืจืช ืืœื™ื”ื ืœื ืคืฉ ืœื ื™ื˜ืžื ื‘ืขืžื™ื• (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›"ื, ื') ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื–ื”ืจื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ื˜ืžืื•ืช, ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื–ื”ืจื• ืืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืžืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืงืœื” ืœื ื”ื•ื–ื”ืจื•, ืฉืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื–ื”ืจื• ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืงืœื” (ืœื) ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืงืจื ืœืคืจืฉ ืœื”ื ืื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืงืœื” ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื—ืžื•ืจื”. ืืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ืžื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืื–ื”ืจืชื ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืžืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื”, ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืงืœื” ืœื ื”ื•ื–ื”ืจื•. ื•ืื ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื–ื”ืจื• ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืงืœื”, ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืžื” ืช"ืœ "ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืœืชื ืืœ ืชื’ืขื•" ืืœื ืฉืžืข ืžื™ื ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื–ื”ืจื• ืœื™ื˜ื”ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื˜ื•ืžืื” ืงืœื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ.
ืžื›ืืŸ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื˜ื”ืจ ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืœ ื‘ื‘ื•ืื” ืœื™ืจืื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”'.

ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื• ืฉืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ" ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื—ืžื•ืจื”" ื•"ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืงืœื”" ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœื”ื "ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื™ื• ื›ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืื ื™ ืืœื•ืงื™ื›ื" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™"ื˜) ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœื”ื "ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืืœื”ื™ื”ื" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›"ื).
ืืฃ ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™, ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ื—, ื•ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ1.
ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื™ืฉ ื”ื—ืกื“2. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ืงืœ" ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ืกื“ ื•ื”ื•ื–ื”ืจื• ืžื˜ื•ืžืืช ืžืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื—ืžื•ืจ" ืฉื›ืŸ ื˜ื•ืžืืชื• ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื—ืžื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืžืžื™ื“ืชื.
ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžืฆื“ ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ื”ื ื‘ืชืคืืจืช โ€“ ืชืคืืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื ื’ื ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™' "ื—ืžื•ืจ" ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื–ื”ืจื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื˜ื•ืžืื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืžืžื“ืจื’ืชื.
ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื–ื”ืจื• ืžื˜ื•ืžืื” ืงืœื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืžื“ืจื’ืชื ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™' "ืงืœ", ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื ื• ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืืœ ื‘ื—ื™' "ื—ืžื•ืจ" ื•ืœื˜ื•ืžืื” ื—ืžื•ืจื”, ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื–ื”ืจื• ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืงืœื”.
ื•ืืขืค"ื› ื ืืžืจ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ื‘ื ื‘ืœืชื ืืœ ืชื’ืขื•". ืžื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื’ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื ืžืชืขืœื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉืืฃ ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืงืœื” ืกื•ืชืจืช ืืช ืงื™ืจื‘ืช ื”' ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืœื˜ื”ืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืจื’ืœ. ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืืฃ ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืงืœื” ืœื ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืœืขื "ื“ ื™"ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ (ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' ืฉ"ืค):

ื”ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื, ื˜ื•ืžืืชื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืงืจื•. ืžื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืžื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืชื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืชืขืฆื•ืžืชื. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื”ืชื”ื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆืจ ืœื‘ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ืชื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื“ืื™ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืฉื•ื›ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจืื” ืžื•ืช.
ืžืชืขืœื™ื ื”ื ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื ืžื”ืงืฉื‘ื” ืฉืงืจื™ืช ื–ื•, ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžืœื˜ ืžืžื ื” ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ื›ื–ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื ืžื”ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ืจืฉืžื™ ื”ื”ื˜ืขืื” ื”ืœืœื• ืืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ, 'ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืžืช ืœื ื™ื‘ื', 'ืœื ืคืฉ ืœื ื™ื˜ืžื ื‘ืขืžื™ื•'.

ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื”. ืกืคื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื (ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืž' ื—ื›ื, ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื”).
ื”ื ื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœืžื”ื•ืชื. ื”ื ื‘ืงื“ืฉ, ืจื•ืื™ื ืจืง ืชืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืžืช ืื™ื ื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืืœื™ื”ื.
ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืžืช ื”ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื”. ื›ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื‘ื”ื™ืœืงื— ืžืžื ื• ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืชื•, ื™ื•ืจื“ ื”ื•ื ืœืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื›ืš ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืžืช, ืฉื‘ื”ื™ืœืงื— ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืื“ื, ื˜ื•ืžืืชื• ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื‘ืœื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื”ื™ืœืงื— ืžื”ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ื ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืงืœื” ื•ืื™ื ื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืžืžื”ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื”.


1 ืขื™' ื˜ืœืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืงืจื ืขืž' ืชืข"ื• โ€“ ืชืข"ื–.
2 ืข' ื–ื”ืจ ืชื–ืจื™ืข ืž"ื—: โ€“ ืž"ื˜. ื•ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื ืื•ืช ืงื›"ื’ "ื‘ื ื•ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืื™ื ื ื ื˜ื”ืจื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช. ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื›ื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื”ื ืœื˜ื”ืจื ื•ื’ื•' ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืชืขืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื ื•ื’ื•'. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื‘ืฉืžื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื›ื”ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื ืžืฆื“ ื—ืกื“ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื, ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื ื™ืฃ ืื”ืจืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื™ื ืชื ื•ืคื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”', ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืืฆืœ ืื™ืฉ ื–ื” ืฉืœืžืขืœื”, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื‘ืฉื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื• ื—ืกื“ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืžืชื‘ืกื ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืœืžื˜ื”".

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *