ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืžืฆื•ื” ืœ"ื‘ โ€“ ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื”

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ
ื›ืณ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ื”ืณืชืฉืดืž
 
09/01/1980

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชืจื™"ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช
  ยป

ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื. ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื›ืœืœืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืžื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื.

ืžืฆื•ื” ืœ"ื‘ ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื ื• ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื–ืจืข ืื”ืจืŸ, ืœืคืืจื ื•ืœื ืฉืื, ื•ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ืจื’ืชื ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื•ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืžืื ื• ืœื ื ืฉืžืข ืžื”ื, ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืœืืœ ื™ืชืขืœื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืงื—ื ื•ื‘ื—ืจื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื•ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื•. ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื• ื™ืชืขืœื” ื•ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืฉืžื• "ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื• ื›ื™ ืืช ืœื—ื ืืœื”ื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืงืจื™ื‘". ื•ื‘ื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ "ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื•", ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืœืคืชื•ื— ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžื ื” ื™ืคื” ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ "ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื•", ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื•, ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื ืฆื˜ื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• "ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืืœื”ื™ื”ื", ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื, "ื•ื”ื™ื• ืงื“ืฉ", ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืžื™ืŸ, ืฉืœื ืชืืžืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืื•ืช ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื—ื ืืœื”ื™ื• ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ืžืขืœืช ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• "ื•ื”ื™ื• ืงื“ืฉ", ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืจืข ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ื”ื•ื, ืชืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืžื•ื. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื‘ืืจื• ื”ืชื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื•ืื– ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ืขืžื”ื ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืคื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื–ื•ืœืชื.

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฆื•ื”
ืžืฆื•ื” ืœ"ื‘ ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื ื• โ€“ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื–ืจืข ืื”ืจืŸ โ€“ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืœืคืืจื ื•ืœื ืฉืื โ€“ ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ื”ืจื‘ ืงืืคื— ื•ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ืคืจื ืงืœ ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื•: "ืœืจื•ืžืžื", ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ืจื’ืชื ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื•ืจืืฉื•ื ื” โ€“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ื”ืจื‘ ืงืืคื— ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืชืจื’ื•ื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช "ืืœืชืงื“ื™ื" ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื "ืืœืชืงื“ื™ืก" ืฉืชืจื’ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื ื•ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืžืื ื• ืœื ื ืฉืžืข ืžื”ื โ€“ ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืืœื ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืœืืœ ื™ืชืขืœื”, ืื—ืจ โ€“ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืงื—ื ื•ื‘ื—ืจื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื•ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื• โ€“ ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื. ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื• ื™ืชืขืœื” ื•ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืฉืžื• (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›"ื, ื—'): "ื•ึฐืงึดื“ึผึทืฉืึฐืชึผื•ึน ื›ึผึดื™ ืึถืช ืœึถื—ึถื ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื”ื•ึผื ืžึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ ืงึธื“ึนืฉื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึผึธืšึฐ". ื•ื‘ื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ (ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื "ื˜ ืข"ื‘ ื•ืขื•ื“): "ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื•", ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžื ื” ื™ืคื” ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ืฉื‘ื–ื” ืื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ื™ื—ืกื ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ. ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ โ€“ ื•ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ื”ืจื‘ ืงืืคื— ื•ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ืคืจื ืงืœ ืชืงื ื• ืœ"ืกืคืจื", ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื•" ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ืœืขื™ืœ (ืืžื•ืจ, ืคืจืง ื'): "ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื•", ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื•, ืœื•ืžืจ โ€“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ โ€“ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื ืฆื˜ื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ื• โ€“ ื›ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›"ื, ื•' ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื ืืžื•ืจ, ืคืจืง ื'): "ืงึฐื“ึนืฉืึดื™ื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืœึตืืœึนื”ึตื™ื”ึถื", ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื, "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืงึนื“ึถืฉื", ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืžื™ืŸ โ€“ ืฉืืฃ ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื›ื‘ื“ื. ืฉืœื ืชืืžืจ ืื—ืจ โ€“ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืฉืœื ื™ืื•ืช โ€“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ โ€“ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื—ื ืืœื”ื™ื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืžื™ืŸ ืคืกื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืžืขืœืช ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• "ื•ื”ื™ื• ืงื“ืฉ", ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืจืข ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ื”ื•ื, ืชืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืžื•ื. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื‘ืืจื• ื”ืชื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื โ€“ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ โ€“ ื•ืื– ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ โ€“ ืฉื™ืชื ื”ื’ื• โ€“ ืขืžื”ื ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื–ื” โ€“ ืœื›ื‘ื“ื ื›ื "ืœ โ€“ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืคื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื–ื•ืœืชื โ€“ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ (ืงืœ"ื‘ ืข"ื‘) ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื•ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช (ืž"ื” ืข"ื‘) ืืžืจื• ืฉื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืฉื ื ืฉื™ื ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื ื˜ืžื ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“. ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ื "ื” ืข"ื‘) ืฉื”ื ื•ืฉื ื’ื•ื™ื” ืื™ื ื• ืœืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“.

ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื
ืœื ื”ืจื™ ืžืฆื•ืช "ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื•" ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื”ืจื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ื™"ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื”.
ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื:

ืžืฆื•ื” ืœ"ื‘ ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื ื• ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื–ืจืข ืื”ืจืŸ ืœืคืืจื ื•ืœื ืฉืื ื•ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ืจื’ืชื ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื•ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืžืื ื• ืœื ื ืฉืžืข ืžื”ื. ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืœืืœ ื™ืชืขืœื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืงื—ื ื•ื‘ื—ืจื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื•ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื•โ€ฆ

ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ืงื“ืžืชื• ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.
ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื™"ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœ' ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื• ืค"ื“ ื”"ื, ื‘'):

ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื‘ื“ืœื• ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืœื•ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื•ื™ื‘ื“ืœ ืื”ืจืŸ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ื", ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ืœืงื“ืฉื ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ื ื ืœืงืจื‘ืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื• ื›ื™ ืืช ืœื—ื ืืœื”ื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืงืจื™ื‘".
ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžื ื” ื™ืคื” ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.

ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืงืจื‘ืŸ, ื•ื›ืชื•ืกืคืช ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ื›ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš (ืžืฆื•ื” ืจืก"ื˜):

ืœืงื“ืฉ ื–ืจืข ืื”ืจืŸ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืงื“ืฉื ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืกื ืœืงืจื‘ืŸ, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขืฉื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืžื ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.

ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื–ื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืจื™ืฉ ื”ื™"ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื”.
ื‘ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฆืจ ืฉืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื:

ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื–ืจืขื• ืฉืœ ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืžื• ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื•".

ื•ื‘ืจืžื–ื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™"ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื” (ืจื™ืฉ ื”ืœ' ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื•) ื›ืชื‘:

ืœืงื“ืฉ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.

ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉื‘ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฆืจ ืฉืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™"ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืง ืืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.

ื ืคืงื ืžื™ื ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื•ืช "ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื•" ื”ื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืื• ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืงื“ืฉื ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ื ื ืœืงืจื‘ืŸ.
ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื:

ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื, "ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื•" โ€“ ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื•. ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื ืฆื˜ื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• "ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืืœื”ื™ื”ื" โ€“ ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื, "ื•ื”ื™ื• ืงื“ืฉ", ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืžื™ืŸ. ืฉืœื ืชืืžืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืื•ืช ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื—ื ืืœื”ื™ื• ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ืžืขืœืช ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• "ื•ื”ื™ื• ืงื“ืฉ", ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืจืข ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ื”ื•ื, ืชืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืžื•ื.

ืฉืชื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืœืžื“ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื. ื. ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื•. ื‘. ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืžื™ืŸ.
ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื™"ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื”.
ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื•" ื”ื•ื ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื–ืจืข ืื”ืจืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืžื™ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืœืงื“ืฉื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื–ื” ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ, ื•ืืฃ ืื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
ื ืจืื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื•ืช.
ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืฉื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื—ืœื” ืืฃ ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืžื™ืŸ.
ื‘ื”ืœ' ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ื ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืฉื ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืืœื•.
ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื•, ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืชื‘ "ื–ืจืข ืื”ืจืŸ", ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืžื™ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ืจืžื–ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืชื‘ "ื›ื”ื ื™ื", ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืžื™ ืฉืžื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•.
ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืืœ, ืžื” ื˜ื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื?
ื”ืจื™"ืค ืคืจืœื ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืจืก"ื’ (ื—"ื’ ืคืจืฉื” ืž"ื˜, ืงืฆ"ื• ืข"ื‘), ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ืชื‘:

ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื–"ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื“ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขืฉื” ืื™ื ื” ืืœื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“.

ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืžื™ืจื” ื–ื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืจื™ืฉ ื”ื™"ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื”, ื•ื”ืœื ืžื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื™"ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื•ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื”1.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื
ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื ืžื ื™ืช ื›ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชืจื™"ื’ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœืงืจื‘ืŸ ืœื ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื™ืžื ื•ืช ื›ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”. ื›ืš ื”ืฉืจื™ืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืฉืจืฉื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื•, ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื™':

ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ื•ืช. ื“ืข ื›ื™ ืคืขืžื™ื ื™ื‘ืื• ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื” ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื”.

ื—ืœืงื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช "ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื•", ื›ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ืœื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื˜ืžื, ืืฃ ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”. ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืžืฆื•ืช "ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื™ื•", ืื•ืชื” ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ืžืฆื•ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ืชืงื“ืฉ. ืืฃ "ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืืœื”ื™ื”ื" ื•"ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื•" ืื™ื ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืœื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื˜ื”ืจื”.
ืจืง ืžืขืฉื” ืื—ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื•, ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืจืื•ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ืœื”ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืชืจื™"ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื: "ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื–ืจืข ืื”ืจืŸ, ืœืคืืจื ื•ืœื ืฉืื ื•ื›ื•'".
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืจืง ื—ืœืง ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื”. ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืœืฉื•ื ื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื• ืฉืœ ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืžื™ืŸ. ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื–ื• ืืžื ื ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืœื ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืงืจื‘ืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ.
ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืกืง ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืืœื•, ืœื ื ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ื‘ื™ืื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจื ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื™ื. ื’ื ื”ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืืœื•, ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ืœื ื—ืœืงื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ื•ืงื“ืฉืชื•" ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”.
ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ืœื ืคื•ืกืง ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจื ืืœื• ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืจืง ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืคื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ืœื›ื”ื•ื ื”2. ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืžื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื’ืžืจื, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืžื“ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืœื ื ืคืกืงื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืœื”ืœื›ื”3.
ื‘ื™"ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืคื•ืกืง ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ืœื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื”ืœ' ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื• ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื’ื ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืžื™ืŸ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
ื’ื ื”ืฉืžื˜ืช ื“ื™ืŸ "ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื•" ื™ื•ื‘ืŸ.
ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช โ€“ ืฉื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื• ืฉืœ ื›ื”ืŸ โ€“ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื–ื• ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ:

ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืžืื ื• ืœื ื ืฉืžืข ืžื”ื. ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืœืืœ ื™ืชืขืœื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืงื—ื ื•ื‘ื—ืจื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื•ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื•.

ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื–ืจืข ืื”ืจืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืืžื™ืจื” ืฉื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืœื-ืœ ื™ืชืขืœื”. ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื-ืœ ื•ื”ื ืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ืจื—ืžื ื, ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื โ€“ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•.
ื‘ื™"ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืงื“ืฉื ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ื ื ืœื›ื”ื•ื ื”. ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื• ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืืช ื—ืœืงื ื• โ€“ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื โ€“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื”, ื•ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ.
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื‘ื“ื ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื.
ืจืง ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื‘ื• ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ื–ืจืข ืื”ืจืŸ, ืฉื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื’ื ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื•. ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฆื•ื”:
ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• "ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืืœื”ื™ื”ื", ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื, "ื•ื”ื™ื• ืงื“ืฉ", ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืžื™ืŸ. ืฉืœื ืชืืžืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืื•ืช ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื—ื ืืœื”ื™ื• ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืžืขืœืช ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจ "ื•ื”ื™ื• ืงื“ืฉ", ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืจืข ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ื”ื•ื, ืชืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืžื•ื.

1 ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง (ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืœืžื ื—ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืžืฆื•ื” ืจืก"ื˜ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื–', ื˜') ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื™"ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืกืžืš ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืืœื•. ืืฃ ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™"ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉื ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื (ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื, ืฉื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขืจื‘ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ).
2 ื›ืš ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืค"ื— ืข"ื‘, ื•ืขื™' ืžื ื—ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš (ืžืฆื•ื” ืจืก"ื˜ ืื•ืช ื‘') ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื ืคืกืง ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื–ื•.
3 ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉืœื—ืŸ ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืงื›"ื— ืกืข' ืข"ื‘: "ื•ื’ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืžื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืœื ื—ื–ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื ืงืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื” 'ื›ื™ ืืช ืœื—ื ืืœื”ื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืงืจื™ื‘', ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืขื™ืงืจ".

ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื *